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''Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca'' (
According to statistics by Nguyễn Thị Lan, Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca holds the largest collection of Chinese characters that are annotated with chữ Nôm. Hà Đăng Việt states that the Nôm in the book mainly uses three methods of creating characters, giả tá 假借 (phonetic loan), hình thanh 形聲 (phonosemantic compounding), and hội ý 會意 (compound ideographs). But most characters fall into the method of hình thanh 形聲 (phonosemantic compounding) as it was seen as the correct way of writing chữ Nôm.
The book itself has been transliterated into the Vietnamese alphabet by Trần Kinh Hòa and was republished by
* Words in bold are words that rhyme. The book is written in
嗣德聖製字學解義歌 - Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca (q.01-03)
嗣德聖製字學解義歌 - Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca (q.04-06)
Tự-Đức Thánh-chế tự-học giải-nghĩa-ca
陳荆和 - 嗣德聖製字學解義歌譯註-香港中文大學 (1971)
chữ Hán
( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...
: 嗣德聖製字學解義歌; 'Emperor Tự Đức's sagely creation about character learning and explanation song') is a Vietnamese
Vietnamese may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia
* Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam
** Overseas Vietnamese, Vietnamese people living outside Vietna ...
book that teaches Chinese characters (chữ Hán
( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...
) through chữ Nôm
Chữ Nôm (, ) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters ...
. It was complied by the emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty
The Nguyễn dynasty (, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883 ...
, Tự Đức
Tự Đức (, vi-hantu, :wikt:嗣, 嗣:wikt:德, 德, , 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm, also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, and the country's la ...
(1848–1883), around the 19th century. The book itself contains 13 volumes which are organized into 7 major categories. It is written in the Vietnamese lục bát
Lục bát (, ) is a traditional Vietnamese verse form – historically first recorded in Chữ Nôm script. "Lục bát" is Sino-Vietnamese for "six-eight", referring to the alternating lines of six and eight syllables. It will always begin with ...
六八 verse form. It is considered to be an important dictionary for chữ Nôm researchers as it is a fairly complete Hán-Nôm dictionary with no ambiguous characters.
Background
The book and its 13 volumes contains 4,572 verses written inlục bát
Lục bát (, ) is a traditional Vietnamese verse form – historically first recorded in Chữ Nôm script. "Lục bát" is Sino-Vietnamese for "six-eight", referring to the alternating lines of six and eight syllables. It will always begin with ...
六八 verse form. Within all of these verses, contains 32,004 characters with 9,028 of them being Chinese characters. It can be considered as a bilingual Literary Chinese - Vietnamese character dictionary. The book shows Chinese characters being glossed with chữ Nôm in smaller print. The annotations can range from one character to multiple characters, for example on the fifth line, 月 and 日 are annotated with 𩈘𦝄 and 𩈘𡗶 respectively.
* Kham dư loại 堪輿類: (Volumes 1–2; 上-下) contains characters about both astronomy and geography.
* Nhân sự loại 人事類: (Volumes 3–5; 上-中-下) contains characters about human relationships and society.
* Chính hóa loại 政化類: (Volumes 6–7; 上-下) contains characters about education.
* Khí dụng loại 器用類: (Volumes 8–9; 上-下) contains characters about object of everyday use.
* Thảo mộc loại 草木類: (Volumes 10–11; 上-下) contains characters about plants and trees.
* Cầm thú loại 禽獸類: (Volume 12) contains characters about wild animals.
* Trùng ngư loại 虫魚類: (Volume 13) contains characters about insects, shrimp, and fishes.
According to statistics by Nguyễn Thị Lan, Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca holds the largest collection of Chinese characters that are annotated with chữ Nôm. Hà Đăng Việt states that the Nôm in the book mainly uses three methods of creating characters, giả tá 假借 (phonetic loan), hình thanh 形聲 (phonosemantic compounding), and hội ý 會意 (compound ideographs). But most characters fall into the method of hình thanh 形聲 (phonosemantic compounding) as it was seen as the correct way of writing chữ Nôm.
The book itself has been transliterated into the Vietnamese alphabet by Trần Kinh Hòa and was republished by Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university, public research university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Established in 1963 as a federation of three university college, collegesChung Chi College, New Asia Coll ...
(香港中文大學) in 1971.
Text
* Words in bold are words that rhyme. The book is written in lục bát
Lục bát (, ) is a traditional Vietnamese verse form – historically first recorded in Chữ Nôm script. "Lục bát" is Sino-Vietnamese for "six-eight", referring to the alternating lines of six and eight syllables. It will always begin with ...
六八 verse form as can be seen with these lines (six and eight syllable alternating verses). Words are rhymed every sixth and eighth syllable.
See also
*Tam thiên tự
Tam thiên tự (chữ Hán: 三千字; literally 'three thousand characters') is a Vietnamese literature, Vietnamese text that was used in the past to teach young children Chinese characters (chữ Hán) and chữ Nôm. It was written around th ...
* Chữ Nôm
Chữ Nôm (, ) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters ...
* Chữ Hán
( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...
* Tự Đức thánh chế luận ngữ thích nghĩa ca
Notes
Further reading
嗣德聖製字學解義歌 - Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca (q.01-03)
嗣德聖製字學解義歌 - Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca (q.04-06)
Tự-Đức Thánh-chế tự-học giải-nghĩa-ca
陳荆和 - 嗣德聖製字學解義歌譯註-香港中文大學 (1971)
References
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