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Titjikala, also known as Tapatjatjaka and formerly known as " Maryvale" (after the cattle station of the same name) is an Aboriginal community in the south of the
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
of Australia. At the , Titjikala had a population of 201.


Geography

The traditional owners of the Titjikala area were custodians of an area extending from Horseshoe Bend through to Chambers Pillar, the Titjikala community area, and then across to Mount Burrell, Mount Peachy, and to Mount Frank. Titjakala is about by mainly unsealed road south-east from
Alice Springs Alice Springs () is a town in the Northern Territory, Australia; it is the third-largest settlement after Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin and Palmerston, Northern Territory, Palmerston. The name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William ...
, which is the main access road to the community. Titjikala is situated in the
Simpson Desert The Simpson Desert is a large area of dry, red sandy plain and dunes in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Queensland in central Australia. It is the fourth-largest Deserts of Australia, Australian desert, with an area of . The Wangka ...
, which occupies much of the southern portion of the
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
. It is situated within the boundaries of Maryvale Station, a cattle station. Chambers Pillar is a spectacular landmark, a multi-coloured rock column some away from the site.


Climate

No specific weather records are kept for Titjikala. The nearest weather station was located to the southeast at Finke (Aputula) from 1932 to 1980, when it was decommissioned. Finke experienced summer maximum temperatures of an average of 37.5 degrees Celsius in January and a winter maximum average temperature of 19.9 degrees Celsius in July. Overnight lows range from a mean minimum temperature of 22.8 degrees in January to 5.6 degrees in July. Annual rainfall averages 188.8 millimetres.


Population

The
Australian Bureau of Statistics The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is an List of Australian Government entities, Australian Government agency that collects and analyses statistics on economic, population, Natural environment, environmental, and social issues to advi ...
recorded a population of 201 people (with 94% being of Aboriginal background) in the 2011 Census. That represented a decrease since the 2006 census from 219 people. 26.1% of the residents were below 15 years of age, and 2% aged over 65 years of age. Median weekly income was $276, some $70–80 more than other Aboriginal communities but still far short of larger white settlements. Tapatjatjaka Community, on their website, stated in 2007:
There are also people who have been living in the Titjikala area for several generations, but whose family members came from other areas. Their children, having been born in this area, are connected to its dreaming. Consequently, Titjikala has become the home to Arrernte (traditional owners), Luritja and Pitjantjatjara people.
The above demonstrates the natural interconnection between language and cultural identity in Indigenous Australian culture.


Languages

Traditional languages are Luritja, Arrernte, and Pitjantjatjara. Arrernte is said to be the language of the traditional owners of the land. English is spoken in varying degrees of fluency.


History

Tapatjatjaka Community, on their website, gives the following history:
From the 1940s onwards families came to the Maryvale Station to work as stockmen and as domestic helpers. The station owners provided rations to the people who resided and worked on their stations. Aboriginal people started settling in the area in the 1950s, when a mission truck visited every six weeks. Families would work at the surrounding stations as stockman, cameleers and domestic staff. At this time the people still lived in traditional humpies. Water was fetched from a well mainly by donkey wagons, but also by foot or by
camel A camel (from and () from Ancient Semitic: ''gāmāl'') is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ''Camelus'' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provid ...
. Children and women would travel back and forwards most of the day collecting water from the well and carrying it to the humpy area. The community obtained its food from rations from the station (flour, salt and meat). People also collected bush tucker including goannas, kangaroos, witchetty grubs, bush tomatoes and bush bananas. Then in the early 1960s the community built their own
shed A shed is typically a simple, single-storey (though some sheds may have two or more stories and or a loft) roofed structure, often used for storage, for hobby, hobbies, or as a workshop, and typically serving as outbuilding, such as in a bac ...
s, much like garages, with concrete slabs for flooring. At this time the station laid piping from a good bore with the help of the Aboriginal people to provide a tap near the new buildings. As part of the village a church was built in the same garage style. In the 1970s the first school was provided to the Titjikala people. The community was originally a excision from the Francis Well water reserve and the stock route. It is within the Maryvale Station
pastoral lease A pastoral lease, sometimes called a pastoral run, is an arrangement used in both Australia and New Zealand where government-owned Crown land is leased out to Pastoral farming, graziers for the purpose of livestock grazing on rangelands. Austral ...
, which was registered in 1978. Titjikala community obtained freehold title to the excision in 1987 and in 1988 the Northern Territory Government gazetted the Titjikala control Plan, which places certain restrictions on land usage and development in the community.
Titjikala was visited on 28 June 2007 by one of the
Howard Howard is a masculine given name derived from the English surname Howard. ''The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names'' notes that "the use of this surname as a christian name is quite recent and there seems to be no particular reason for ...
Commonwealth Government's "scoping teams" (comprising federal bureaucrats, social / health workers, police and soldiers), sent to enforce a "crackdown" on sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities. Commonwealth Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, Mal Brough said that the Government's "crackdown" on sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities would begin with five communities, comprising Titjikala, Mutitjulu, Imanpa, Aputula, and Santa Teresa.


Transport

Access to Titjikala is by road or air. The roads and the
airstrip An aerodrome, airfield, or airstrip is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for public or private use. Aerodromes in ...
can be washed out during heavy rains.Titjikala


Facilities

There is an Indigenous art centre, Tapatjatjaka Art and Craft, where paintings and sculptures are produced for sale. Gunya Titjikala was a tourist resort operated by Gunya Tourism at Titjikala. ("Gunya" is another word for " humpy" or shelter.) Profits were delivered to the community through a trust account arrangement. Gunya Titjikala is unique in being funded through a private loan by Macquarie Bank executive Bill Moss, who provided $400,000 to start operations. The Indigenous Land Council contributed $250,000 in venture capital in 2006. The Australian newspaper reported on 9 October 2007 that Gunya had suspended operations due to the cancellation of the Community Development Employment Program as part of the
Howard Howard is a masculine given name derived from the English surname Howard. ''The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names'' notes that "the use of this surname as a christian name is quite recent and there seems to be no particular reason for ...
Government's Northern Territory National Emergency Response interventions in the
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
. Titjikala has a general store, school, women's centre, early learning centre, aged care program, laundry, mechanical workshop, basketball court, health clinic and Centrelink agent. A primary school exists at Titjikala. Titjikala and its surrounds are governed by the Tapatjatjaka Community Government Council.LGA NT Website
A
Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
church is based in Titjikala. The Lutheran Church has had a long association with the Titjikala community.


Notable people

* Sally M. Nangala Mulda, artist, born in Titjikala


Footnotes


External links


Titjikala Art Centre

Gunya

Tapatjatjaka Community Website

Tapatjatjaka Local Government Area entry – Local Government Association of the Northern Territory
* {{authority control Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory Australian Aboriginal missions MacDonnell Region