The Tiszapolgár culture (4500–4000 BC) was an

Eneolithic The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , , "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as st ...

archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...

Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...

in the

Carpathian Basin The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeastern Central Europe. After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I, the geomorphologic ...

, in the

Great Hungarian Plain The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, or ) is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not par ...

. It located in the territory of present-day Eastern Hungary, in Eastern Slovakia, in

Transcarpathia Transcarpathia (, ) is a historical region on the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast. From the Hungarian Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, conquest of the Carpathian Basin ...

in Ukraine, and in Western Romania. The

type site In archaeology, a type site (American English) or type-site (British English) is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it. For example, discoveries at La Tène and H ...

Tiszapolgár-Basatanya is a town in northeastern

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

( Polgár). It is a continuation of the earlier

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

Tisza culture The Tisza culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of the Alföld plain in modern-day Hungary, Western Romania, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian Zakarpattia Oblast in Central Europe. The culture is dated to between 5400 BCE and 4500/4400 B ...

. The type site Româneşti is located in the Româneşti-Tomeşti,

Timiș County Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

. Most of the information about the Tiszapolgár culture comes from cemeteries; over 150 individual graves have been being excavated at Tiszapolgár-Basatanya. The pottery is unpainted but often polished and frequently decorated. In 2022 a trove of 169 gold rings was found in Romania, in the burial of a high-status woman belonging to the Tiszapolgár culture. The trove was described as "a sensational find for the period".

Genetics

Lipson et al. (2017) found in the remains of five individuals ascribed to the Tiszapolgár culture three G2a2b and a subclade of it, and two I2a and a subclade of it. Of the five samples of

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in ...

extracted, three belonged to T21c, one belonged to H26, and one belonged to H1.

Gallery

File:Early Eneolithic earthenware dishes, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Tiszapolgar ceramics File:Pedestalled goblet, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Tiszapolgar ceramic vessel File:Early Eneolithic cups, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Ceramic cups File:Journal.pone.0278116.g009.png, Copper bracelet File:Journal.pone.0278116.g008.png, Copper spiral ornaments File:Journal.pone.0278116.g006.png, Copper beads File:Journal.pone.0278116.g007.png, Copper spiral ornament File:Copper axe - Déri Museum IV.1928.184.jpg, Copper axes

Bibliography

* * * Parkinson, William A. (1999):
The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain
'. University of Michigan * Parkinson, William A.:
Style and Social Interaction in the Early Copper Age of the Great Hungarian Plain
'. La Tinaja: A Newsletter of Archaeological Ceramics. 13(1):4-7. Ohio State University * Sarris, Apostolos; Galaty, Michael L.; Yerkes, Richard W.; Parkinson, William A.; Gyucha, Attila; Billingsley, Doc M. & Tate, Robert
''Investigation of Hungarian Early Copper Age Settlements through Magnetic Prospection & Soil Phosphate Techniques''
* Sauer, Erin
''Paleomeander Behavior in the Early Copper Age of the Great Hungarian Plain: Vészt″o, Hungary''
The Ohio State University

bilder av oldstidsgjenstander fra den aktuelle tidsepoke

References

External links

The Tiszapolgár culture

(in German)

Trove of Gold Rings Is Uncovered in ‘Sensational’ Prehistoric Grave in Romania
Chalcolithic cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures in Hungary Archaeological cultures in Romania Archaeological cultures in Serbia Archaeological cultures in Slovakia Archaeological cultures in Ukraine Eneolithic Serbia Prehistory of Southeastern Europe {{Romania-stub

Genetics

Gallery

See also

Bibliography

References

External links