Tongjiang () is a city of 160,000 in eastern

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the confluence of the Amur and Us ...

province, People's Republic of China, located at the confluence and on the right banks of the Songhua and Amur Rivers, the latter which marks the border with

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. Administratively, it is a

county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...

of Jiamusi.

Toponymy

The city is also referred to by the Nanai toponym Lahasusu (), which means "ancient house" in the Nanai language.

History

Ancient history

During the

Western Zhou The Western Zhou ( zh, c=西周, p=Xīzhōu; 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 77 ...

(1045 BCE - 771 BCE), the area of present-day Tongjiang was inhabited by the Sushen people. Later, during the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BCE - 220 CE), the area was inhabited by the Yilou. During the

Northern and Southern dynasties The Northern and Southern dynasties () was a period of political division in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Eastern Jin dynasty. It is sometimes considered a ...

(420 CE - 589 CE), the area was inhabited by the .

Early medieval history

From 698 to 936, the kingdom of

Balhae Balhae,, , ) also rendered as Bohai or Bohea, and called Jin (; ) early on, was a multiethnic kingdom established in 698 by Dae Joyeong (Da Zuorong). It was originally known as the Kingdom of Jin (震, Zhen) until 713 when its name was changed ...

occupied northern

Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...

and parts of

Manchuria Manchuria is a historical region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China and parts of the modern-day Russian Far East south of the Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Uda River and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges. The exact ...

and

Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai, informally known as Primorye, is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (a krais of Russia, krai) of Russia, part of the Far Eastern Federal District in the Russian Far East. The types of inhabited localities in Russia, ...

, consisting of the Nanai, the Udege, the Evenks, descendants of the Tungus-speaking people, and the people of the recently fallen

Goguryeo Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) (; ; Old Korean: Guryeo) also later known as Goryeo (; ; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, ''kwòwlyéy''), was a Korean kingdom which was located on the northern and central parts of the Korea, Korean Peninsula an ...

kingdom of Korea. Sometime during the Sui or Tang dynasties (581 CE to 907 CE), the Wuji people disappeared from the area, and it became inhabited by Heishui Mohe tribes (, ). These tribes were submitted to Balhae Kingdom under King Seon's reign (818-830). King Seon administrated their territories by creating a prefecture in the neighbourhood: The () with Dalju (), present-day Tongjiang, as its administrative centre.

20th century

During the Sino-Soviet conflict in 1929, the Soviet Amur Military Flotilla defeated the Chinese Sungari Military Flotilla in the Battle of Lahasusu.

Administrative divisions

Tongjiang administers 2 subdistricts, 6 towns, 4 townships, and 11 other township-level divisions.

Subdistricts

The city's two subdistricts are Fanrong Subdistrict () and Xinghua Subdistrict ().

Towns

The city's six towns are (), (), (), (), Xiangyang (), and ().

Townships

The city's four townships are (), (), (), and Yinchuan Township ().

Other township-level divisions

In addition to the aforementioned divisions, Tongjiang administers 11 other township-level divisions, comprising two tree farms (), seven farms (), one seed farm (), and one ranch (). The city's two township-level tree farms are Jiejinkou Tree Farm () and Yabei Tree Farm (). The city's seven township-level farms are (), (), (), (), (), (), and Zhiqing Farm (). The city's sole seed farm is Tongjiang Seed Farm () and Tongjiang Livestock Farm ().

Demographics

As of January 2022, Tongjiang is home to about 1,500 Nanai people, one of China's smallest recognized ethnic groups.

Climate

Transportation

* China National Highway 221 * Jiansanjiang Airport

Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge

The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge was proposed in 2007 by Valery Solomonovich Gurevich, the vice-chairman of the

Jewish Autonomous Oblast The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. ...

. The railway bridge over the Amur River will connect Tongjiang with Nizhneleninskoye, a village in the

. The Chinese portion of the bridge was finished in July 2016. Work began on the longer Russian section of the bridge in December 2016. Completion of structural link between the two sides of the bridge was completed in March 2019. Opening to rail traffic has been repeatedly delayed, with the December 2019 estimate being "the end of 2020", and then 3rd quarter of 2021. The bridge was completed in August 2021, and began undergoing tests in April 2022. Rostislav Goldstein, the current governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, announced that he expected the bridge to be fully operational by August 20, 2022.

References

External links

Map of Tongjiang
{{County-level divisions of Heilongjiang Balhae Cities in Heilongjiang County level divisions of Heilongjiang Jiamusi