Toumanoff, Cyril

Cyril Leo Toumanoff ( ka, კირილ თუმანოვი; ; 10 October 1913 – 4 February 1997) was a Georgian-American historian, and academic genealogist who mostly specialized in the history and genealogies of medieval Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Byzantine Empire. Born in the Russian Empire into a princely family, Toumanoff escaped to the United States after the Russian Revolution. His works have significantly influenced the Western scholarship of the medieval Caucasus. Robert H. Hewsen. "In Memoriam: Cyril Toumanoff." ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies''. Vol. 8, 1995, 5–7.

Family

Cyril Toumanoff was born on 10 October 1913 in Saint Petersburg, the son of Prince Leo Tumanov, a military officer of the Russian Imperial army. His father, who was born in Yerevan, was descended from the Armeno-Georgian princely family of Tumanishvili (Russified to Tumanov)Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), ''Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Contexts'', p. 16. Peeters, . "For the present investigation no single scholar's body of work has had a greater impact than that of Cyril Toumanoff (1913-1997). Born in St. Peterburg of an old Armeno-Georgian noble house (Tumanian, Tumanishvili), Toumanoff emigrated to the United States in 1928. He went on to earn his doctorate from Georgetown University in 1943 and immediately accepted a position there, holding it until his retirement in 1970." whose ancestors had emigrated from their original homeland in Cilician Armenia in the 15th century. This family is on the list of the Georgian princes that was attached to the Treaty of Georgievsk concluded between the Georgian king Erekle II and the Russian empress Catherine II in 1783. On December 6, 1850, the Tumanishvili were officially enrolled on the Russian Empire's list of Georgian princely families as ''knyaz'' Tumanov. Toumanoff's mother, Yelizaveta Zhdanova, was a descendant of a number of Russian noble families, with genealogical ties with Western European nobility.

Career

Toumanoff's parents fled the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg in 1917. His father joined the White Russian forces during the Russian Civil War, while his mother was executed by the Bolsheviks. Cyril Toumanoff was initially sheltered by his maternal grandparents in Astrakhan before the family fled to Serbia. In 1925, he and his father escaped to the United States. He graduated from the Lenox School in 1931 and went to Harvard University. He then studied Armenology in Brussels under Nicholas Adontz and Georgian in Berlin under Michael Tsereteli. During these years, Toumanoff converted to Roman Catholicism. A breach with his Orthodox Christian father ensued which ended when they reconciled at the latter's deathbed in 1943.

Toumanoff earned a doctorate from the Georgetown University in 1943 and soon accepted a position there which he held until his retirement as a professor emeritus of history in 1970. Thereafter he moved to Rome. An authority on nobiliary and dynastic questions, Toumanoff was also a Professed Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, High Historical Consultant, Grand Magistry, and the Grand Prior of Bohemia. Having taken religious orders he became known as Fra Cyril.

Toumanoff died in 1997 in Rome at the age of 83. He is buried at the chapel of the Knights of Malta at Campo Verano, Rome. А. А. Шумков, М. Ю. Медведев (1997), Дворянский календарь: справочная родословная книга российского дворянства, т. 4, с. 102. Санкт-Петербургское Дворянское Собрание.

Bibliography

* " On the Relationship between the Founder of the Empire of Trebizond and the Georgian Queen Thamar", '' Speculum'' 15 (1940).
* " Medieval Georgian Historical Literature (VIIth-XVth Centuries)", ''Traditio'' 1 (1943).
* "Caesaropapism in Byzantium and Russia," Theological Studies, VII (1946).  
* "The Old Manuscript of the Georgian Annals: The Queen Anne Codex (QA) 1479-1495", ''Traditio'' 5 (1947)
* "The Early Bagratids. remarks in connexion with some recent publications", '' Le Muséon'' 62 (1949).
* " The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia", ''Traditio'' 7 (1949–1951)
* " Christian Caucasia between Byzantium and Iran. New light from Old Sources", ''Traditio'' 10 (1954).
* " Moscow the Third Rome: genesis and significance of a politico-religious idea", '' The Catholic Review'' 40:4 (1955).
* "La noblesse géorgienne sa genèse et sa structure", ''Rivista Araldica'', Sett (1956).
* "Chronology of the Kings of Abasgia and Other Problems", ''Le Muséon'' 69 (1956)
* "Caucasia and Byzantine Studies", ''Traditio'' 12 (1956)
* "The Bagratids of Iberia from the Eighth to the Eleventh Century", ''Le Muséon'' 74 (1961)
* " The dates of the Pseudo-Moses of Chorene", '' Handes Amsorya'' 75 (1961)
* ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'' (Georgetown University Press, 1963).
* "Armenia and Georgia", in '' The Cambridge Medieval History'' IV (1966).
* " Chronology of the Early Kings of Iberia", ''Traditio'' 25 (1969).
* ''The Order of Malta and the Russian Empire'' (Rome, 1969) with Olgerd de Sherbowitz-Wetzor.
* " The Mamikonids and the Liparitids", ''Armeniaca Venise'' (1969).
* " The Third-Century Armenian Arsacids: A chronological and Genealogical Commentary", '' Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 6 (1969): 233-281.
* " Caucasia and Byzantium", ''Traditio'' 27 (1971)
* "L’Ordre de Malte dans l’Empire de Russie : Grand-Prieuré Catholique de Russie", ''Rivista Araldica'' (maggio-giugno 1973)
* ''Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l’histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)'' (Rome: Aquila, 1976).
* "Aransahikides ou Haykides? Derniers rois de Siounie", ''Handes Amsorya'' (1976)
* ''Catalogue de la Noblesse titrée de l’Empire de Russie'' (Rome, 1982).
* ''Les Maisons Princières Géorgiennes de l’Empire de Russie'' (Rome, 1983).
* "The Albanian Royal Succession", ''Le Muséon'' 97 (1984).
* ''The Social Myth: Introduction to Byzantinism'' (Rome: Viella, 1984).
* "Heraclids and the Arsacids", ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 19 (1985).
* "Problems of Aransahikid Genealogy", ''Le Muséon'' 98 (1985).
* " More on the Mamikonids and the Liparitids" (1986).
* ''Les dynasties de la Caucasie chrétienne de l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle ; Tables généalogiques et chronologiques'', *Rome, 1990).
* " The Princely Nobility of Georgia" (1997).

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toumanoff, Cyril
1913 births
1997 deaths
Iranologists
Historians of Georgia (country)
Georgetown University alumni
Georgetown University faculty
White Russian emigrants to the United States
Nobility of Georgia (country)
Knights of Malta
American medievalists
American Iranologists
Former American Orthodox Christians
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy
Former Russian Orthodox Christians