Třebechovice pod Orebem () is a town in
Hradec Králové District in the
Hradec Králové Region
Hradec Králové Region (, ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Hradec Králové. The region neighbours the Pardubice Region in t ...
of the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 5,900 inhabitants. Třebechovice pod Orebem is best known for the Museum of Nativity Scenes.
Administrative division
Třebechovice pod Orebem consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
*Třebechovice pod Orebem (4,687)
*Krňovice (96)
*Nepasice (350)
*Polánky nad Dědinou (276)
*Štěnkov (225)
Etymology
The initial name of the settlement was Třebochovice. The name was derived from the personal name Třeboch, meaning "the village of Třeboch's people". From the mid-16th century, the name Třebechovice is used. In 1920, the town's name was changed to Třebechovice pod Orebem. It refers to the location of the town below the Oreb hill. The hill was named by the
Hussites
upright=1.2, Battle between Hussites (left) and Crusades#Campaigns against heretics and schismatics, Catholic crusaders in the 15th century
upright=1.2, The Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the Hussite Wars. The movement began during the Prag ...
in 1419 after the biblical
Mount Horeb
Mount Horeb (; Hebrew: ''Har Ḥōrēḇ''; Greek in the Septuagint: , ''Chōrēb''; Latin in the Vulgate: ') is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God, according to the Book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible. I ...
.
Geography
Třebechovice pod Orebem is located about east of
Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 94,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech R ...
. It lies in the
Orlice Table. The town is situated beneath the hill Oreb, which is one of symbols of the town. The top of Oreb is located inside the built-up area and has an altitude of . However, the highest point of the municipal territory is at above sea level.
The
Orlice River flows across the southern part of the territory. The
Dědina River flows through the urban area until the confluence with the Orlice. The stream Cihelnický potok flows through the western part of the territory and also flows into the Orlice in the municipal territory.
History
Třebechovice was founded in the 14th century. According to legend, the town was founded on the right bank of the Dědina River by Třeboch who brought his people there and gave the name to the town. In the 14th century, the town was owned by Hynek Hlaváč of Dubé and his descendants until 1450, when Přibík Kroměšín of Březovice became an owner. The town was owned by the Trčka of Lípa family in the 16th century and it economically developed.
In 1628, a large peasant uprising broke out in the region. Třebechovice was fined, which contributed to the impoverishment of the population. The decline of the town was deepened by four major fires in the 17th century. The economic and cultural situation was bad until the 19th century, when business began to develop again and cultural organizations were founded. In 1849, the
serfdom
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed du ...
was abolished and the town became independent.
[
]
Demographics
Transport
Třebechovice pod Orebem is located on the railway line Hradec Králové– Letohrad.
Sights
The Church of Saint Andrew was first mentioned in 1384. It was damaged by fires and renewed in 1572–1575. The tower was replaced in 1864.
The Evangelical church on the town square is a Neo-Romanesque building from 1877. It serves both religious and cultural purposes.
In 1528, a small wooden church was built on the Oreb hill at the command of Zdeněk Trčka of Lípa. This church fell into disrepair and was replaced by the new one in 1835. The new church is called Church of Corpus Christi.[
]
Museum of Nativity Scenes
The Museum of Nativity Scenes was founded in 1925 by Vilém Koleš. There are more than 500 exhibits of nativity scene
In the Christian tradition, a nativity scene (also known as a manger scene, crib, crèche ( or ), or in Italian ''presepio'' or ''presepe'', or Bethlehem) is the special exhibition, particularly during the Christmastide, Christmas season, of ar ...
s. The museum is the only one of its kind in the country. The most valuable nativity scene is Probošt's mechanical Christmas crib
Probošt's Mechanical Christmas Crib () is a wooden mechanical nativity scene that was made by Josef Probošt (1849–1926), Josef Kapucián (1841–1908) and Josef Friml (1861–1946).Zemanová. ''Třebechovický Proboštův betlém''. p. 156.
T ...
created from wood, which includes more than 2,000 carved parts and figures.
The museum also manages the town's collections. The most valuable exhibit is the handwritten illuminated Literary Gradual
The gradual ( or ) is a certain chant or hymn in liturgical Christian worship. It is practiced in the Catholic Mass, Lutheran Divine Service, Anglican service and other traditions. It gets its name from the Latin (meaning "step") because i ...
from 1559.[
]
Notable people
* Jan Theobald Held (1770–1851), physician, educator and composer
* Anka Bergman (1917–2013), Holocaust survivor
* Oldřich Rott (born 1951), footballer
* Jan Doležal (born 1996), decathlete
Twin towns – sister cities
Třebechovice pod Orebem is twinned with:
* Bethlehem
Bethlehem is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem, and the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate. It had a population of people, as of . The city's economy is strongly linked to Tourism in the State of Palesti ...
, Palestine
Gallery
Masarykovo náměstí (Třebechovice pod Orebem) 01.jpg, Town hall
Třebechovice - kostel Svatého Ondřeje.jpg, Church of Saint Andrew
Třebechovice - socha Nejsvětější Trojice.jpg, Statue of the Holy Trinity at the town square
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trebechovice pod Orebem
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Hradec Králové District