Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star

"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" is an English lullaby. The lyrics are from an early-19th-century English poem written by Jane Taylor, "The Star". The poem, which is in couplet form, was first published in 1806 in '' Rhymes for the Nursery'', a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann. It is now sung to the tune of the French melody "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman", which was first published in 1761 and later arranged by several composers, including Mozart with Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman". The English lyrics have five stanzas, although only the first is widely known.

Where Jane Taylor was when she wrote the lyric is contested, with the localities of Colchester and Chipping Ongar each asserting a claim. However, Ann Taylor writes (in ''The Autobiography and Other Memorials of Mrs. Gilbert'') that the first time Jane ever saw the village of Ongar was in 1810, and the poem had been published in 1806. "In the summer of 1810, Jane, when visiting London, had enjoyed a pic-nic excursion in Epping Forest, and observed on a sign post at one of the turnings, 'To Ongar.' It was the first time she had seen the name."

Lyrics

The English lyrics were written as a poem by Jane Taylor (1783–1824)M. Cryer, ''Love Me Tender: The Stories Behind the World's Best-loved Songs'' (Frances Lincoln, 2009), pp. 83–5. and published with the title "The Star" in ''Rhymes for the Nursery'' by Jane and her sister Ann Taylor (1782–1866) in London in 1806: I. Opie and P. Opie, ''The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes'' (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 397–8
First publication of 'Twinkle, twinkle, little star'

The lyrics were first published with the tune "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman" in ''The Singing Master: First Class Tune Book'' in 1838. When sung, the first two lines of the entire poem are repeated as a refrain after each stanza.

Melody

"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" is sung to the French melody "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman". The melody is used in other nursery rhymes, including the ABC Song and " Baa, Baa, Black Sheep".

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Other versions

Additional variations exist such as

1. From the 1840 novel Poor Jack (chapter 4), by Frederick Marryat.

2. From 1896 in ''Song Stories for the Kindergarten'' by Mildred J. Hill.

A parody of "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" titled " Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" is recited by the Mad Hatter in chapter seven of Lewis Carroll's ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''.

A version using synonyms from ''Roget's Thesaurus'' exists.

The opening lyrics are also used to begin the traditional murder ballad " Duncan and Brady."

The song can also be played as a singing game.

See also

* List of nursery rhymes
* Frère Jacques
* Little Star
* Twinkling

References

External links

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Audio segment
from BBC Radio 4 '' Woman's Hour''

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Articles containing video clips
English children's songs
English folk songs
Traditional children's songs
Lullabies
English nursery rhymes
1806 poems
1838 songs
Songs based on poems
Fiction about stars