The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to the

history of the United States The history of the present-day United States began in roughly 15,000 BC with the arrival of Peopling of the Americas, the first people in the Americas. In the late 15th century, European colonization of the Americas, European colonization beg ...

By period

Prehistory of the United States Prehistory of the United States'' may refer to: * Geological history of North America * History of Native Americans in the United States {{Disambiguation ...

History of the United States The history of the present-day United States began in roughly 15,000 BC with the arrival of Peopling of the Americas, the first people in the Americas. In the late 15th century, European colonization of the Americas, European colonization beg ...

Pre-Columbian era In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European col ...

Colonial history of the United States The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of the Americas, European colonization of North America from the late 15th century until the unifying of the Thirteen Colonies, Thirteen British Colonies a ...

** 1776–1789 ** 1789–1815 ** 1815–1849 ** 1849–1865 ** 1865–1917 ** 1917–1945 ** 1945–1964 ** 1964–1980 ** 1980–1991 ** 1991–2016 ** 2016–present

Named eras and periods

These multi-year periods are commonly identified in American history. The existence and dating of some of these periods is debated by historians. * Plantation era () *

First Great Awakening The First Great Awakening, sometimes Great Awakening or the Evangelical Revival, was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its thirteen North American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected Pro ...

(1730s–1740s) *

American Revolution The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American ...

(1775–1783) *

Confederation period The Confederation period was the era of the United States' history in the 1780s after the American Revolution and prior to the ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1781, the United States ratified the Articles of Confederation and ...

(1781–1789) *

Federalist Era The Federalist Era in American history ran from 1788 to 1800, a time when the Federalist Party and its predecessors were dominant in American politics. During this period, Federalists generally controlled Congress and enjoyed the support of Pres ...

(1788–1800) *

Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the late 18th to early 19th century in the United States. It spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching and sparked a number of reform movements. Revivals were a k ...

() *

First-wave feminism First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on De jure, legal issues, primarily on securing women's right to vote. The term is oft ...

(19th century–early 20th century) *

Manifest Destiny Manifest destiny was the belief in the 19th century in the United States, 19th-century United States that American pioneer, American settlers were destined to expand westward across North America, and that this belief was both obvious ("''m ...

() *

Era of Good Feelings The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Fe ...

() * Jacksonian Era () *

The Slave Power The Slave Power, or Slavocracy, referred to the perceived political power held by American slaveholders in the federal government of the United States during the Antebellum period. Antislavery campaigners charged that this small group of wealth ...

() *

California Gold Rush The California gold rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the U ...

(1848–1855) *

Greater Reconstruction The Greater Reconstruction was a period in the history of the United States during the nineteenth century characterized by racial tensions, westward settler colonialism, ideas about republican citizenship, and expanding federal power. After Americ ...

() *

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

(1861–1865) *

Reconstruction era The Reconstruction era was a period in History of the United States, US history that followed the American Civil War (1861-65) and was dominated by the legal, social, and political challenges of the Abolitionism in the United States, abol ...

(–1877) *

Gilded Age In History of the United States, United States history, the Gilded Age is the period from about the late 1870s to the late 1890s, which occurred between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was named by 1920s historians after Mar ...

(1869–) *

Jim Crow era The Jim Crow laws were U.S. state, state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, "Jim Crow (character), Ji ...

(1876–1965) *

Gay Nineties The Gay Nineties is an American nostalgic term and a periodization of the history of the United States referring to the decade of the 1890s. It is known in the United Kingdom as the Naughty Nineties, and refers there to the decade of supposedl ...

(1890s) *

Nadir of American race relations The nadir of American race relations was the period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century, when racism in the country, and particularly anti-bl ...

(–1940) *

Progressive Era The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s) was a period in the United States characterized by multiple social and political reform efforts. Reformers during this era, known as progressivism in the United States, Progressives, sought to address iss ...

(1890s–1920s) *

Lochner era The ''Lochner'' era was a period in American legal history from 1897 to 1937 in which the Supreme Court of the United States is said to have made it a common practice "to strike down economic regulations adopted by a State based on the Court's o ...

() *

American Century The American Century is a characterization of the period since the middle of the 20th century as being largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, technological, and cultural terms. It is comparable to the description of the p ...

(20th century) * Great Migration () *

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

() *

First Red Scare The first Red Scare was a period during History of the United States (1918–1945), the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Far-left politics, far-left movements, including Bolsheviks, Bolshevism a ...

(1917–1920) *

Prohibition in the United States The Prohibition era was the period from 1920 to 1933 when the United States prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The alcohol industry was curtailed by a succession of state legislatures, an ...

(1919–1933) *

Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties, sometimes stylized as Roaring '20s, refers to the 1920s decade in music and fashion, as it happened in Western world, Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultura ...

(1920s) *

Jazz Age The Jazz Age was a period from 1920 to the early 1930s in which jazz music and dance styles gained worldwide popularity. The Jazz Age's cultural repercussions were primarily felt in the United States, the birthplace of jazz. Originating in New O ...

(1920s) *

Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...

(1929–1939) *

Dust Bowl The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by a combination of natural factors (severe drought) and hum ...

(1930–1936) *

New Deal The New Deal was a series of wide-reaching economic, social, and political reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, in response to the Great Depression in the United States, Great Depressi ...

era (1933–1938) *

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

(1939-1945) * Second Great Migration () *

Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...

(1947–1991) *

Second Red Scare McCarthyism is a political practice defined by the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United S ...

(1947–1957) * Civil rights era (1954–1968) *

Space Race The Space Race (, ) was a 20th-century competition between the Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between t ...

(1957–1975) *

Second-wave feminism Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades, ending with the feminist sex wars in the early 1980s and being replaced by third-wave feminism in the early 1990s. It occurred ...

(1960s–1970s) *

New Great Migration The New Great Migration is the demographic change from 1970 to the present, which is a reversal of the previous 60-year trend of black migration within the United States. Since 1970, deindustrialization of cities in the Northeastern and Mid ...

(1965–present) *

Détente ''Détente'' ( , ; for, fr, , relaxation, paren=left, ) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. The diplomacy term originates from around 1912, when France and Germany tried unsucces ...

(–1979) *

1970s energy crisis The 1970s energy crisis occurred when the Western world, particularly the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, faced substantial petroleum shortages as well as elevated prices. The two worst crises of this period wer ...

(1973–1980) * Reagan Era (1980–1992) *

Neoconservatism Neoconservatism (colloquially neocon) is a political movement which began in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist Democratic Party along with the growing New Left and ...

(1980s–2000s) *

Dot-com bubble The dot-com bubble (or dot-com boom) was a stock market bubble that ballooned during the late-1990s and peaked on Friday, March 10, 2000. This period of market growth coincided with the widespread adoption of the World Wide Web and the Interne ...

(–2000) *

United States housing bubble The 2000s United States housing bubble or house price boom or 2000s housing cycle was a sharp run up and subsequent collapse of house asset prices affecting over half of the U.S. states. In many regions a Real-estate bubble, real estate bubb ...

() * War on Terror (2001–2021) * ;Political parties These periods are commonly identified as the large changes within political parties. Newer Party Systems are typically disputed by experts and historians due to the complexity of changes in political parties. *

First Party System The First Party System was the political party system in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largel ...

() *

Second Party System The Second Party System was the Political parties in the United States, political party system operating in the United States from about 1828 to early 1854, after the First Party System ended. The system was characterized by rapidly rising leve ...

() *

Third Party System The Third Party System was a period in the history of political parties in the United States from the 1850s until the 1890s, which featured profound developments in issues of American nationalism, modernization, and race. This period was marke ...

() *

Fourth Party System The Fourth Party System was the political party system in the United States from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the Republican Party, except the 1912 split in which Democrats captured the White House and held it for eight years. Am ...

() *

Fifth Party System The Fifth Party System, also known as the New Deal Party System, is the era of American national politics that began with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to President of the United States in 1932. Roosevelt's implementation of his popular ...

() *

Sixth Party System The Sixth Party System is the era in United States politics following the Fifth Party System. As with any periodization, opinions differ on when the Sixth Party System may have begun, with suggested dates ranging from the late 1960s to the Rep ...

(–present) ;Wars See

List of wars involving the United States This is an index of lists detailing military conflicts involving the United States, organized by time period. Although the United States has formally Declaration of war by the United States, declared war only 5 times and these declarations cover ...

Timelines and lists

15th century

= 1490s

= * On October 12, 1492, three Spanish ships under the command of ''Cristoforo Colombo'' (

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italians, Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed Voyages of Christopher Columbus, four Spanish-based voyages across the At ...

) landed on the Lucayan island of ''

Guanahani Guanahaní (meaning "small upper waters land") was the Taíno language, Taíno name of an island in the Bahamas that was the first land in the New World sighted and visited by Christopher Columbus' Voyages of Christopher Columbus#First voyage (14 ...

'' which he names ''San Salvador'' (The Savior). * On November 14, 1493, a Spanish fleet under the command of Columbus lands on a large inhabited island which he names '' Santa Cruz'' (Holy Cross, now Saint Croix). Columbus then visits and names '' San Tomas'' (Saint Thomas) and ''

San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John (disambiguation), Saint John, most commonly refers to: * San Juan, Puerto Rico * San Juan, Argentina * San Juan, Metro Manila, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines San Juan may also refer to: Places Arge ...

'' (Saint John). Columbus names the archipelago '' Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Vírgenes'' (Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgins, now the

Virgin Islands The Virgin Islands () are an archipelago between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Caribbean Sea, geographically forming part of the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, Caribbean islands or West Indie ...

). * On November 19, 1493, Columbus lands on the large

Taíno The Taíno are the Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, Indigenous peoples of the Greater Antilles and surrounding islands. At the time of European contact in the late 15th century, they were the principal inhabitants of most of what is now The ...

island of

Borikén ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

which he names '' San Juan Bautista'' (

Saint John the Baptist John the Baptist ( – ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist ...

, now

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

and part of the United States).

16th century

= 1500s

= * On August 8, 1508, Spanish

conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (; ; ) were Spanish Empire, Spanish and Portuguese Empire, Portuguese colonizers who explored, traded with and colonized parts of the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Asia during the Age of Discovery. Sailing ...

Juan Ponce de León Juan Ponce de León ( – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and ''conquistador'' known for leading the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513. He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain, in ...

establishes Capárra, the first European settlement on the island of ''San Juan Bautista'' in Puerto Rico.

= 1510s

= * On

Easter Sunday Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek language, Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, de ...

, April 2, 1513, a Spanish expedition led by

lands on a huge inhabited island (later determined to be a continental peninsula) which he names '' La Pascua Florida'' (the Feast of Flowers, now

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

= 1520s

= * On March 6, 1521, three Spanish ships under the command of ''Fernão de Magalhães'' (

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan ( – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and led the 1519–22 Spanish expedition to the East Indies. During this expedition, he also discovered the Strait of Magellan, allowing his fl ...

) land on the Island of Guam after a seemingly endless eleven week voyage across the Pacific Ocean. Magellan names the archipelago '' Las Isles de las Velas Latinas'' (The Islands of the Latine Sails). When the Spaniards refuse to pay for supplies, natives take iron from the ships. Magellan renames the archipelago '' Las Islas de los Ladrones'' (The Islands of the Thieves).

= 1530s

= * In May 1539, Spanish explorer

Hernando de Soto Hernando de Soto (; ; 1497 – 21 May 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula. He played an important role in Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, ...

lands nine ships at southern

Tampa Bay Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and shallow estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico on the west-central coast of Florida, comprising Hillsborough Bay, McKay Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay. The largest freshwater i ...

in Florida with 620 men and 220 horses.

= 1540s

= * In 1540, Hernando de Soto leads his expedition through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi. * In May 1541, Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and explores Arkansas, Texas, Tennessee and Oklahoma. * A Spanish expedition led by

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (; 1497 – January 3, 1543) was a Portuguese maritime explorer best known for investigations of the west coast of North America, undertaken on behalf of the Spanish Empire. He was the first European to explore presen ...

lands at a bay of the Pacific Ocean which he names '' San Miguel'' (

Saint Michael Michael, also called Saint Michael the Archangel, Archangel Michael and Saint Michael the Taxiarch is an archangel and the warrior of God in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The earliest surviving mentions of his name are in third- and second- ...

, now

San Diego, California San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

) on September 28, 1542.

= 1550s

= * A Spanish expedition led by

Tristán de Luna y Arellano Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1510 – September 16, 1573) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador of the 16th century.Herbert Ingram Priestley, Tristan de Luna: Conquistador of the Old South: A Study of Spanish Imperial Strategy (1936). http://pa ...

establishes a colony at '' Santa Maria de Ochuse'' (

Pensacola, Florida Pensacola ( ) is a city in the Florida panhandle in the United States. It is the county seat and only incorporated city, city in Escambia County, Florida, Escambia County. The population was 54,312 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. ...

) on August 15, 1559. ** A hurricane destroys most of the Ochuse colony five weeks later on September 19, 1559.

= 1560s

= *

Jean Ribault Jean Ribault (also spelled ''Ribaut'') (1520 – October 12, 1565) was a French naval officer, navigator, and a colonizer of what would become the southeastern United States. He was a major figure in the French attempts to colonize Florida. A ...

explores the Atlantic coast of

for France in 1562. * French Huguenots led by

René Goulaine de Laudonnière Rene Goulaine de Laudonnière (; c. 1529–1574) was a French Huguenot explorer and the founder of the French colony of Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, a Huguenot, sent Jean Ribault and Laudonni� ...

establish Fort de la Caroline on June 22, 1564 * Spanish Governor

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (; ; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral, explorer and conquistador from Avilés, in Asturias, Spain. He is notable for planning the first regular trans-oceanic convoys, which became known as ...

establishes a colony about 10 leagues (56 kilometers or 35 miles) farther south at ''San Agustín'' (

St. Augustine, Florida St. Augustine ( ; ) is a city in and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Located 40 miles (64 km) south of downtown Jacksonville, the city is on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. Founded in 1565 by Spani ...

) on September 8, 1565 * Spanish Governor

captures ''Fort de la Caroline'' on September 20, 1565 ** Governor Menéndez orders the execution of 140 Huguenots from ''Fort de la Caroline'' and orders fort rebuilt as '' Fuerte San Mateo'' on September 29, 1565 ** Governor Menéndez orders the execution of Jean Ribault and 350 shipwrecked Huguenots on October 12, 1565 * French raiders led by

Dominique de Gourgues Dominique (or Domingue) de Gourgues (1530–1593) was a French nobleman and soldier. He is best known for leading a privateer attack against Spanish Florida in 1568, in retaliation for the no quarter given after the capture of Fort Caroline and t ...

destroy ''Fuerte San Mateo'' and murder all its defenders on April 27–28, 1567

= 1570s

= * Spanish Jesuit priests establish '' Mission Santa Maria'' on '' Ajacán'' (the

Virginia Peninsula The Virginia Peninsula is the natural landform located in southeast Virginia outlined by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. It is sometimes known as the ''Lower Peninsula'' to distinguish it from two other penins ...

) on September 10, 1570 – 1572

= 1580s

= * Spain,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, and the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

adopt the new

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

on October 15, 1582 (

New Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various Europe, European countrie ...

) * English establish

Roanoke Colony The Roanoke Colony ( ) refers to two attempts by Sir Walter Raleigh to found the first permanent English settlement in North America. The first colony was established at Roanoke Island in 1585 as a military outpost, and was evacuated in 1586. ...

Roanoke Island Roanoke Island () is an island in Dare County, bordered by the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It was named after the historical Roanoke, a Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the area in the 16th century at the time of English colonizat ...

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

(now

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

) in July 1585

= 1590s

= * On August 18, 1590, a resupply party finds the Roanoke Colony dismantled and deserted. The fate of the settlers remains a mystery. * Spanish Governor Juan de Oñate Salazar founds the colony of ''

Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle or Santa) is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts during the late evening and overnight hours on Christma ...

'' (

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

) at '' San Juan de los Caballeros'' on July 11, 1598

17th century

= 1600s

= * French establish the colony of ''

l'Acadie Acadia (; ) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. The population of Acadia included the various indigenous Fir ...

'' (

Acadia Acadia (; ) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the The Maritimes, Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River. The population of Acadia included the various ...

) on '' Île Sainte-Croix'' (

Saint Croix Island, Maine Saint Croix Island (), long known to locals as Dochet Island (), is a small uninhabited island in Maine near the mouth of the St. Croix River (Maine-New Brunswick), Saint Croix River that forms part of the Canada–United States border separati ...

), June 1604 – 1605 * English establish the

Virginia Colony The Colony of Virginia was a British colonial settlement in North America from 1606 to 1776. The first effort to create an English settlement in the area was chartered in 1584 and established in 1585; the resulting Roanoke Colony lasted for t ...

Jamestown Island Jamestown Island is a island in the James River in Virginia, part of James City County, Virginia, James City County. It is located off Glasshouse Point, to which it is connected via a causeway to the Colonial Parkway. Much of the island is wet ...

on May 14, 1607 * English establish the

Popham Colony The Popham Colony—also known as the Sagadahoc Colony—was a short-lived English colonial settlement in North America. It was established in 1607 by the proprietary Plymouth Company and was located in the present-day town of Phippsburg, M ...

along the

Kennebec River The Kennebec River (Abenaki language, Abenaki: ''Kinəpékʷihtəkʷ'') is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accessed June 30, 2011 natural river within the U.S. state of Ma ...

(

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

) on August 13, 1607 – August 1607 * First Anglo-Powhatan War, 1609–1613

= 1610s

= * Spanish Governor

Pedro de Peralta Pedro de Peralta (c. 1584 – 1666) was Governor of New Mexico between 1610 and 1613 at a time when it was a province of New Spain. He formally founded the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1610. In August 1613 he was arrested and jailed for almos ...

moves the capital of ''

'' (

) from '' San Juan de los Caballeros'' to '' La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís'' ( Santa Fe) in 1610 * The first

slave ship Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting Slavery, slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea ( ...

arrives in

Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent British colonization of the Americas, English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James River, about southwest of present-day Willia ...

, in 1619

= 1620s

= * English

Puritans The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should b ...

establish the

Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony (sometimes spelled Plimouth) was the first permanent English colony in New England from 1620 and the third permanent English colony in America, after Newfoundland and the Jamestown Colony. It was settled by the passengers on t ...

on November 11, 1620 *

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

establish the province of ''Nieuw-Nederland'' (

New Netherland New Netherland () was a colony of the Dutch Republic located on the East Coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to Cape Cod. Settlements were established in what became the states ...

) along the

Hudson River The Hudson River, historically the North River, is a river that flows from north to south largely through eastern New York (state), New York state. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains at Henderson Lake (New York), Henderson Lake in the ...

in May 1624 * English Puritans establish the Newe-England Colony on September 6, 1628 * King

Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland from 27 March 1625 until Execution of Charles I, his execution in 1649. Charles was born ...

grants the Newe-England Colony a royal charter as the

Governour and Company of the Mattachusetts Bay in Newe-England The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around Massachusetts Bay, one of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of M ...

on March 4, 1629

= 1630s

= * The Town of Boston is chartered and named capital of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around Massachusetts Bay, one of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of M ...

, September 7, 1630 * English

Puritan The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should b ...

s establish the

Saybrook Colony The Saybrook Colony was a short-lived English colony established in New England in 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River in what is today Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Saybrook was founded by a group of Puritan noblemen as a potential politic ...

along the

Connecticut River The Connecticut River is the longest river in the New England region of the United States, flowing roughly southward for through four states. It rises 300 yards (270 m) south of the U.S. border with Quebec, Canada, and discharges into Long Isl ...

, 1635 * English

s establish the River Colony along the

, March 3, 1636 *

Roger Williams Roger Williams (March 1683) was an English-born New England minister, theologian, author, and founder of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Pl ...

establishes the Colony of Providence, June 1636 *

Pequot War The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place in 1636 and ended in 1638 in New England, between the Pequot nation and an alliance of the colonists from the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Na ...

, July 20, 1636 – May 26, 1637 * Swedish establish the colony of '' Nya Sverige'' (

New Sweden New Sweden () was a colony of the Swedish Empire between 1638 and 1655 along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in what is now Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Established during the Thirty Years' War when Sweden was a g ...

) along the

Delaware River The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and is the longest free-flowing (undammed) river in the Eastern United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock, New York, the river flows for a ...

, March 29, 1638 * English establish the Newe-Haven Colony, April 14, 1638 *

Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson (; July 1591 – August 1643) was an English-born religious figure who was an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. Her strong religious formal d ...

establishes the first of the colonies of Rhode Island, 1638

= 1640s

= * King Charles II grants a charter for the Colony of Providence Plantations including the Colony of Providence and the colonies of Rhode Island, March 1644 *

Second Anglo-Powhatan War The AngloPowhatan Wars were three wars fought between settlers of the Colony of Virginia and the Powhatan People of Tsenacommacah in the early 17th century. The first war started in 1609 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614. The second war l ...

, 1644–1646 * The

Connecticut Colony The Connecticut Colony, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became the state of Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636, as a settlement for a Puritans, Puritan congregation o ...

annexes the

, 1644

= 1660s

= * King

Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and King of Ireland, Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest su ...

grants the River Colony a royal charter as the

Colony of Connecticut The Connecticut Colony, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became the state of Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636, as a settlement for a Puritan congregation of settlers ...

, May 1662 * King

grants a royal charter for the

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It became a haven for religious d ...

, 1663 * England seizes

from the Netherlands, August 27, 1664. England splits

into the Province of New-York and the Province of New-Jersey. * The

annexes the New-Haven Colony, January 5, 1665 *

Second Anglo-Dutch War The Second Anglo-Dutch War, began on 4 March 1665, and concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Breda (1667), Treaty of Breda on 31 July 1667. It was one in a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars, naval wars between Kingdom of England, England and the D ...

, March 4, 1665 – July 31, 1667

= 1670s

= *

Third Anglo-Dutch War The Third Anglo-Dutch War, began on 27 March 1672, and concluded on 19 February 1674. A naval conflict between the Dutch Republic and England, in alliance with France, it is considered a related conflict of the wider 1672 to 1678 Franco-Dutch W ...

, April 7, 1672 – March 5, 1674 ** A Netherlands fleet under the command of Cornelis Evertsen de Jongste captures the Province of New-York, August 1673. ** Netherlands military government of

, August 1673 – March 5, 1674 ** Treaty of Westminster, February 19, 1674 ** England regains control of the Province of New-York, March 5, 1674 * The Province of New-Jersey is split into the Province of East Jersey and the

Province of West Jersey West Jersey and East Jersey were two distinct parts of the Province of New Jersey. The political division existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often ...

, March 18, 1673 *

King Philip's War King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between a group of indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodland ...

, June 8, 1675 – August 12, 1676

= 1680s

= *

Pueblo Revolt The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé, Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the Indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish Empire, Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger t ...

, August 10, 1680 – September 14, 1692 **

Popé Po'pay, sometimes spelled Popé, ( ; – ) was a Tewa religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh, who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule. In the first successful anticolonial revolt against a European colonial power in the Wes ...

leads revolt of

Puebloan peoples The Pueblo peoples are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices. Among the currently inhabited Pueblos, Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Zuni, and Hopi are some of the ...

against Spanish rule,

European culture The culture of Europe is diverse, and rooted in its art, architecture, traditions, cuisines, music, folklore, embroidery, film, literature, economics, philosophy and religious customs. Definition Whilst there are a great number of pers ...

, and

Christian religion Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus is the Son of God and rose from the dead after his crucifixion, whose coming as the messiah (Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament and chronicled in the New ...

, August 10, 1680 ** Spanish settlers flee Santa Fé for El Paso del Norte, August 21, 1680 ** New Spanish Governor Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras reconquers

, September 14, 1692 * King

grants

William Penn William Penn ( – ) was an English writer, religious thinker, and influential Quakers, Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania during the British colonization of the Americas, British colonial era. An advocate of democracy and religi ...

a charter for the

Province of Pennsylvania The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from ...

, March 4, 1681 *

leases the three lower counties on the Delaware River (

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

) from

James, Duke of York James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II of England, Charles II, on 6 February 1 ...

, March 1682 *

writes the first

Frame of Government of Pennsylvania The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a proto-constitution for the Province of Pennsylvania, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. The Frame of Government has lasting historical importance as an important s ...

(including the three lower counties on the Delaware River), April 2, 1682 *

Dominion of New-England in America The Dominion of New England in America (1686–1689) was a short-lived administrative union of English colonies covering all of New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies, with the exception of the Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvani ...

, June 3, 1686 – May 18, 1689 ** England creates the

to rule the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, the Colony of New-Plymouth, the Province of New-Hampshire, the Province of Main, and the Narraganset Country or King's Province, June 3, 1686 ** England adds the

and the

to the Dominion of New England in America, September 9, 1686 ** England adds the Province of New-York, the Province of East Jersey, and the

to the

, May 7, 1688 ** The government of the

collapses, May 18, 1689. The Colony of Massachusetts Bay, the Colony of New-Plymouth, the Province of New-Hampshire, the Province of Main, the Narraganset Country or King's Province as the

, the

, the Province of New-York, the Province of East Jersey, and the

resume their previous self-governance. *

King William's War King William's War (also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War, Castin's War, or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the War of the Grand Allian ...

, 1689 – September 20, 1697 **

Treaty of Ryswick The Peace of Ryswick, or Rijswijk, was a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Rijswijk between 20 September and 30 October 1697. They ended the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance, which included the Dutc ...

, September 20, 1697

= 1690s

= * English diarchs William III and

Mary II Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England, List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland, and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland with her husband, King William III and II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Sh ...

organize the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of Eng ...

as a

crown colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony governed by Kingdom of England, England, and then Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain or the United Kingdom within the English overseas possessions, English and later British Empire. There was usua ...

including the

, the New-Plymouth Colony,

Martha's Vineyard Martha's Vineyard, often simply called the Vineyard, is an island in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, lying just south of Cape Cod. It is known for being a popular, affluent summer colony, and includes the smaller peninsula Chappaquiddick Isla ...

Nantucket Island Nantucket () is an island in the state of Massachusetts in the United States, about south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined cou ...

, the

Province of Maine The Province of Maine refers to any of the various English overseas possessions, English colonies established in the 17th century along the northeast coast of North America, within portions of the present-day U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire ...

, and the English claims in

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...

, October 7, 1691 *

Governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

Francis Nicholson Lieutenant-General Francis Nicholson (12 November 1655 – ) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of South Carolina from 1721 to 1725. He previously was the Governor of Nova Scotia from 1712 to 1715, ...

moves the capital of the

Province of Maryland The Province of Maryland was an Kingdom of England, English and later British colonization of the Americas, British colony in North America from 1634 until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the A ...

from Saint Mary's City to Anne Arundel's Towne which he renames

Annapolis Annapolis ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland. It is the county seat of Anne Arundel County and its only incorporated city. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east o ...

, 1694

18th century

= 1700s

* England reunites the Province of East Jersey and the

as the Province of New-Jersey *

Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) or the Third Indian War was one in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Gr ...

, 1702 – April 11, 1713 **

Treaty of Utrecht The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaty, peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vac ...

, April 11, 1713 *

grants the three lower counties on the Delaware River their own

General Assembly A general assembly or general meeting is a meeting of all the members of an organization or shareholders of a company. Specific examples of general assembly include: Churches * General Assembly (presbyterian church), the highest court of presby ...

, making

a semi-autonomous region of the

, November 1704 – July 4, 1776 * The

Kingdom of England The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the late 9th century, when it was unified from various Heptarchy, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland to f ...

and the

Kingdom of Scotland The Kingdom of Scotland was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a Anglo-Sc ...

unite to become the

Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingd ...

on May 1, 1707.

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

's colonies become British colonies.

= 1710s

= *

Tuscarora War The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina from September 10, 1711, until February 11, 1715, between the Tuscarora people and their allies on one side and European American settlers, the Yamasee, and other allies on the other. This was con ...

, 1711 – February 11, 1715 * France cedes ''

'' to England with the

, April 11, 1713 *

Yamasee War The Yamasee War (also spelled Yamassee or Yemassee) was a conflict fought in South Carolina from 1715 to 1717 between British settlers from the Province of Carolina and the Yamasee, who were supported by a number of allied Native Americans in ...

, 1715–1717

= 1720s

= *

Dummer's War Dummer's War (1722–1725) (also known as Father Rale's War, Lovewell's War, Greylock's War, the Three Years War, the Wabanaki-New England War, or the Fourth Anglo-Abenaki War) was a series of battles between the New England Colonies and the Wab ...

, 1721–1725

= 1730s

= * King

George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; ; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electorate of Hanover, Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Em ...

grants

James Oglethorpe Lieutenant-General James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) was a British Army officer, Tory politician and colonial administrator best known for founding the Province of Georgia in British North America. As a social refo ...

a charter for the

Province of Georgia The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern Colonies in colonial-era British America. In 1775 it was the last of the Thirteen Colonies to support the American Revolution. The original land grant of the Province of G ...

, April 21, 1732 *

War of Jenkins' Ear The War of Jenkins' Ear was fought by Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and History of Spain (1700–1808), Spain between 1739 and 1748. The majority of the fighting took place in Viceroyalty of New Granada, New Granada and the Caribbean ...

, 1739–1748

= 1740s

= *

King George's War King George's War (1744–1748) is the name given to the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in ...

, 1740 – October 18, 1748 ** Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, October 18, 1748

= 1750s

= * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál San Ignacio de Tubac'' in '' Sonora y Sinaloa'' (now

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

), June 2, 1752 * The

and the

British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...

adopt the

, September 14, 1752 *

French and Indian War The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of France, France, along with their respective Native Americans in the United States, Native American ...

, May 28, 1754 – February 10, 1763 **

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

orders all French

Acadians The Acadians (; , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French colonial empire, French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, most descendants of Acadians live in either the Northern Americ ...

to leave

in '' Le Grand Dérangement'', August 11, 1755 ** Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763

= 1760s

Pontiac's Rebellion Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a confederation of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region follow ...

, 1763–1767 *

Royal Proclamation of 1763 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by British King George III on 7 October 1763. It followed the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally ended the Seven Years' War and transferred French territory in North America to Great Britain. The ...

, October 7, 1763 ** British

Indian Reserve In Canada, an Indian reserve () or First Nations reserve () is defined by the '' Indian Act'' as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." ...

, October 7, 1763 – September 3, 1783 *

War of the Regulation The Regulator Movement in North Carolina, also known as the Regulator Insurrection, War of Regulation, and War of the Regulation, was an uprising in Provincial North Carolina from 1766 to 1771 in which citizens took up arms against colonial offi ...

, 1764–1771 * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de San Diego'' in ''

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

'', May 14, 1769

= 1770s

= * British troops kill five civilians in

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

on March 5, 1770 * Spain establishes colony of ''

Las Californias The Californias (), occasionally known as the Three Californias or the Two Californias, are a region of North America spanning the United States and Mexico, consisting of the U.S. state of California and the Mexican states of Baja California an ...

'', June 3, 1770 – March 26, 1804 ** Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey'' on June 3, 1770 *

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War, also known as Dunmore's War, was a brief conflict in the fall of 1774 between the British Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo in the trans-Appalachia region of the colony south of the Ohio River. Broadly, the war in ...

, 1773–1774 * The

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union 1707, Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a ...

passes the

Massachusetts Government Act The Massachusetts Government Act ( 14 Geo. 3. c. 45) was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, receiving royal assent on 20 May 1774. The act effectively abrogated the 1691 charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and gave its royally-ap ...

on May 20, 1774 ** The

Massachusetts Provincial Congress The Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774–1780) was a provisional government created in the Province of Massachusetts Bay early in the American Revolution. Based on the terms of the colonial charter, it exercised ''de facto'' control over th ...

is organized on October 7, 1774, in response to the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...

, April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 **

Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775 were the first major military actions of the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and Patriot (American Revolution), Patriot militias from America's Thirteen Co ...

on April 19, 1775 ** The

Province of New Hampshire The Province of New Hampshire was an English colony and later a British province in New England. It corresponds to the territory between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers on the eastern coast of North America. It was named after the Englis ...

adopts a

constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...

for an independent

State of New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

, January 5, 1776 ** The

Province of South Carolina The Province of South Carolina, originally known as Clarendon Province, was a province of the Kingdom of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the Thirteen Colonies i ...

adopts a

for an independent

State of South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

on March 15, 1776 ** The

declares its independence from the

on May 4, 1776 ** The

declares its independence from the

on June 18, 1776 ** The

Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia was a British Empire, British colonial settlement in North America from 1606 to 1776. The first effort to create an English settlement in the area was chartered in 1584 and established in 1585; the resulting Roanoke Colo ...

adopts a

for an independent

Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

on June 29, 1776 ** The

Province of New Jersey The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial history of the United States, Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherla ...

adopts a

for an independent

State of New Jersey New Jersey is a state located in both the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the heavily urbanized Northeast megalopolis, it is bordered to the northwest, north, and northeast ...

on July 2, 1776 ** The 13 British North American provinces of

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay is a bay on the Gulf of Maine that forms part of the central coastline of Massachusetts. Description The bay extends from Cape Ann on the north to Plymouth Harbor on the south, a distance of about . Its northern and sout ...

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

and

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

, and

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

united as the United States of America declare their independence from the

on July 4, 1776 ** The Republic of New Connecticut declares its independence from the

on January 15, 1777 ** The Republic of New Connecticut changes its name to

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

on June 2, 1777 **

Battles of Saratoga The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) were two battles between the American Continental Army and the British Army fought near Saratoga, New York, concluding the Saratoga campaign in the American Revolutionary War. The seco ...

on September 19 and October 7, 1777 **

Battle of the Chesapeake The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1 ...

on September 5, 1781 **

Siege of Yorktown The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender at Yorktown, was the final battle of the American Revolutionary War. It was won decisively by the Continental Army, led by George Washington, with support from the Ma ...

, September 28 – October 19, 1781 ** Treaty of Paris signed on September 3, 1783 * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de San Francisco de Asis'' in ''

'', September 17, 1776 * English explorer

James Cook Captain (Royal Navy), Captain James Cook (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer famous for his three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans, conducted between 176 ...

becomes the first European to visit the

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the Hawaii (island), island of Hawaii in the south to nort ...

which he names the Sandwich Islands, January 18, 1778

= 1780s

= * The

Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the fundamental governing document of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the 50 individual states that make up the United States of America. It consists of a preamble, declaration ...

takes effect on October 25, 1780, changing the name of the State of Massachusetts Bay. * Spain establishes '' El Presidio Reál de Santa Barbara'' in ''

'', April 21, 1782 *

Northwest Indian War The Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), also known by other names, was an armed conflict for control of the Northwest Territory fought between the United States and a united group of Native Americans in the United States, Native American na ...

, 1785 – August 3, 1795 **

Treaty of Greenville The Treaty of Greenville, also known to Americans as the Treaty with the Wyandots, etc., but formally titled ''A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas ...

, August 3, 1795 *

Shays' Rebellion Shays's Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester, Massachusetts, Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both in ...

, August 29, 1786 – May 25, 1787 * The

Philadelphia Convention The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia from May 25 to September 17, 1787. While the convention was initially intended to revise the league of states and devise the first system of federal government under the Articles of Conf ...

writes a new

Constitution of the United States The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...

, May 25 – September 17, 1787 * The

Congress of the Confederation The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States from March 1, 1781, until March 3, 1789, during the Confederation ...

organizes the

Territory Northwest of the River Ohio The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and formally known as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, was formed from part of the unorganized western territory of the United States after the American Revolution. Established ...

, July 13, 1787 * The

State of Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey to its northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state' ...

becomes the 1st state to ratify the Constitution, December 7, 1787 * The

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, Maryland to its south, West ...

becomes the 2nd state to ratify the Constitution, December 12, 1787 * The

becomes the 3rd state to ratify the Constitution, December 18, 1787 * The

State of Georgia Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States. It borders Tennessee and North Carolina to the north, South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Florida to the south, and Alabama to the west. Of the 50 U.S. states, Georgia i ...

becomes the 4th state to ratify the Constitution, January 2, 1788 * The

State of Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

becomes the 5th state to ratify the Constitution, January 9, 1788 * The

Commonwealth of Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

becomes the 6th state to ratify the Constitution, February 6, 1788 * The

State of Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

becomes the 7th state to ratify the Constitution, April 28, 1788 * The

becomes the 8th state to ratify the Constitution, May 23, 1788 * The Constitution takes effect when the

becomes the 9th state to ratify the document, June 21, 1788 * The

becomes the 10th state to ratify the Constitution, June 25, 1788 * The

State of New York New York, also called New York State, is a state in the northeastern United States. Bordered by New England to the east, Canada to the north, and Pennsylvania and New Jersey to the south, its territory extends into both the Atlantic Ocean and ...

becomes the 11th state to ratify the Constitution, July 26, 1788 * A new government under the Constitution is formed on March 4, 1789 *

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

becomes the 1st

president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

on April 30, 1789 * The

State of North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

becomes the 12th state to ratify the Constitution, November 21, 1789

= 1790s

= * The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations becomes the 13th state to ratify the Constitution, May 29, 1790 * The

Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic, officially known at the time as the State of Vermont, was an independent state in New England that existed from January 15, 1777, to March 4, 1791. The state was founded in January 1777, when delegates from 28 towns met ...

is admitted to the Union as the

State of Vermont Vermont () is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. According to the mo ...

(the 14th state) on March 4, 1791 *

Whiskey Rebellion The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a violent tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax impo ...

, 1791–1794 * The

United States Bill of Rights The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten list of amendments to the United States Constitution, amendments to the United States Constitution. It was proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the Timeline of dr ...

, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, takes effect on December 15, 1791 * The United States sells the Erie Triangle to the

, March 3, 1792 * The District of Kentucky of the

is admitted to the Union as the

Commonwealth of Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

(the 15th state) on June 1, 1792 * The

Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) is an amendment to the United States Constitution which was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794, and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. The Eleventh Amendment restricts the ability of individuals ...

takes effect, February 7, 1795 * The Territory South of the River Ohio is admitted to the Union as the

State of Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

(the 16th state) on June 1, 1796 *

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before Presidency of John Adams, his presidency, he was a leader of ...

becomes the 2nd president of the United States on March 4, 1797 * The Territory of Mississippi is organized, April 7, 1798 *

Quasi-War The Quasi-War was an undeclared war from 1798 to 1800 between the United States and the French First Republic. It was fought almost entirely at sea, primarily in the Caribbean and off the East Coast of the United States, with minor actions in ...

, 1798–1800

19th century

= 1800s

= * The

Territory of Indiana The Indiana Territory, officially the Territory of Indiana, was created by an organic act that President John Adams signed into law on May 7, 1800, to form an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1800, ...

is organized, May 7, 1800 *

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (, 1743July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was the primary author of the United States Declaration of Indepe ...

becomes the 3rd president of the United States on March 4, 1801 *

First Barbary War The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the 1801–1815 Barbary Wars, in which the United States fought against Ottoman Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war ...

, 1801–1805 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Ohio (the 17th state) on March 1, 1803 * The United States takes possession of the

Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase () was the acquisition of the Louisiana (New France), territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. This consisted of most of the land in the Mississippi River#Watershed, Mississipp ...

, December 20, 1803 * Spain creates the colony of ''

Alta California Alta California (, ), also known as Nueva California () among other names, was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804. Along with the Baja California peninsula, it had previously comprised the province of , but was made a separat ...

'' from northern portion of ''

'', March 26, 1804 – August 24, 1821 *

Lewis and Clark Expedition The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select gro ...

, May 14, 1804 – September 23, 1806 **

reaches the Pacific Ocean, November 18, 1805 * The

Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the president and vice president. It replaced the procedure in Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, under which the Electoral College origi ...

takes effect, June 15, 1804 * Battle of Sitka, October 1804 * The

Territory of Orleans The Territory of Orleans or Orleans Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States, organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from October 1, 1804, until April 30, 1812, when it was Admission to ...

is organized and the

District of Louisiana The District of Louisiana, or Louisiana District, was an official and temporary United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had not been organized into the Territory of Orleans or "Orleans Territory" (the p ...

is created, October 1, 1804 * The

Territory of Michigan The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit ...

is organized, June 30, 1805 * The Territory of Louisiana is organized, July 4, 1805 * Pike Expedition, July 15, 1806 – July 1, 1807 ** Spanish cavalry arrests Pike Expedition, February 26, 1807 * The Territory of Illinois is organized, March 1, 1809 *

James Madison James Madison (June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison was popularly acclaimed as the ...

becomes the 4th president of the United States on March 4, 1809

= 1810s

= *

Mexican War of Independence The Mexican War of Independence (, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from the Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional ...

, September 16, 1810 – August 24, 1821 **

Grito de Dolores The Cry of Dolores () occurred in Dolores, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence. The Cry of Dolores is m ...

on September 16, 1810 **

Treaty of Córdoba The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guar ...

signed on August 24, 1821 * The Republic of West Florida declares its independence from Spain, September 23, 1810 * The United States History of Louisiana#Incorporation into the United States and antebellum years .281803.E2.80.931860.29, unilaterally annexes the Florida Parishes of Spanish Florida Occidental, October 27, 1810 * Tecumseh's War, 1811 * A tremendous 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, earthquake strikes the region around New Madrid, Missouri, New Madrid in the Territory of Louisiana (Missouri), February 7, 1812 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Louisiana (the 18th state) on April 30, 1812 * The Territory of Louisiana is renamed the Territory of Missouri on June 4, 1812 * War of 1812, June 18, 1812 – March 23, 1815 ** The United States declares war on the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on June 18, 1812 ** Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813 ** Battle of Bladensburg on August 24, 1814 ** Burning of Washington on August 24, 1814 ** Battle of Plattsburgh, September 6–11, 1814 ** Battle of Baltimore, September 12–15, 1814 ** Treaty of Ghent signed on December 24, 1814 ** Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815 * Creek War, 1813–1814 * First Seminole War, 1814–1819 * Second Barbary War, March 3, 1815 – December 23, 1816 ** The United States declares war on History of Ottoman Algeria, Algiers, March 3, 1815 * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Indiana (the 19th state) on December 11, 1816 * The Territory of Alabama is organized, March 3, 1817 * James Monroe becomes the 5th president of the United States on March 4, 1817 * The Territory of Mississippi is admitted to the Union as the State of Mississippi (the 20th state) on December 10, 1817 * The Territory of Illinois is admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois (the 21st state) on December 3, 1818. * The Territory of Arkansaw is organized, July 4, 1819 * The Territory of Alabama is admitted to the Union as the State of Alabama (the 22nd state) on December 14, 1819

= 1820s

= * The District of Maine of the

is admitted to the Union as the State of Maine (the 23rd state) on March 15, 1820 * The Adams–Onís Treaty establishes the boundary between the United States and the Kingdom of Spain, February 22, 1821 * The southeastern portion of the Territory of Missouri is admitted to the Union as the State of Missouri (the 24th state) on August 10, 1821. The remainder of the Missouri Territory becomes Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized. * The Territory of Florida is organized, March 30, 1822 * The Russo-American Treaty establishes the boundary between Russian Alaska and the Oregon Country at the parallel 54°40′ north, January 12, 1825 * John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th president of the United States on March 4, 1825 * Winnebago War, 1827 * Andrew Jackson becomes the 7th president of the United States on March 4, 1829

= 1830s

= * Nat Turner's slave rebellion, August 21–22, 1831 * Black Hawk War, 1832 * Second Seminole War, 1835–1842 * Toledo War, 1835–1836 * Texas Revolution, October 2, 1835 – October 2, 1836 ** Battle of the Alamo, February 23, 1836 – March 6, 1836 ** Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836 ** Battle of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836 * Texas-Indian Wars, May 19, 1836 – June 2, 1875 ** Fort Parker massacre, May 19, 1836 ** Council House massacre, March 19, 1840 * The Territory of Arkansaw is admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas (the 25th state) on June 15, 1836 * The Territory of Wisconsin is organized, July 3, 1836 * The United States buys the Platte Purchase from the recently relocated Iowa nation, Iowa, Sac nation, Sac, and Fox nation, Fox nations, September 17, 1836. The purchase includes the region east of the Missouri River, south of Sullivan Line, and west of the mouth of the Kansas River, Kaw (Kansas) River. * The

is admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan (the 26th state) on January 26, 1837 * Martin Van Buren becomes the 8th president of the United States on March 4, 1837 * The Platte Purchase is annexed to the State of Missouri, March 28, 1837 * Mormon War (1838), Missouri Mormon War, August 6 – November 1, 1838 * The Territory of Iowa is organized, July 4, 1838 * Aroostook War, 1838–1839 * Honey War, 1839

= 1840s

= * William Henry Harrison becomes the 9th president of the United States on March 4, 1841 * John Tyler becomes the 10th president of the United States upon the death of William Henry Harrison, President William Henry Harrison on April 4, 1841 * The extralegal Provisional Government of Oregon governs the Oregon Country, May 2, 1843 – August 14, 1848 * Illinois Mormon War, June 7, 1844 – September 17, 1846 ** Death of Joseph Smith, Jr., Assassination of Joseph Smith, Jr. on June 27, 1844 ** Battle of Nauvoo, September 12, 1846 – September 17, 1846 * Treaty of Wanghia, July 3, 1844 * The Territory of Florida is admitted to the Union as the State of Florida (the 27th state) on March 3, 1845 * James K. Polk becomes the 11th president of the United States on March 4, 1845 * The Republic of Texas is admitted to the Union as the State of Texas (the 28th state) on December 29, 1845 * Mexican–American War, April 23, 1846 – February 2, 1848 ** The United States declares war on Mexico#Colonial period .281519.E2.80.931821.29, Mexico, May 11, 1846 ** Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed on February 2, 1848 * James Biddle (commodore), Biddle Expedition arrives at Uraga Harbor in Japan, July 20, 1846 * The southeastern portion of the Territory of Iowa is admitted to the Union as the State of Iowa (the 29th state) on December 28, 1846. The remainder of the Iowa Territory becomes Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized. * Cayuse War, November 29, 1847 – June 11, 1855 ** Walla Walla Council (1855), Walla Walla Treaty, June 11, 1855 * The southeastern portion of the Territory of Wisconsin is admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin (the 30th state) on May 29, 1848. The remainder of the Wisconsin Territory becomes Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized. * The Territory of Oregon is organized, August 14, 1848 * The Territory of Minnesota is organized, March 3, 1849 * The extralegal State of Deseret governs the Great Basin region, May 3, 1849 – September 9, 1850 * Zachary Taylor becomes the 12th president of the United States on March 4, 1849

= 1850s

= * Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th president of the United States upon the death of Zachary Taylor, President Zachary Taylor on July 9, 1850 * The State of California is admitted to the Union as the 31st state on September 9, 1850 * The Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Utah are organized, September 9, 1850 * The Territory of Washington is organized, February 8, 1853 * Franklin Pierce becomes the 14th president of the United States on March 4, 1853 * Black Ships, Perry Expedition arrives at Uraga Harbor in Japan, July 14, 1853 ** Convention of Kanagawa, March 31, 1854 * The Territory of Kansas and the Territory of Nebraska are organized, May 20, 1854 * Sioux Wars, August 19, 1854 – December 29, 1890 ** Grattan massacre, August 19, 1854 ** Wounded Knee Massacre, December 29, 1890 * James Buchanan becomes the 15th president of the United States on March 4, 1857 * Utah War, Utah Mormon War, May 28, 1857 – July 8, 1858 ** Mountain Meadows massacre, September 11, 1857 * The eastern portion of the Territory of Minnesota is admitted to the Union as the State of Minnesota (the 32nd state) on May 11, 1858. The remainder of the Minnesota Territory becomes Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized. * The extralegal Territory of Jefferson governs the Southern Rocky Mountains region, October 24, 1859 – February 28, 1861 * The western portion of the Oregon Territory is admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon (the 33rd state) on February 14, 1859. The remainder of the Oregon Territory is annexed to the Washington Territory.

= 1860s

= * The

becomes the 1st state to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860 * The State of Mississippi becomes the 2nd state to secede from the Union on January 9, 1861 * The State of Florida becomes the 3rd state to secede from the Union on January 10, 1861 * The State of Alabama becomes the 4th state to secede from the Union on January 11, 1861 * The

becomes the 5th state to secede from the Union on January 19, 1861 * The State of Louisiana becomes the 6th state to secede from the Union on January 26, 1861 * The eastern portion of the Territory of Kansas is admitted to the Union as the State of Kansas (the 34th state) on January 29, 1861. The remainder of the Kansas territory becomes Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized. * The State of Texas becomes the 7th state to secede from the Union on February 1, 1861 * The 7 rebellious slave states of South Carolina, Mississippi,

, Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas create the rival Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861 * The Territory of Colorado is organized, February 28, 1861 * The Territory of Nevada is organized, March 2, 1861 * The Territory of Dakota is organized, March 2, 1861 * Abraham Lincoln becomes the 16th president of the United States on March 4, 1861 * A rump government declares itself the Confederate Territory of Arizona on March 16, 1861 *

, April 12, 1861 – May 13, 1865 ** Battle of Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861 – April 13, 1861 ** The

becomes the 8th state to secede from the Union on April 17, 1861 ** Union blockade, Union naval blockade of the Confederacy, April 19, 1861 – April 9, 1865 ** The State of Arkansas becomes the 9th state to secede from the Union on May 6, 1861 ** The

becomes the 8th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 7, 1861 ** The

becomes the 10th state to secede from the Union on May 20, 1861 ** The State of Arkansas becomes the 9th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 18, 1861 ** The

becomes the 10th state admitted to the Confederacy on May 21, 1861 ** The

becomes the 11th state to secede from the Union on June 8, 1861 ** The

becomes the 11th state admitted to the Confederacy on July 2, 1861 ** First Battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861 ** A rump government claiming to represent the State of Missouri declares its secession from the Union on October 31, 1861 ** A rump government claiming to represent the

declares its secession from the Union on November 20, 1861 ** The rump government of the State of Missouri becomes the 12th state admitted to the Confederacy on November 28, 1861 ** The rump government of the

becomes the 13th state admitted to the Confederacy on December 10, 1861 ** The rump government of the Confederate Territory of Arizona becomes the only Confederate States of America, Confederate Territory on February 14, 1862 ** Battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862 – April 7, 1862 ** Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862 ** The Territory of Arizona is organized, February 24, 1863 ** The Territory of Idaho is organized, March 4, 1863 ** Siege of Vicksburg, May 18, 1863 – July 4, 1863 ** The northwestern region of the

is admitted to the Union as the State of West Virginia (the 35th state) on June 20, 1863 ** Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863 – July 3, 1863 ** Abraham Lincoln, President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1863 ** Atlanta Campaign, Siege of Atlanta, May 7, 1864 – September 2, 1864 ** The Territory of Montana is organized, May 28, 1864 ** The State of Nevada is admitted to the Union as the 36th state on October 31, 1864 ** Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865 ** Abraham Lincoln assassination, Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865 *** President Abraham Lincoln dies on April 15, 1865 *** Andrew Johnson becomes 17th president of the United States on April 15, 1865 * The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, December 18, 1865 * The

becomes the 1st Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866 * The Territory of Nebraska is admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska (the 37th state) on March 1, 1867 * Andrew Johnson, President Andrew Johnson is Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, impeached by the United States House of Representatives, February 24, 1868 ** Andrew Johnson, President Andrew Johnson is Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, acquitted by the United States Senate, May 16, 1868 * The State of Arkansas becomes the 2nd Confederate State readmitted to the Union on June 22, 1868 * The State of Florida becomes the 3rd Confederate State readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868 * The

becomes the 4th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 4, 1868 * The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, July 9, 1868 * The State of Louisiana becomes the 5th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868 * The

becomes the 6th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868 * The State of Alabama becomes the 7th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 13, 1868 * The Territory of Wyoming is organized, July 25, 1868 * Ulysses S. Grant becomes the 18th president of the United States on March 4, 1869 * The Transcontinental railroad is completed on May 10, 1869

= 1870s

= * The

becomes the 8th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on January 26, 1870 * The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, February 3, 1870 * The State of Mississippi becomes the 9th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on February 23, 1870 * The State of Texas becomes the 10th Confederate State readmitted to the Union on March 30, 1870 * The

becomes the 11th and last Confederate State readmitted to the Union on July 15, 1870 * The United States United States expedition to Korea, attacks Korea, June 10, 1871 – July 3, 1871 * Black Hills War, March 17, 1876 – 1877 ** Battle of the Little Bighorn, June 25, 1876 – June 26, 1876 * The nation celebrates the Centennial of the United States of America despite news from the Little Bighorn, July 4, 1876 * The Territory of Colorado is admitted to the Union as the State of Colorado (the 38th state) on August 1, 1876 * Rutherford B. Hayes becomes the 19th president of the United States on March 4, 1877

= 1880s

= * James A. Garfield becomes the 20th president of the United States on March 4, 1881 * Chester A. Arthur becomes the 21st president of the United States upon the James A. Garfield assassination, assassination of President James Garfield on September 19, 1881 * The portion of the Dakota Territory south of the 42nd parallel north and west of the Missouri River is annexed to the State of Nebraska, March 28, 1882 * Grover Cleveland becomes the 22nd president of the United States on March 4, 1885 * Benjamin Harrison becomes the 23rd president of the United States on March 4, 1889 * The Territory of Dakota is admitted to the Union as the State of North Dakota and the State of South Dakota (the 39th state and the 40th state) on November 2, 1889The states of North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted to the Union at precisely the same time. Since the names of the new states were officially published in alphabetical order, it has been customary to consider North Dakota to be the 39th state and South Dakota to be the 40th state. * The Territory of Montana is admitted to the Union as the State of Montana (the 41st state) on November 8, 1889 * The Territory of Washington is admitted to the Union as the State of Washington (the 42nd state) on November 11, 1889

= 1890s

= * The Territory of Oklahoma is organized, May 2, 1890 * The Territory of Idaho is admitted to the Union as the State of Idaho (the 43rd state) on July 3, 1890 * The Territory of Wyoming is admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming (the 44th state) on July 10, 1890 * Grover Cleveland becomes the 24th (as well as the 22nd) president of the United States on March 4, 1893 * The Territory of Utah is admitted to the Union as the State of Utah (the 45th state) on January 4, 1896 * William McKinley becomes the 25th president of the United States on March 4, 1897 * Spanish–American War, April 23 – August 12, 1898 ** Teller Amendment blocks United States annexation of Cuba, April 20, 1898 ** The Spanish Empire declares war on the United States, April 23, 1898 ** 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay, Invasion of Guantánamo Bay, June 6, 1898 – June 10, 1898 ** Capture of Guam, June 20, 1898 – June 21, 1898 ** Battle of Santiago de Cuba, July 3, 1898 ** Puerto Rican Campaign, Invasion of Puerto Rico, July 25, 1898 – August 13, 1898 ** Protocol of Peace signed on August 12, 1898 ** Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898 *** The United States annexes the Philippines, Porto Rico (sic), and Guam, December 10, 1898 *** The United States formally occupies Cuba, January 1, 1899 – May 20, 1902 ** Platt Amendment promotes United States hegemony of Cuba, March 2, 1901 * The Territory of Hawaii is organized, July 7, 1898 * Second Samoan Civil War, August 22, 1898 – November 14, 1899 ** Anglo-German Samoa Convention, November 14, 1899 *** The United States annexes Eastern Samoa, December 2, 1899 * Philippine–American War, June 2, 1899 – June 15, 1913 ** Philippine Declaration of Independence, June 12, 1898 ** The Philippines declares war on the United States, June 2, 1899 ** Moro Rebellion, May 2, 1902 – June 15, 1913 ** Philippine Organic Act (1902), Organic Act for the Philippine Islands, July 1, 1902 ** Theodore Roosevelt, President Theodore Roosevelt declares the end of Philippine–American War, July 4, 1902 * Boxer Rebellion, November 2, 1899 – September 7, 1901 ** The Society of Right and Harmonious Fists attacks Beijing, June 20, 1900 ** The Eight-Nation Alliance relieves Beijing, August 14, 1900 ** The Boxer Protocol is imposed on China, September 7, 1901

20th century

= 1900s

= * A Galveston Hurricane of 1900, hurricane strikes Galveston, Texas, killing approximately 8,000 people, September 8, 1900 * Theodore Roosevelt becomes the 26th president of the United States upon the William McKinley assassination, assassination of President William McKinley on September 14, 1901 * The United States recognizes the independence of the Republic of Cuba, May 20, 1902 ** The United States formally ends its occupation of Cuba, May 20, 1902 * The United States seizes opportunity to build a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama, January 22, 1903 – August 15, 1914 ** The United States and the Republic of Colombia sign the Hay–Herrán Treaty, January 22, 1903 ** The Congress of Colombia rejects the Hay–Herrán Treaty, August 12, 1903 ** The United States Navy gunboat diplomacy, patrol gunboat USS Nashville (PG-7), USS Nashville blocks Colombian attempts to suppress a Panamanian separatist movement, October 26, 1903 – March 4, 1904 ** The Republic of Panama declares its independence from the Republic of Colombia, November 3, 1903 ** United States Marine Corps, United States Marines occupy region around proposed canal, November 4, 1903 – January 21, 1914 ** The United States and the Republic of Panama sign the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, November 18, 1903 *** The United States annexes the Panama Canal Zone, November 18, 1903 * A tremendous 1906 San Francisco earthquake, earthquake strikes the San Francisco region, April 18, 1906 * The United States reoccupies Cuba, September 29, 1906 – January 28, 1909 * The Territory of Oklahoma is admitted to the Union as the State of Oklahoma (the 46th state) on November 16, 1907 * William Howard Taft becomes the 27th president of the United States on March 4, 1909

= 1910s

= * The Territory of New Mexico is admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico (the 47th state) on January 6, 1912 * The Territory of Arizona is admitted to the Union as the State of Arizona (the 48th state) on February 14, 1912 * The District of Alaska is reorganized as the Territory of Alaska, August 24, 1912 * The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, February 3, 1913 * Woodrow Wilson becomes the 28th president of the United States on March 4, 1913 * The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, April 8, 1913 * The United States occupation of Veracruz, April 21, 1914 – November 23, 1914 * The Panama Canal opens to shipping, August 15, 1914 * The United States occupation of Haiti, July 28, 1915 – August 11, 1934 * Doroteo Arango Arámbula (Pancho Villa) orders Raid on Columbus, raid on Columbus, New Mexico, March 9, 1916 * John J. Pershing, General John Pershing leads Pancho Villa Expedition, Mexican Expedition, March 14, 1916 – February 7, 1917 * The United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24), United States occupation of the Dominican Republic, May 16, 1916 – July 13, 1924 * The Danish West Indies#History, United States purchases the Danish West Indies from Denmark, January 17, 1917 *

, June 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 ** The United States declares war on the German Empire, German Reich, April 6, 1917 ** Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), Armistice with Germany, November 11, 1918 ** The Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations are signed, June 28, 1919 ** The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles primarily because of Article X of the Covenant of the League of Nations, March 20, 1920 ** The United States Congress declares end of war, July 2, 1921 * Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, May 26, 1918 – April 1, 1920 ** The American Expeditionary Force Siberia, August 15, 1918 – April 1, 1920 ** The American Expeditionary Force North Russia, September 4, 1918 – August 5, 1919 * The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, January 29, 1919

= 1920s

= * The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, August 18, 1920 * Warren G. Harding becomes the 29th president of the United States on March 4, 1921 * Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States upon the death of Warren G. Harding, President Warren Harding on August 2, 1923 * Hurricane San Felipe Segundo strikes the Leeward Islands,

, the Bahamas, and

killing more than 4,000 people, September 6, 1928 – September 20, 1928 * Herbert Hoover becomes the 31st president of the United States on March 4, 1929 * Great Depression, September 3, 1929 – September 1, 1939 ** Wall Street Crash of 1929, Wall Street Crash, September 3, 1929 – July 8, 1932 *** Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929

= 1930s

= * The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, January 23, 1933 * Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the 32nd president of the United States on March 4, 1933 * The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, December 5, 1933

= 1940s

= * The United States assumes the defense of Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat), April 9, 1941 – 1946 * The United States assumes the defense of Iceland, July 27, 1941 – 1946 * The United States and Brazil assume the defense of Surinam (Dutch colony), Surinam, November 24, 1941 – 1946 *

, September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 ** The Empire of Japan Japanese invasion of Manchuria, invades Manchuria, September 19, 1931 ** The Italian Colonial Empire#World War II (1940–1943), Italian Empire Second Italo-Abyssinian War, invades Ethiopia, October 3, 1935 ** The Nazi Germany, German Reich Invasion of Poland (1939), invades Poland, September 1, 1939 ** The Empire of Japan Attack on Pearl Harbor, attacks Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 ** The United States declares war on the Empire of Japan, December 8, 1941 ** The Nazi Germany, German Reich declares war on the United States, December 11, 1941 ** The United States declares war on the Nazi Germany, German Reich and the Italian Colonial Empire#World War II (1940–1943), Italian Empire, December 11, 1941 ** Aleutian Islands Campaign, June 3, 1942 – August 15, 1943 ** The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania, June 5, 1942 ** Allies of World War II, Allied Forces Allied invasion of Sicily, invade Sicily, July 9, 1943 ** Allied Forces Allied invasion of Italy, invade Italy, September 3, 1943 ** Italy secretly signs an Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, armistice with Allied Forces, September 3, 1943 ** Allied Forces Invasion of Normandy, invade Normandy, June 6, 1944 ** Japan launches Fu-Go balloon bombs into the northwestern United States, November 3, 1944 – April 15, 1945 ** Allied Forces Battle of Okinawa, invade Okinawa, March 18, 1945 ** German Instrument of Surrender signed May 7 and 8, 1945 ** The United States tests the first atomic bomb at the Trinity (nuclear test), Trinity Site in New Mexico, July 16, 1945 ** The United States drops an Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Hiroshima, atomic bomb on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 ** The United States drops an Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Nagasaki, atomic bomb on Nagasaki, August 9, 1945 ** Japanese Instrument of Surrender signed September 2, 1945 * Harry S. Truman becomes the 33rd president of the United States upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Franklin Roosevelt on April 12, 1945 * The United States and 50 other nations form the United Nations, October 24, 1945 * The League of Nations ceases operation, April 20, 1946 *

, March 5, 1946 – December 25, 1991 ** Berlin Blockade, June 24, 1948 – May 11, 1949 *** Berlin Airlift, June 25, 1948 – September 30, 1949

= 1950s

= * Korean War, June 25, 1950 – July 27, 1953 ** North Korea invades South Korea, June 25, 1950 ** The United Nations invade North Korea, September 15, 1950 ** China invades North Korea, November 1, 1950 ** China invades South Korea, January 1, 1951 ** Korean War#Stalemate (July 1951–July 1953), Korean Armistice Agreement signed July 27, 1953 * The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, February 27, 1951 * Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the 34th president of the United States on January 20, 1953 * The Territory of Alaska is admitted to the Union as the State of Alaska (the 49th state) on January 3, 1959 * Vietnam War, September 26, 1959 – April 30, 1975 ** The United States sends military advisors to the Republic of Vietnam, February 12, 1955 ** The United States and the Vietnam People's Army wage covert war in Laos, October 1962 – 1975 ** The United States begins Operation Pierce Arrow, bombing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, August 2, 1964 ** The United States Vietnam War#American ground war, sends regular ground troops to the Republic of Vietnam, March 8, 1965 ** Battle of Khe Sanh, January 21 – April 8, 1968 ** Tet Offensive, January 30 – September 23, 1968 *** Battle of Hue, January 30 – March 3, 1968 ** The United States covertly bombs Vietnam People's Army military targets in Cambodia, 1968–1970 ** Battle of Hamburger Hill, May 10–20, 1969 ** The United States and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Cambodian Campaign, invade Cambodia, April 29 – July 22, 1970 ** Paris Peace Accords, January 27, 1973 ** The United States Vietnam War#U.S. exit and final campaigns, 1973–1975, removes regular ground troops from the Republic of Vietnam, March 27, 1973 ** Fall of Saigon, April 30, 1975 * The Territory of Hawaii is admitted to the Union as the State of Hawaiʻi (the 50th state) on August 21, 1959

= 1960s

= * Cuba confiscates property of United States companies and citizens, July 5, 1960 * John F. Kennedy becomes the 35th president of the United States on January 20, 1961 * The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, March 29, 1961 * Cuban exiles supported by the United States Bay of Pigs Invasion, invade Cuba, April 17–19, 1961 * United States embargo against Cuba, since February 7, 1962 * Cuban Missile Crisis, October 15–28, 1962 ** United States naval quarantine of Cuba, October 24 – December 31, 1962 * Lyndon B. Johnson becomes the 36th president of the United States upon the John F. Kennedy assassination, assassination of President John Kennedy on November 22, 1963 * The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, January 23, 1964 * A tremendous Good Friday earthquake, earthquake strikes the region around Anchorage, Alaska, on Good Friday, March 27, 1964 * The United States and allies Operation Power Pack, invade the Dominican Republic, April 28, 1965 – September 1966 * The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, February 10, 1967 * Richard Nixon becomes the 37th president of the United States on January 20, 1969 * Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin are first people to walk on the Moon, July 20–21, 1969

= 1970s

= * The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, July 1, 1971 * Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt are the last Apollo program, Apollo astronauts to walk on the Moon, December 11–14, 1972 * The United States Operation Nickel Grass, airlifts military supplies to Israel during the Yom Kippur War, October 12 – November 14, 1973 * Gerald Ford becomes the 38th president of the United States upon the resignation of Richard Nixon, President Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974 * The nation celebrates the Bicentennial of the United States of America, July 4, 1976 * Jimmy Carter becomes the 39th president of the United States on January 20, 1977 * Iran hostage crisis, November 4, 1979 – January 20, 1981 * The United States transfers sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone back to the Republic of Panama, October 1, 1979

= 1980s

= * Mount St. Helens erupts, May 18, 1980 * Ronald Reagan becomes the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981 * The United States joins Multinational Force in Lebanon, August 29, 1982 – February 26, 1984 ** 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, Truck bombings kill 307 in Beirut, October 23, 1983 * The United States Invasion of Grenada, invades Grenada, October 25 – December 15, 1983 * The United States pursues the Strategic Defense Initiative, March 27, 1984 – May 13, 1993 ** Ronald Reagan, President Ronald Reagan presents Star Wars speech, March 23, 1983 * Black Monday (1987), Black Monday, October 19, 1987 * Somali Civil War, since 1988 ** The United Nations intervenes in the Somali Civil War, July 27, 1992 – March 3, 1995 *** The United States leads the Unified Task Force, December 9, 1992 – May 4, 1993 *** The United States deploys independent Task Force Ranger, August 8, 1993 – March 31, 1994 **** Battle of Mogadishu (1993), Battle of Mogadishu, October 3–4, 1993 * George H. W. Bush becomes the 41st president of the United States on January 20, 1989 * The United States United States invasion of Panama, invades Panama, December 20, 1989 – February 13, 1990

= 1990s

= * Gulf War, Persian Gulf War, August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991 ** The Republic of Iraq invades the State of Kuwait, August 2, 1990 ** The United States and allies Gulf War#Coalition forces enter Iraq, invade Kuwait and Iraq, February 24, 1991 * The United States and allies enforce a Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq north of the 36th parallel north, April 7, 1991 – December 31, 1996 * War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 1, 1992 – December 14, 1995 ** The United Nations airlifts humanitarian aid to Bosnia and Hercegovina, July 2, 1992 – January 9, 1996 ** NATO enforces ban on unauthorized military flights over Bosnia and Hercegovina, April 13, 1993 – August 30, 1995 ** NATO 1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, bombs Bosnian Serb Army in Bosnia and Herzegovina, August 30 – September 20, 1995 * The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution takes effect, May 5, 1992 * The United States and allies enforce a Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq south of the 32nd parallel north, August 27, 1992 – September 4, 1996 * Bill Clinton becomes the 42nd president of the United States on January 20, 1993 * The United States contributes troops for United Nations peacekeeping in Macedonia (country), Macedonia, July 9, 1993 – * The United States and allies Operation Uphold Democracy, invade Haiti, September 19, 1994 – March 31, 1995 *

, January 4, 1995 – March 10, 2000 * Kosovo War, April 22, 1996 – June 11, 1999 ** NATO 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, bombs the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, March 24 – June 10, 1999 * The United States and allies enforce an expanded Iraqi no-fly zones, no-fly zone over Iraq south of the 33rd parallel north, September 4, 1996 – April 30, 2003 * Al-Qaeda simultaneously bombs United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, August 7, 1998. The car bombs kill 223 people and injure more than 4000. * The United States and the United Kingdom Bombing of Iraq (December 1998), bomb Iraq, December 16, 1998 – December 19, 1998 * The United States House of Representatives Impeachment of Bill Clinton, impeaches Bill Clinton, President Bill Clinton, December 19, 1998 ** The United States Senate Impeachment of Bill Clinton, acquits President Bill Clinton, February 12, 1999 * The United States transfers ownership of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama, December 31, 1999

21st century

= 2000s

= * Dot-com collapse on March 10, 2000 – October 10, 2002. *

, 2000–2006. * Al-Qaeda USS Cole bombing, attack on the USS Cole at Aden in Yemen on October 12, 2000. * George W. Bush becomes the 43rd president of the United States on January 20, 2001. * Al-Qaeda September 11 attacks, attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. * War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War in Afghanistan, October 7, 2001 – August 30, 2021. ** The United States and allies United States invasion of Afghanistan, invade Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. ** The War in Afghanistan ended with the remaining troops leaving the country on August 30, 2021. * George W. Bush, President George W. Bush declares Iran, Iraq, and North Korea to be the "Axis of Evil" on January 29, 2002. * Iraq War, March 20, 2003 – December 15, 2011. ** The United States and allies 2003 invasion of Iraq, invade Iraq on March 20, 2003. ** The Iraq War is declared formally over on December 15, 2011. * Hurricane Katrina strikes

on August 25 and Louisiana and Mississippi on August 29, 2005. Subsequent failure of drainage canals floods 80% of New Orleans. * United States housing bubble, United States housing collapse since 2006. * 2008 financial crisis. * Barack Obama becomes the 44th president of the United States on January 20, 2009. * Tea Party movement begins in 2009.

= 2010s

= * First Libyan Civil War, Libyan Rebellion in 2011. * The United States and allies enforce no-fly zone over Libya, March 19, 2011 – October 31, 2011. * Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda and the mastermind of the September 11 attacks, is killed in Pakistan by United States Navy SEALs, Navy SEALs on May 2, 2011. * Donald Trump becomes the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017.

= 2020s

= * The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, COVID-19 pandemic shuts down most businesses and activities, arriving on January 13, 2020. * Following the 2020 United States Presidential Election, a pro-Donald Trump, Trump mob January 6 United States Capitol attack, attacks the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. * Joe Biden becomes the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021. * The War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War in Afghanistan ends following a 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan, withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021. * Donald Trump becomes the 47th president of the United States on January 20, 2025.

By region

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By subject

History books

Books on the history of the United States: * ''A History of Money and Banking in the United States (book), A History of Money and Banking in the United States'' * ''A Monetary History of the United States'' * ''A Patriot's History of the United States'' * ''A People's History of the United States'' * ''Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States'' * ''Land of Promise: An Economic History of the United States'' * ''The History of the United States of America 1801–1817'' * ''Oxford History of the United States'' * ''The Penguin History of the United States of America'' * ''Voices of a People's History of the United States''

Cultural history of the United States

* Cultural history of the United States ** History of immigration to the United States ** Music history of the United States *** Music history of the United States during the colonial era *** Music history of the United States to the Civil War *** Music of the American Civil War *** Music history of the United States in the late 19th century *** Music history of the United States (1900–1940) *** Music history of the United States in the 1950s *** Music history of the United States in the 1960s *** Music history of the United States in the 1970s *** Music history of the United States in the 1980s ** History of people in the United States *** African-American history *** History of Asian Americans **** History of Chinese Americans **** History of Japanese Americans **** Military history of Asian Americans *** Disability rights movement#In the USA, History of disability rights in the United States **** Timeline of disability rights in the United States *** History of Hispanic and Latino Americans **** History of Mexican Americans *** History of the Jews in the United States **** History of antisemitism in the United States **** History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century *** LGBT history in the United States **** Bisexuality in the United States **** History of gay men in the United States **** History of lesbianism in the United States **** Transgender history in the United States **** History of violence against LGBT people in the United States *** History of Native Americans in the United States *** History of Filipino nurses in the United States *** History of the Poles in the United States *** History of women in the United States **** History of lesbianism in the United States **** Women's suffrage in the United States *** History of youth in the United States **** History of youth rights in the United States **** Timeline of young people's rights in the United States ** History of religion in the United States *** History of Christianity in the United States **** History of the Latter Day Saint movement **** History of Roman Catholicism in the United States ***** Catholic Church in the United States#History, History of the Catholic Church in the United States ****** 19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States ****** 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States **** History of Protestantism in the United States ***** History of the Episcopal Church (United States) ***** History of Methodism in the United States ** History of sports in the United States *** History of baseball in the United States *** History of basketball *** History of United States cricket *** History of American football *** History of golf in the United States *** History of ice hockey in the United States **** History of the National Hockey League on United States television **** History of women's ice hockey in the United States *** United States at the Olympics *** History of rugby union in the United States **** History of rugby union matches between Canada and the United States **** History of rugby union matches between Ireland and the United States *** History of soccer in the United States **** History of the United States men's national soccer team *** History of professional wrestling in the United States ** History of time in the United States ** History of American cuisine *** History of the hamburger in the United States ** Architecture of the United States *** History of fountains in the United States

Economic history of the United States

* Economic history of the United States ** History of tariffs in the United States ** History of banking in the United States *** History of central banking in the United States *** History of investment banking in the United States ** United States technological and industrial history, Industrial history of the United States *** History of agriculture in the United States **** History of commercial tobacco in the United States **** Early history of food regulation in the United States **** History of the lumber industry in the United States ***** History of the United States Forest Service ***** History of wildfire suppression in the United States *** History of energy in the United States **** History of coal mining in the United States **** History of the petroleum industry in the United States *** History of transport in the United States **** History of rail transport in the United States **** History of street lighting in the United States **** History of turnpikes and canals in the United States **** History of the trucking industry in the United States ** Labor history of the United States ** History of monetary policy in the United States ** History of the United States public debt *** History of the United States debt ceiling ** History of United States–Middle East economic relations ** Numismatic history of the United States (currency) *** History of the United States dollar ** List of recessions in the United States, Recessions in the United States ** List of disasters in the United States by death toll *** List of natural disasters in the United States *** History of hotel fires in the United States

History of education in the United States

* History of education in the United States ** Bibliography of the history of education in the United States ** History of Catholic education in the United States ** History of deaf education in the United States

Geographic history of the United States

* Demographic history of the United States * Timeline of the geologic history of the United States, Geologic history of the United States * Territorial evolution of the United States

History of health care in the United States

* History of medicine in the United States * History of health care reform in the United States

Historiography of the United States

* Historiography of the United States

Maritime history of the United States

* Maritime history of the United States (1776–1799) * Maritime history of the United States (1800–1899) * Maritime history of the United States (1900–1999) * Maritime history of the United States (2000–present)

Political history of the United States

* Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence * History of the United States Constitution * History of the United States government ** List of presidents of the United States, Presidents of the United States ***

: 1789–1797 ***

: 1797–1801 ***

: 1801–1809 ***

: 1809–1817 *** James Monroe: 1817–1825 *** John Quincy Adams: 1825–1829 *** Andrew Jackson: 1829–1837 *** Martin Van Buren: 1837–1841 *** William Henry Harrison: 1841 *** John Tyler: 1841–1845 *** James K. Polk: 1845–1849 *** Zachary Taylor: 1849–1850 *** Millard Fillmore: 1850–1853 *** Franklin Pierce: 1853–1857 *** James Buchanan: 1857–1861 *** Abraham Lincoln: 1861–1865 *** Andrew Johnson: 1865–1869 *** Ulysses S. Grant: 1869–1877 *** Rutherford B. Hayes: 1877–1881 *** James A. Garfield: 1881 *** Chester A. Arthur: 1881–1885 *** Grover Cleveland: 1885–1889 *** Benjamin Harrison: 1889–1893 *** Grover Cleveland: 1893–1897 *** William McKinley: 1897–1901 *** Theodore Roosevelt: 1901–1909 *** William H. Taft: 1909–1913 *** Woodrow Wilson: 1913–1921 *** Warren Harding: 1921–1923 *** Calvin Coolidge: 1923–1929 *** Herbert Hoover: 1929–1933 *** Franklin D. Roosevelt: 1933–1945 *** Harry S. Truman: 1945–1953 *** Dwight D. Eisenhower: 1953–1961 *** John F. Kennedy: 1961–1963 *** Lyndon B. Johnson: 1963–1969 *** Richard M. Nixon: 1969–1974 *** Gerald Ford: 1974–1977 *** Jimmy Carter: 1977–1981 *** Ronald Reagan: 1981–1989 *** George H. W. Bush: 1989–1993 *** Bill Clinton: 1993–2001 *** George W. Bush: 2001–2009 *** Barack Obama: 2009–2017 *** Donald Trump: 2017–2021 *** Joe Biden: 2021–2025 *** Donald Trump: 2025–present ** History of the United States Congress *** History of the United States House of Representatives *** History of the United States Senate ** History of the Supreme Court of the United States ** History of the United States National Security Council ** Postage stamps and postal history of the United States *** History of United States postage rates ** History of the flags of the United States * History of homeland security in the United States * History of United States foreign policy ** Timeline of United States diplomatic history, Diplomatic history of the United States *** History of United States diplomatic relations by country ** List of United States treaties, United States treaties * Labor history of the United States ** History of union busting in the United States ** History of cooperatives in the United States * History of law in the United States ** History of United States antitrust law ** History of bankruptcy law in the United States ** History of civil rights in the United States *** Civil rights movement (1896–1954) *** Civil rights movement *** Timeline of civil marriage in the United States ** History of United States drug prohibition *** Legal history of cannabis in the United States ** History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States ** Legal history of income tax in the United States ** History of labor law in the United States ** History of United States patent law ** History of United States prison systems * Military history of the United States ** List of United States military history events *** List of conflicts in the United States, Conflicts in the United States ***

** Military history of the United States during World War II ** History of the branches of the United States military *** History of the United States Air Force *** History of the United States Army **** History of the United States Army Special Forces *** History of the United States Coast Guard *** History of the United States Marine Corps *** History of the United States Navy **** ''History of United States Naval Operations in World War II'' (book series) *** History of the United States Merchant Marine *** History of United States Navy ratings ** History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces ** History of the United States Military Academy ** History of military nutrition in the United States ** History of segregation in the United States Armed Forces * Nuclear history of the United States * History of United States political parties ** History of the United States Democratic Party ** History of the Green Party of the United States ** History of the Libertarian Party (United States) *** Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States) ** History of the United States Republican Party ** Electoral history of the Constitution Party (United States) * History of lobbying in the United States * Social class in American history * History of Social Security in the United States * History of the socialist movement in the United States * History of direct democracy in the United States * History of conservatism in the United States * History of left-wing politics in the United States * History of ethnocultural politics in the United States

History of science in the United States

* History of science in the United States * History of paleontology in the United States

References

External links

* {{Timeline of United States history United States history timelines, History outline History of the United States, *outline History of the United States by topic United States history-related lists, Outlines of history and events, United States Outlines, United States

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Named eras and periods

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15th century

= 1490s

16th century

= 1500s

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17th century

= 1600s

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18th century

= 1700s

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19th century

= 1800s

= 1810s

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= 1830s

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= 1890s

20th century

= 1900s

= 1910s

= 1920s

= 1930s

= 1940s

= 1950s

= 1960s

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= 1980s

= 1990s

21st century

= 2000s

= 2010s

= 2020s

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By subject

History books

Cultural history of the United States

Economic history of the United States

History of education in the United States

Geographic history of the United States

History of health care in the United States

Historiography of the United States

Maritime history of the United States

Political history of the United States

History of science in the United States

See also

References

Further reading

External links