Tía Vicenta
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''Tía Vicenta'' ("Aunt Vicenta") was a satirical current events magazine published in
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
between 1957 and 1966. Created by
caricature A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, ...
artist Juan Carlos Colombres, aka " Landrú", ''Tía Vicenta'' became highly popular, being one of the most influential magazines of its genre.La revista (historia)
by Landrú on Tía Vicenta website (archived, 13 Jul 2017)
In 1970, the magazine was regarded as one of the six best political and military humor magazines in the world. Editorial Haynes published the magazine as a supplement to '' El Mundo'' newspaper, with 500,000 copies printed. After then ''de facto'' president of Argentina
Juan Carlos Onganía Juan Carlos Onganía Carballo (; 17 March 1914 – 8 June 1995) was President of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. He rose to power as dictator after toppling the president Arturo Illia in a coup d'état self-named " Argentine Revol ...
was depicted as a ''
walrus The walrus (''Odobenus rosmarus'') is a large pinniped marine mammal with discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only extant species in the family Odobeni ...
'' (a nickname given due to his big moustache), the dictatorship closed the magazine in July 1966.


History

Caricaturist and commentator Juan Carlos Colombres (mostly known by his nickname " Landrú", based on his supposed resemblance to the French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru) established ''Tía Vicenta'' with fellow illustrator Oski in 1957. The
current events News is information about current events. This may be provided through many different media: word of mouth, printing, postal systems, broadcasting, electronic communication, or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events. N ...
weekly quickly earned renown for its satirical content, particularly regarding Argentine politics, and its circulation, which initially averaged 50,000, doubled shortly afterward. One of its recurring topics was the ban on
Peronism Peronism, also known as justicialism, is an Argentine ideology and movement based on the ideas, doctrine and legacy of Juan Perón (1895–1974). It has been an influential movement in 20th- and 21st-century Argentine politics. Since 1946, P ...
, which its editorials referred to often and in violation of
Decree Law 4161/56 Decree Law 4161/56 () was an Argentine government decree designed to suppress Peronist sentiment among the Argentine people. Enacted on 5 March 1956, six months after the 1955 overthrow of President Juan Perón in the ''Revolución Libertadora'', ...
, signed by President
Pedro Aramburu Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti (May 21, 1903 – June 1, 1970) was an Argentine Army general and the ''de facto'' President of Argentina from 1955 to 1958. He was a major figure behind the ''Revolución Libertadora'', the military coup against J ...
in 1956, which prohibited any mention of or references to exiled populist leader
Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine military officer and Statesman (politician), statesman who served as the History of Argentina (1946-1955), 29th president of Argentina from 1946 to Revolución Libertad ...
or Peronism. Another political controversy whose coverage made ''Tía Vicenta'' memorable was the dispute between President
Arturo Frondizi Arturo Frondizi Ércoli (Paso de los Libres, October 28, 1908 – Buenos Aires, April 18, 1995) was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, teacher, statesman, and politician. He was elected president of Argentina and governed from May ...
and Vice President Alejandro Gómez regarding Frondizi's decision in 1958 to open the nation's
oil An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturate ...
fields to foreign exploration (a reversal of Frondizi's earlier stance). The Vice President had not made his opposition to this policy in public. The covers of ''Tía Vicenta'', however, appeared for a number of weeks with a corner photo of Gómez in a circular insert with an epigraph asking: ''¿A mi por qué me miran?'' ("Why are you looking at me?"). Gómez was forced to resign by the President in November, merely six months after their swearing in. ''Tía Vicenta'' also appeared as a supplement to the popular news daily '' El Mundo'' beginning in 1960, and with a circulation ranging from 200,000 to 450,000 per issue it would become the best-selling magazine in the country. Numerous well known Argentine illustrators and journalists began their career at ''Tía Vicenta'', including
Quino Joaquín Salvador Lavado Tejón (17 July 193230 September 2020), better known by his pen name Quino (), was an Argentina, Argentine cartoonist. His comic strip ''Mafalda'' (which ran from 1964 to 1973) is popular in many parts of the Americas ...
, Faruk,
Caloi CALOI S.A is a major Brazilian manufacturer of bicycles and bicycle equipment, along with motorized cycles like the past Mobilette models, based in São Paulo. In the 1960s, Caloi achieved some popularity, producing folding bicycles. History Ca ...
, and
Copi COPI is a coatomer, a protein complex that coats vesicle (biology), vesicles transporting proteins from the ''cis'' end of the Golgi complex back to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they were originally Translation (genetics), synthesi ...
. Other noted contributors included
Conrado Nalé Roxlo Conrado Nalé Roxlo (February 15, 1898 – July 2, 1971) was an Argentina, Argentine writer, journalist and humorist, who was born and died in Buenos Aires. He was an author of poetry, plays, film scripts and pastiches in prose, and also the ...
,
Hermenegildo Sábat Hermenegildo Sábat (23 June 1933 – 2 October 2018) was an Argentine-Uruguayan caricaturist. Life and work Early career in journalism Hermenegildo Sábat was born in the oceanfront Pocitos section of Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1933. Named after ...
, and
María Elena Walsh María Elena Walsh (1 February 1930 – 10 January 2011) was an Argentine poet, novelist, musician, playwright, writer and composer, mainly known for her songs and books for children. Her work includes many of the most popular children's books ...
, as well as its co-founder,
Oscar Conti (Oski) Oscar "Oski" Conti (191430 October 1979) was a prominent Argentine cartoonist and humorist. Life and work Oscar Esteban Conti was born in Buenos Aires in 1914. Enrolling at the National Fine Arts School, he helped finance his studies by creating ...
. Landrú used
surreal humor Surreal humour (also called surreal comedy, absurdist humour, or absurdist comedy) is a form of humour predicated on deliberate violations of causal reasoning, thus producing events and behaviors that are obviously illogical. Portrayals of s ...
to lampoon both politicians and prevailing issues. He made a likewise liberal use of artistic license on the magazine's covers themselves, which typically featured his caricatures (drawn as
naïve art Naïve art is usually defined as visual art that is created by a person who lacks the formal education and training that a professional artist undergoes (in anatomy, art history, technique, perspective, ways of seeing). When this aesthetic is ...
), and whose design changed frequently; to parody talk of a looming recession in 1966, for instance, he changed the magazine's name at one point to ''Carestía Vicenta'' ("Famine Vicenta"). His irreverent portrayals of General
Juan Carlos Onganía Juan Carlos Onganía Carballo (; 17 March 1914 – 8 June 1995) was President of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. He rose to power as dictator after toppling the president Arturo Illia in a coup d'état self-named " Argentine Revol ...
, who had seized power in a 1966 coup d'état, as a
walrus The walrus (''Odobenus rosmarus'') is a large pinniped marine mammal with discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only extant species in the family Odobeni ...
(a nickname with which colleagues in the
Argentine Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic () are the combined armed forces of Argentina. It is controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense. In addition to the Army, Navy and Air Force An air ...
referred to the laconic and moustachioed Onganía) resulted in the closure of ''Tía Vicenta'' by government edict in July of that year. The shuttered magazine returned as ''Tío Landrú'' from 1967 to 1969, and again returned, by its original name though in a less successful version, from 1977 to 1979. Landrú would continue to illustrate editorials in numerous other publications in subsequent decades, notably '' Clarín''. Edgardo Russo wrote a history of the periodical, ''Historia de Tía Vicenta'', published by Espasa-Calpe in 1994.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tia Vicenta 1957 establishments in Argentina 1966 disestablishments in Argentina Censorship in Argentina Defunct magazines published in Argentina Argentine political satire Satirical magazines published in Argentina Magazines established in 1957 Magazines disestablished in 1966 Defunct Spanish-language magazines Banned magazines