Trần Hiến Tông (17 May 1319 – 11 June 1341),
given name
A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a f ...
Trần Vượng (
陳 旺), was the sixth emperor of the
Trần dynasty
The Trần dynasty (Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳; Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: triều Trần, chữ Hán: ikt:朝ikt:陳, 朝wikt:陳, 陳), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a List ...
who reigned
Đại Việt
Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), was a Vietnamese monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day Hanoi. Its early name, Đại Cồ Việt,(ch ...
from 1329 to 1341. Enthroned by
Minh Tông when he was only a ten-year-old boy, Hiến Tông ruled Đại Việt with the regent of the Retired Emperor Minh Tông during his thirteen years of reign. The Emperor died at the age of 23 and leaving no heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother
Trần Hạo. The death of Hiến Tông and his father afterward marked the turning-point in
history
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...
of Trần dynasty when the country began to fall into the trouble times.
Background and during Minh Tông's reign
Hiến Tông was born in 1319 as Trần Vượng, the first son of Emperor
Trần Minh Tông and his imperial consort Anh Tư.
At that time, the birth of prince Trần Vượng ignited a fierce struggle in royal court between two parties, one supported prince Trần Vượng for the position of Minh Tông's successor, the other suggested that the
crown prince
A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title, crown princess, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent.
''Crown prince ...
must be reserved for the Queen's son. This struggle eventually led to the death of the Queen's father
Trần Quốc Chẩn who was also a prominent general with many victories in battle.
In 1329, Minh Tông decided to pass the throne to prince Trần Vượng, now emperor Hiến Tông, and took the position of Retired Emperor (). Trần Vượng was only ten at his coronation.
As emperor
According to ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...
'', Hiến Tông was known for his intelligence and righteousness. During the period that the Emperor and Retired Emperor co-ruled, Đại Việt people was able to witness the last period of real prosperity and peace in history of Trần dynasty.[ Although still having a successful reign with the assistance of capable royal court, Hiến Tông had to face with the first signs of decline such as the deceases of many important and experienced mandarins like Trần Nhật Duật (1330),][ Trần Khắc Chung (1330),]Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...
, 1335)[
Continuing the precedent set by Anh Tông, Minh Tông and Hiến Tông maintained friendly relations with the ]Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
while also reinforcing the southern and western border to deal with the increasing hostility from Laos and Champa
Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...
. However, in contrast with the military ventures of the early Trần dynasty, campaigns during the reign of Hiến Tông often experienced failure. In 1335, a campaign[
Hiến Tông died on 6 June of ]lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases ( synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based on the solar year, and lunisolar calendars, whose lunar months are br ...
, 1341 at age 23, leaving no heir. Minh Tông therefore passed the throne to his tenth son, Trần Hạo, now Dụ Tông.era name
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a t ...
which was Khai Hựu ( 開 佑, prosperity), other than his predecessors, the Emperor had no posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary Personal name, name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian cultural sphere, East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. ...
.[ Despite his natural talent, the achievements of Hiến Tông during the reign are difficult to attribute to him because his father still held real power in the position of retired emperor.][
]
Family
* Hiến Tông had one wife, lineage is Đế Hiển Trinh who was daughter of the Prince Huệ Túc Trần Đại Niên.
References
Notes
Bibliography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tran, Hien Tong
Hien Tong
1319 births
1341 deaths
14th-century Vietnamese monarchs
Vietnamese monarchs
Royalty from Hanoi