The Treaty of Malmö (Swedish: ''Freden i Malmö),'' actually consisted of two and a quarter peace treaties that were all signed on 23 April 1512, bringing an end to the second

Dano-Swedish War Dano-Swedish War may refer to: * Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471), Danish invasion of Sweden by sea * Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512), military conflict between Denmark and Sweden within the Kalmar Union * Dano-Swedish War (1512–1520), Danish invasi ...

. The first treaty included the King of Denmark, John (Danish: ''Hans'') and Sweden. The other treaty dictated peace terms between the same king and the

Free City of Lübeck Free may refer to: Concept * Freedom, the ability to act or change without constraint or restriction * Emancipate, attaining civil and political rights or equality * Free (gratis), Free (''gratis''), free of charge * Gratis versus libre, the di ...

. The rest was a formal demand to King

Louis XII Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), also known as Louis of Orléans was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples (as Louis III) from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Cleves, he succeeded his second ...

of France to settle his disputes with

Pope Julius II Pope Julius II (; ; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, the Battle Pope or the Fearsome ...

. The original peace treaties are preserved in entirety at the

Danish National Archives The Danish National Archives () is the national archive system of Denmark. Its primary purpose is to collect, preserve and archive historically valuable records from central authorities, such as ministries, agencies and national organisations and ...

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

and at the Public Library of Lübeck. The French envoy Pierre Cordier's original report documenting his visit can be found in

Malmö Malmö is the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, sixth-largest city in Nordic countries, the Nordic region. Located on ...

and at the public library in

Besançon Besançon (, ; , ; archaic ; ) is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland. Capi ...

The peace agreements

Denmark-Lübeck/The Hansa

The agreement between Denmark and Lübeck/The Hansa are written in Low German. It contains 17 points, the most important ones are listed here: * The damages suffered by both parties shall be deemed equal and all prisoners shall be released, * "vagabonds" shall no longer be kept at sea, meaning all privateering and hijackings shall cease, * confiscated property shall be released by both parties, * tolls in Öresund shall be paid for by the Hansa according to the rules established by previous monarchs, * all in the kingdom (Denmark) and in the Wendish cities (the Hansa) shall have the right to free travel between each other, just like in old times, * citizens of herealm and cities shall have the right to freely maintain merchandise and trade wherever they travel, shall not be forced to sell or buy a certain good; they shall also have the right to carry their own goods on their person and travel wherever they wish; additionally, no new tolls or other charges shall be introduced. * Hostilities between the Wendish cities and the Dutch shall not lead to combat at sea ("the seas under

Skåne Scania ( ), also known by its native name of Skåne (), is the southernmost of the historical provinces of Sweden, provinces () of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conterminous w ...

and

Blekinge Blekinge () is one of the traditional Swedish provinces (), situated in the southern coast of the geographic region of Götaland, in southern Sweden. It borders Småland, Scania and the Baltic Sea. It is the country's second-smallest provin ...

" and the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

are mentioned), nor shall any hostilities endanger a monarch, * (The trading tax that apply to Hanseatic merchants in

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

shall be lowered from ten percent to five percent), * his Majesty and his dear son (referring to the Danish monarch and prince) in their realms and countries shall defend and protect "us and other Wendic cities", * earlier privileges shall be confirmed (by the king) and wishes of new privileges shall be presented "in a safe and comfortable location in Denmark", * no business (with the King) shall take place unless the Hansa approves of it, * the monarch shall not allow persons who rebel against us in their realms, * if a conflict were to ensue between the kingdom and the Wendic cities, both sides are to name four men each who shall together work out a peaceful solution. Swedish envoys, representatives from the Papacy and an envoy sent by

James V of Scotland James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was List of Scottish monarchs, King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his death in 1542. He was crowned on 21 September 1513 at the age of seventeen months. James was the son of King James IV a ...

among others, were present at the signing of the treaty. In addition to the peace document, a letter which seems to have been kept secret was signed in Malmö. Its contents instructs the lone city of Lübeck to pay 30 000 Rhenish ducats to Denmark during a period of 12 years (2500 ducats per year).

Denmark-Sweden

The Dano-Swedish peace agreement is written in Danish and is not as detailed as the Dano-Lübeckian. The list of both sides' and foreign representatives along with their intents, is longer than in the Dano-Lübeckian, but the agreement addresses a meeting which is planned for the 24 June 1513 where 12 men from Denmark and Norway, and 12 men from Sweden shall decide whether or not Sweden will accept King John or his heir Christian as the true lord and King of the Swedish realm. If Sweden were not to accept, they should give King John "a sizable sum of money". How large this sum should be would be decided by the 24 men. If they would be unable to come to a unanimous decision, the Hansa would be tasked with acting as mediators.

References

Sources

The original documents can be found in

Lübeck Lübeck (; or ; Latin: ), officially the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City of Lübeck (), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 220,000 inhabitants, it is the second-largest city on the German Baltic Sea, Baltic coast and the second-larg ...

and in

. * The documents detailing the peace agreement between Sweden and Denmark, as well as the Hansa and Denmark can be found at the

. * The German copies of the Dano-German peace treaty ("AHL, Urkunden Externa, Danica 266") can be found at the Lübeck City Library. The documents had been evacuated during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, but were recovered in East Germany in 1987. * Pierre Cordier's handwritten report to

is known locally as "Processus verbalis...". It can be found at Bibliothèque municipale d'étude et de conservation in Besançon, France. A PDF file of Processus verbalis is available at the Malmö City Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Treaty of Malmo (1512) 1510s treaties 1512 in law 1512 works 1512 in Denmark Peace treaties of Denmark Hanseatic League Peace treaties of Sweden Pope Julius II James V History of Malmö Louis XII