Timeline Of Entomology – 1800–1850
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Entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
, the study of insects, progressed between 1800 and 1850, with the publication of important texts, definition of new orders such as Aphaniptera and
Strepsiptera The Strepsiptera () are an order of insects with eleven extant families that include about 600 described species. They are endoparasites of other insects, such as bees, wasps, leafhoppers, Zygentoma, silverfish, and cockroaches. Females of most s ...
, and the shift to specialization. The following timeline indicates significant events in entomology in this time period.


19th century

Around the beginning of the 19th century, systematists began to specialise. There remained entomological polyhistors – those who continued to work on the insect fauna as a whole. From the beginning of the century, however, the specialist began to predominate, harbingered by
Johann Wilhelm Meigen Johann Wilhelm Meigen (3 May 1764 – 11 July 1845) was a German entomologist famous for his pioneering work on Diptera. Life Early years Meigen was born in Solingen, the fifth of eight children of Johann Clemens Meigen and Sibylla Margare ...
's ''Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux aile'' (New classification of the Diptera) commenced in the first year of the century.
Lepidopterists Lepidopterology ()) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the two superfamilies of butterflies. Someone who studies in this field is a lepidopterist or, archaically, an aurelian. Origins Post-Renaissance, the r ...
were amongst the first to follow Meigen's lead. The specialists fell into three categories. First there were
species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
describers, then specialists in species recognition and then specialists in gross
taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...
. There were however considerable degrees of overlap. Also then, as now, few could entirely resist the lure of groups other than their own, and this was especially true of those in small countries where they were the sole 'expert', and many famous specialists in one order also worked on others. Hence, for instance, many works which began as butterfly faunas were completed as general regional works, often collaboratively. "Man is born not to solve the problems of the universe, but to find out where the problem begins, and then to restrain himself within the limits of the comprehensible"
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...
''Conversations with Eckerman: Feb. 13, 1829'' 1800 * Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck first expressed his views on evolution in lectures. * The total number of species of insects described is estimated at not exceeding the figure of 20 000. 1801 *Publication of Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck. ''Système des animaux sans vertèbres ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux''. Paris:Deterville in English, 'System of invertebrate animals or general table of classes, orders and genera of these animals' *
Johan Christian Fabricius Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ...
''Systema eleutheratorum'' commenced. In a series of successive works to 1806
Johan Christian Fabricius Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ...
developed a classificatory system based entirely on the structure of the mouthparts. *
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (19 November 1775 – 10 May 1813) was a German entomologist and zoologist. He founded the entomological periodical ''Magazin für Insektenkunde.'' The plant genus '' Illigera'' is named in his honour. Biography Illi ...
's ''Magazin für Insectenkunde''or Insect Magazine commenced in Brunswick (last issue 1856). One of the first insect magazines. *Marie Françoise Xavier Bichat. ''Traité d’anatomie descriptive'', in English, 'Treatise on descriptive anatomy published in Paris'. This work laid the foundations of a unified structural terminology. * The Aurelian Society meets in London ''"To form a complete and standard cabinet of the entomological productions of Great Britain:- to ascertain their names, uses, and distinctions:-the places and times of their appearance, food economy and peculiarities :- and to point out to the public the readiest and most desirable methods of destroying such as possess properties that are inimical to the welfare of mankind"'' *First part of
Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ...
's Historie naturelle, ''générale et particulièredes crustacés et des insects'' in English, 'General and particular natural history of crustaceans and insects', published in Paris by Dufart. 5817 pp.(14 volumes last published in 1805). In this and succeeding works (1806–1809, 1810, 1825, 1829 Latreille, following Linnaeus, divides the insects into Orders(at first these are called classes), invented the important family concept and also the tribus, proposed the families
Asilidae The Asilidae are the robber fly family, also called assassin flies. They are powerfully built, bristly flies with a short, stout proboscis enclosing the sharp, sucking Insect mouthparts#Hypopharynx, hypopharynx. The name "robber flies" reflects t ...
,
Muscidae Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea. Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due to their synanthropy, are worldwide in distribution and contain almost 4,000 described species i ...
, Syrphidae and
Tabanidae Horse flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only females bite land vertebrates, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunli ...
(Diptera) as supra generic and erected the insect orders: Parasita, Perliarae, Megaloptera and Panorpatae. * Lamarck and
Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (4 February 1776, Bremen – 16 February 1837, Bremen) was a German physician, naturalist, and proto-evolutionary biologist. His younger brother, Ludolph Christian Treviranus (1779–1864), was also a naturalist a ...
, separately proposed term "biology" for the whole science of living things. * Pietro Rossi becomes the world's first professor of entomology in
Pisa Pisa ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Tuscany, Central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for the Leaning Tow ...
. 1802 *
Charles Nicholas Aubé Charles Nicholas Aubé (6 May 1802 in Paris – 15 October 1869), was a French physician and entomologist. Aubé studied at the school of pharmacy in Paris, joining in botanical sorties organised by its members and by the Museum. Gaining h ...
born. 1803 *
Johan Christian Fabricius Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ...
''Rhyngotorum secundum ordines''…Reichard, Brunsvigae. Published. *
Adrian Hardy Haworth Adrian Hardy Haworth (19 April 1767, in Kingston upon Hull, Hull – 24 August 1833, in Chelsea, London, Chelsea) was an England, English entomologist, botanist and carcinologist. Family The younger son of Benjamin Haworth, of Haworth Hall and ...
Lepidoptera Britannica (1803–1828) published. This was the most authoritative work on British butterflies and moths until
Henry Tibbats Stainton Henry Tibbats Stainton (13 August 1822 – 2 December 1892) was an England, English entomologist. He served as an editor for two popular entomology periodicals of his period, ''The Entomologist's Annual'' and ''The Entomologist's Weekly Intellig ...
's ''Manual'' in 1857. *
Johann Rudolph Schellenberg Johann Rudolph Schellenberg (4 January 1740, Basel – 8 June 1806, Töss, a district in the city of Winterthur) was a Swiss artist, writer and entomologist best known for his illustrations of insects. During his career he performed illustr ...
''Genres des mouches Diptères représentés en XLII planches projettées, dessinées et expliquées par deux amateurs de l'entomologie'' published in
Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...
. * Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres ''Kritische Revision der neuen Ausgabe des systematischen Verzeichnisses von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend''.Braunschweig, Karl Reichard. 1804 *
Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of '' ...
''Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge'', in English, 'Collection of European Butterflies', published in
Augsburg Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabia (administrative region), Swabia with a well ...
. *
Caspar Erasmus Duftschmid Caspar (or Kaspar) Erasmus Duftschmid was an Austrian naturalist and physician who made significant contributions to entomology, especially Coleoptera. He was born in Gmunden on 19 November 1767, and died in Linz on 17 December 1821. His best-k ...
''Fauna Austriae'', in English, 'Austrian fauna' commenced publication. *
Jacob Sturm Jacob Sturm (21 March 1771 – 28 November 1848) was a leading engraver of entomology, entomological and botany, botanical scientific publications in Germany at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. He was born and lived in Nur ...
''Deutschlands Insecten, Käfer'', in English, 'German Insects, Beetles' commenced. This work was not completed until 1856. Like many insect faunal works, this was planned to cover all orders but got no further than beetles. *
Thomas Marsham Thomas Marsham (1748–26 November 1819) was an English entomologist, specializing on beetles. Biography He married a Miss Symes of Ufford, Northants, and had two daughters. He was Secretary to the West India Dock Company for many years and ...
. ''Entomologica Britannica sisterns Insects Britanniae Indigena Secundum Linneum disposita'' in English, 'British Entomology comprising native British insects disposed (according to) Linnaeus’ second edition. The first British beetle fauna this work treated Coleoptera only. * Jean Frederick Hermann ''Mémoire Aptérologiquepublished by F.L. Hammerin
Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...
. 1805 *
Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot, Baron de Beauvois (27 July 1752, in Arras – 21 January 1820, in Paris) was a French Natural history, naturalist and zoologist. Palisot collected insects in Oware, Benin, Saint Domingue, and the United ...
1805-1821 ''Insectes Recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique'', in English, 'Insects found in Africa and America' *
Prodromus Entomology ''Prodromus Entomology'' is one of the earliest books about Australian natural history, and the first book about Australia containing plates engraved in Australia. The full title of the first edition is ''Prodromus Entomology. Natural History o ...
published 1806 *
Carl August Dohrn Carl August Dohrn (27 June 1806 – 10 May 1892) was a German entomology, entomologist who was a founding member of the Entomological Society of Stettin, Stettin Entomological Society. He collected insects, particularly beetles and described sever ...
born in Germany (States) *
Anders Gustaf Dahlbom Anders Gustaf Dahlbom (3 March 1806 – 3 May 1859) was a Sweden, Swedish entomology, entomologist. Dahlbom was born in Härberga parish in Östergötland County, son of a military surgeon. He matriculated at Lund University in 1825, completed hi ...
(1806–1859) born in Sweden. * Pierre André Latreille ''Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum Secundum Ordinem Naturalem in Familias Disposita, Iconibus, Exemplisque Plurimus Explicata'' 4 vols. Paris 1257pp. commenced, completed 1809. Latreille wrote a series of works each revising his previous classification. *Jacob Hübner. ''Tentamen determinationis, digestionis atque demonstrationis singularum stirpium Lepidopterorum, peritis ad inspiciendum et disjudicandum communicatum.'' published in Augsberg. In English, the title reads 'Preliminary examination. An attempt to fix, arrange and name the individual races of Lepidoptera to experts for examination and the expression of an opinion'. As its title states, this was a discussion document. Inadvertently published, it led to subsequent nomenclatural confusion. *
Maximilian Spinola Maximilian Spinola (; July 10, 1780 – November 12, 1857) was an Italian entomologist. Background Spinola was born in Pézenas, Hérault, France. The family of Spinola was of very long standing and had great wealth and power in Genoa. Max ...
''Insectorum Liguriae'' etc. published in Genoa, Italy. *
André Marie Constant Duméril André Marie Constant Duméril (1 January 1774 – 14 August 1860) was a French zoologist. He was professor of anatomy at the National Museum of Natural History (France), Muséum national d'histoire naturelle from 1801 to 1812, when he became pr ...
, 1806 ''Analitische Zoologie''. Published in both French and German. This was an important text for its methodology of classification. 1807 *
Louis Jurine Louis Jurine (; 6 February 1751 – 20 October 1819) was a Swiss physician, surgeon and naturalist mainly interested in entomology. He lived in Geneva. Surgeon He studied surgery in Paris and quickly acquired a great reputation for his expertise ...
''Nouvelle Méthode de Classer les Hyménoptères et les Diptères'', in English, 'New method of classifying Hymenoptera and Diptera'. Published in Genève (Geneva). *Birth year of three specialists in
Diptera Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advance ...
,
Hermann Loew Friedrich Hermann Loew (19 July 1807 – 21 April 1879) was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including Fly, flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges. He described many world species and was the first s ...
,
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
and
Camillo Rondani Camillo Rondani (21 November 1808 – 17 September 1879) was an Italian entomology, entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera. Early life, family and education Camillo Rondani was born in Parma when the city was part of the French Empi ...
*
Guillaume-Antoine Olivier Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (; 19 January 1756, Les Arcs near Toulon – 1 October 1814, Lyon) was a French entomologist and naturalist. Life Olivier studied medicine in Montpellier, where he became good friends with Pierre Marie Auguste Br ...
''Le Voyage dans l'Empire Othoman, l'Égypte et la Perse''. *1807:
Agostino Bassi Agostino Bassi, sometimes called de Lodi (25 September 1773 – 8 February 1856), was an Italian entomologist. He preceded Louis Pasteur in the discovery that microorganisms can be the cause of disease (the germ theory of disease). He discovere ...
(1773–1856) begins research on a disease of the
silkworm ''Bombyx mori'', commonly known as the domestic silk moth, is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae. It is the closest relative of '' Bombyx mandarina'', the wild silk moth. Silkworms are the larvae of silk moths. The silkworm is of ...
caused by fungi, preceding work of
Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, Fermentation, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the la ...
. 1808 *Publication date of Johann Cristoph Friedrich Klug Die Blattwespen nach ihren Gattungen und Arten zusammengestellt. ''Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde'', in English, 'The leaf wasps arranged according to their genera and species'. *
Guillaume-Antoine Olivier Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (; 19 January 1756, Les Arcs near Toulon – 1 October 1814, Lyon) was a French entomologist and naturalist. Life Olivier studied medicine in Montpellier, where he became good friends with Pierre Marie Auguste Br ...
''Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Coléoptères''. 1809 * Lamarck's views on evolution were fully elaborated in his ''Philosophie zoologique'' in which he also arranged animals according to relationships and was first to employ the genealogical tree. 1810 *
Guillaume-Antoine Olivier Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (; 19 January 1756, Les Arcs near Toulon – 1 October 1814, Lyon) was a French entomologist and naturalist. Life Olivier studied medicine in Montpellier, where he became good friends with Pierre Marie Auguste Br ...
redefined the order
Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – gras ...
(Latreille, 1796). This Order has been subject to constant revision. *
Franco Andrea Bonelli Franco Andrea Bonelli (10 November 1784 – 18 November 1830) was an Italian ornithology, ornithologist, entomologist and collector. He worked at the University of Turin and was involved in organizing the collections of the natural history museu ...
published ''Observations Entomologique''. * George Perry began'' Arcana'', also titled ''The museum of natural history''. 1811 * Gustaf von Paykull, ''Monographia Histeroidum'' Suecicae published in Uppsala. A monograph is a very complete work on a restricted subject, in this case
Histeridae Histeridae is a family (biology), family of beetles commonly known as clown beetles or hister beetles. There are more than 410 genera and 4,800 described species in Histeridae worldwide, with more than 500 species in North America. They can be id ...
. This is one of the first entomological monographs. * Kurimoto Masayoshi ''Kurimoto's Iconographia Insectorum''or Insects of Japan published. 1812 *Birth of the entomologist Mary Ball. *Volume 1 of the ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London'' published (though the Society officially dates from 1832) 1813 * William Kirby erected the orders
Trichoptera The caddisflies (order Trichoptera) are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis ...
and
Strepsiptera The Strepsiptera () are an order of insects with eleven extant families that include about 600 described species. They are endoparasites of other insects, such as bees, wasps, leafhoppers, Zygentoma, silverfish, and cockroaches. Females of most s ...
*
Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société ento ...
, ''Faune Entomologique de Madagascar''published. 1814 *
William Elford Leach William Elford Leach (2 February 1791 – 25 August 1836) was an English zoologist and marine biologist. Life and work Elford Leach was born at Hoe Gate, Plymouth, the son of an attorney. At the age of twelve he began a medical apprenticesh ...
, ''Zoological Miscellany'' begun at London. *
Carl Fredrik Fallén Carl Fredrik Fallén (born 22 September 1764 in Kristinehamn – 26 August 1830) was a Sweden, Swedish botanist and entomologist. Fallén taught at the Lund University. He wrote ''Diptera Sueciae'' (1814–27). Fallén described very many specie ...
, ''Diptera Sueciae'', in English, Diptera of Sweden published at Lund. Fallén's 484 page "Dissertation" this specialist work was published between 1814 and 1825 1815 *
William Elford Leach William Elford Leach (2 February 1791 – 25 August 1836) was an English zoologist and marine biologist. Life and work Elford Leach was born at Hoe Gate, Plymouth, the son of an attorney. At the age of twelve he began a medical apprenticesh ...
founded the orders Phasmida, Anoplura, Thysanura and Rhaphidides; the hemipterous families Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Belostomidae; the dipterous family Tipulidae and the hymenopterous family Chrysididae and published the first bibliography of entomology in '' Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia''. * William Kirby and William Spence (entomologist), ''Introduction to entomology or elements of the natural history of insects''. 4 vols. London, Longman 2430pp. This masterwork commenced in 1815 and was completed in 1826. It is an outstanding achievement: an entomology and a system of higher units in which Kirby was much influenced by MacLeay. By 1818 it was in its third edition, one of the most popular scientific works of all time. * Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz embarks on the
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
n expeditionary ship "Rurik"1815-1822 *Publication of Tome 1 of Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck's ''Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres..'' completed with Tome 7 in 1822. Paris, Verdiere. 1816 *
Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of '' ...
''Verzeichniss bekanuten schmetterlinge'', in English, Catalogue of known butterflies published at Augsberg. *
Marie Jules Cesar Lelorgne de Savigny Marie may refer to the following. People Given name * Marie (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name ** List of people named Marie * Marie (Japanese given name) Surname * Jean Gabriel-Marie, French compose ...
, ''Mémoires sur les animaux sans vertèbres''published at Paris. *
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (; 12 September 1777 – 1 May 1850) was a French zoologist and anatomist. Life Blainville was born at Arques-la-Bataille, Arques, near Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, Dieppe. As a young man, he went to Paris to study a ...
''Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal'' Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris *Royal Saxony School of Forestry established at Tharandt. The school taught entomology and later the
dipterist Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...
Samuel Friedrich Stein Samuel Friedrich Nathaniel Ritter von Stein (November 3, 1818 – January 9, 1885) was a German entomologist. He was Professor at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt from 1850–55; and Professor, and later Rector, at the Charles Uni ...
became its director. *First issue of Oken's ''Isis, eine encyclopädische Zeitschrift, vorzüglich für Naturgeschichte, vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie'' published. 1817 *First volume of
Thomas Say Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and Herpetology, herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Ge ...
's ''American entomology '' published in Philadelphia. The pioneering work of American entomology. Some of the illustrations were undertaken by
Titian Peale Titian Ramsay Peale (November 17, 1799 – March 13, 1885) was an American artist, naturalist, and explorer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a scientific illustrator whose paintings and drawings of wildlife are known for their beauty and ...
. * Carl Rheinhold Sahlberg, Dissertatio entomologica insecta Fennica enumerans (Coleoptera) commenced. First work on the Coleoptera of Finland. Due to the efforts of Paykull,
Leonard Gyllenhaal Leonard Gyllenhaal (3 December 1752 – 13 May 1840) was a Swedish nobleman, military officer and entomologist. Early life and ancestry Born on the Ribbingsberg manor in Västergötland in west Sweden, Leonard Gyllenhaal was son of Hans ...
and Sahlberg the beetles of
Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...
were better known than in any comparable area at this date. 1818 *
Johann Wilhelm Meigen Johann Wilhelm Meigen (3 May 1764 – 11 July 1845) was a German entomologist famous for his pioneering work on Diptera. Life Early years Meigen was born in Solingen, the fifth of eight children of Johann Clemens Meigen and Sibylla Margare ...
''Systematische Beschreibung der Bekannten Europäischen zweiflugen Insecten'' 7 vols. Aachen and Hamm 2869pp., in English, Systematic Descriptions of known European Two-winged Insects commenced. The seven volumes spanned the years 1818-1830. ''Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux ailes''. Paris. New classification of the Diptera had already appeared, published in Paris. *
Carl Gustav Carus Carl Gustav Carus (3 January 1789 – 28 July 1869) was a German physiologist and painter, born in Leipzig, who played various roles during the Romanticism, Romantic era. A friend of the writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe, he was a many-sided man: a ...
''Lehrbuch der Zootomie''. Leipzig. Lehrbuchs are student texts. This one is on anatomy, mainly dissection. * Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Suckow ''Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen der Insecten und Krustenthiere''. 70 S. mit 11 Kupfern. Engelmann, Heidelberg. * Georg Adolf Keferstein publishes a history of silk moth culture - Ueber den Bombyx der Alten in ''Magazin der Entomologie'', Halle 1819 *
George Samouelle George Samouelle (–1846) was a curator in the British Museum (Natural History) of "no real scientific aptitude". Originally employed as a bookseller for Longman & Co., Samouelle joined the Natural History Museum at the same time as William Elf ...
publishes ''A nomenclature of British Entomology, or a catalogue of above 4000 species of the Classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Spiders, Mites and insects intended as labels for cabinets of Insects, etc., alphabetically arranged'' at London. 1820 * Carl Fredrik Fallèn ''Monographia Muscidum Suecia'' commenced. *
Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel (1774 – 10 January 1846) was a French soldier and entomologist. Life and career Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel was born in 1774 in Valenciennes, Nord, and died on 10 January 1846 in Paris. After studies ...
with
Jean Baptiste Godart Jean-Baptiste Godart (25 November 1775 – 27 July 1825) was a French entomologist. Born at Origny, Godart became impassioned by butterflies in his youth. He was charged by Pierre André Latreille (1762-1833) with writing the article on the ...
, in English, ''Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptères de France''commenced. This was the first really good French butterfly fauna. *
Johann Fischer von Waldheim Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (; 13 October 1771 – 18 October 1853) was a Electorate of Saxony, Saxon anatomist, entomologist and paleontologist. Fischer was born as Gotthilf Fischer in Waldheim, Saxony, Waldheim, Saxony, the son of a lin ...
''Entomographia Imperii Russici, Genera Insectorum Systematice Exposita et Analysi Inconographia Instructa'' published in Moscow. *
Gustaf Johan Billberg Gustaf Johan Billberg (14 June 1772, Karlskrona – 26 November 1844, Stockholm) was a Sweden, Swedish botanist, zoologist and anatomist, although professionally and by training he was a lawyer and used science and biology as an avocation. The pl ...
''Enumeratio insectorum in museo Gust. Joh. Billberg. Typus Gadelianus''. 1821 * John Fleming ''Insect''a. In: ''Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica, with preliminary dissertations on the history of the sciences''an important systematic work. 1822 * Jacob Johann Hagenbach ''Insectorum Helvetiae exhibentia vel species novas vel nondum depictas''.
Basel Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populo ...
1823 *
Philipp Franz von Siebold Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17 February 1796 – 18 October 1866) was a German physician, botanist and traveller. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora (plants), flora and fauna (animals), fauna and the introduction of ...
begins natural history studies in Japan. Some of his many Japanese students take up entomology. The species they discovered were described in European journals without explicit attribution. They are honoured here. The invertebrate volume of Siebold's ''Fauna Japonica'' was undertaken by
Wilhem de Haan Wilhem de Haan (7 February 1801 in Amsterdam – 15 April 1855 in Leiden) was a Dutch zoologist. He specialised in the study of insects and crustaceans, including aquatic arthropods, and was the first keeper of invertebrates at the Rijksmuseum i ...
* Johann Wilhelm Dalman 1823, publishes ''Analeceta Entomologica'' Stockholm 1824 *
John Curtis John Ream Curtis (born May 10, 1960) is an American politician serving since 2025 as the junior United States senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Curtis served from 2017 to 2025 as the U.S. representative for Utah's 3rd congre ...
with
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
and Francis Walker ''British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland; containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found'' 16 volumes 193 Folios 770 coloured plates commenced. A masterpiece of the engraver's and colourist's art, this work includes new classifications and many new species descriptions. The work falls between the illustrated works with little text of the previous years and the minimally illustrated revisions and monographs of later years. * Leon Jean Marie Dufour, ''Recherches anatomiques sur les Carabiques et sur plusiers autres Coléoptères.''published at Paris. 1825 *
Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ...
''Familles Naturelles du Règne Animal'' published. In this publication the name
Insecta Insects (from Latin ') are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed leg ...
is finally restricted to the hexapod
arthropods Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...
here called Class Hexapoda. *
Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (; 10 August 1780 – 17 March 1845), was a French soldier and entomologist. Dejean described a large number of beetles in a series of catalogues. A soldier of fortune during the Napoleonic Wars, he rose ...
''Species Général des Coléoptères'' commenced (five volumes devoted to Carabidae) C. Aubé wrote the sixth on Hydrocanthares completing the work in 1838. It is a masterpiece of descriptive entomology. 1826 *Carl Fredrik Fallén ''
Hemiptera Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising more than 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from ...
Sueciae''. * William Kirby erected the order Aphaniptera for the fleas. * William Sharp MacLeay ''Horae entomologicae'' 1827 *
Pierre Léonard Vander Linden Pierre Léonard Vander Linden (12 December 1797 – 5 April 1831) was a Dutch entomologist. He studied Odonata as a student. In 1826 he was appointed as the first professor of zoology in Belgium, at the Musée des Sciences et Lettres in Brussel ...
commenced ''Observations sur les Hyménoptères d’Europe de la famille des Fouisseurs''. * Jean Nicolas Vallot published ''Détermination précise des insectes nuisibles, mentionnés dans les différents traités relatifs à la culture des arbres fruitiers, et indications des moyens à employer pour s'opposer à leurs ravages'' 1828 *
James Francis Stephens James Francis Stephens (16 September 1792 – 22 December 1852) was an England, English entomologist and naturalist. He is known for his 12 volume ''Illustrations of British Entomology'' (1846) and the ''Manual of British Beetles'' (1839). ...
''Illustrations of British Entomology''published. *
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific Germany, German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Carl Li ...
''Monographie der Ichneumone'' . A seminal work on
Ichneumonidae The Ichneumonidae, also known as ichneumon wasps, ichneumonid wasps, ichneumonids, or Darwin wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25 ...
in two volumes. *
Karl Ernst von Baer Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn (; – ) was a Baltic German scientist and explorer. Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and is considered a, or the, founding father of embryology. He was a m ...
''Uber Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere'' published. Baer was an
embryologist Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, ''embryon'', "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, ''-logia'') is the branch of animal biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and ...
whose "biogenetic law" of recapitulation was a major reference point for 19th century
evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...
ary theory. *
Pierre Boitard Pierre Boitard (27 April 1787 Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire – 25 August 1859) was a French botanist and geologist. As well as describing and classifying the Tasmanian devil, he is notable for his fictional natural history ''Paris avant les hommes ...
publishes ''Manuel d'entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des insectes : contenant la synonymie et la description de la plus grande partie des espèces d'Europe et des espèces exotiques les plus remarquables'' (Roret, Paris) 1829 *
Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société ento ...
and
John Eatton Le Conte John Eatton Le Conte Jr. (sometimes John Eatton LeConte or John Eaton Leconte) (February 22, 1784 – November 21, 1860) was an American natural history, naturalist. He was born near Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, the son o ...
published first installment of ''Histoire général et iconographie des lepidoptérès et des chenilles de l’Amerique septentrionale'' at Paris. (English title: ''General history and illustrations of the Lepidoptera and moths (sic) of North(ern) America''.) Publication of installments continued through 1837

*
Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...
, ''Regne Animalium'', in English, ''The Animal Kingdom'', published by Chez Deterville at Paris. *
Hermann Burmeister Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister (also known as Carlos Germán Conrado Burmeister) (15 January 1807 – 2 May 1892) was a German Argentine zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, botany, botanist, and coleopterologist. He served as a professor at ...
''De Insectorum Systemate Naturali'' (Diss., Grunert, Halle) *
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz Johann Friedrich Gustav von Eschscholtz (1 November 1793 – 7 May 1831)Sterling (1997) was a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collec ...
''Zoölogische atlas enthaltend abbildungen neuer thierasten während Kotzebues Zweiter reise um die welt gesammelt'', in English, Zoological Atlas containing illustrations of the animals collected during Kotzebues etc.. Second travels around the world 1823-1826 published at Berlin. * Pierre Lyonet ''Anatomie de différentes espèces d’insectes'' published Paris *
Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (; 10 August 1780 – 17 March 1845), was a French soldier and entomologist. Dejean described a large number of beetles in a series of catalogues. A soldier of fortune during the Napoleonic Wars, he rose ...
,
Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société ento ...
and
Charles Nicholas Aubé Charles Nicholas Aubé (6 May 1802 in Paris – 15 October 1869), was a French physician and entomologist. Aubé studied at the school of pharmacy in Paris, joining in botanical sorties organised by its members and by the Museum. Gaining h ...
. Iconographie et histoire naturelle des Coléoptères d’Europe. *
Alfred Brehm Alfred Edmund Brehm (; 2 February 1829 – 11 November 1884) was a German zoologist and writer. His multi-volume book '' Brehms Tierleben'', which he co-authored with Eduard Pechuël-Loesche, Wilhelm Haacke, and Richard Schmidtlein, becam ...
's ''Tierleben'' (English title: Brehm's Life of Animals) commenced publication.Very popular it was published in many expanded editions the six volumes published between 1864 and 1869 was titled ''Illustrirtes Thierleben'',
Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg (10 January 1818 Naumburg – 19 January 1898 Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle) was a German entomologist. Life After 1836 Taschenberg studied mathematics and natural sciences in Leipzig and Berlin. He went, then, as an auxil ...
wrote the entomological sections. *
Christian Friedrich Freyer Christian Friedrich Freyer (25 August 1794, in Wassertrüdingen – 11 November 1885, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist mainly interested in Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects w ...
published ''Beitrage zur Geschichte europaischer Schmetterlinge mit Abbildungen nach der Natur''. 1830 *Controversy between
Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...
and
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (; 15 April 177219 June 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theorie ...
on the fixity of types. *
Maximilian Perty Josef Anton Maximilian Perty (17 September 1804, Ornbau – 8 August 1884, Bern) was a German naturalist and entomologist. He was a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Bern.Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, also known as F. E. Guerin, (12 October 1799, in Toulon – 26 January 1874, in Paris) was a French entomologist. Life and work Guérin-Méneville changed his surname from Guérin in 1836. He was the author o ...
. ''Magasin de Zoologie, d’Anatomie Comparée et Palaeoentomologie'', in English, Magazine of Zoology, Comparative Anatomy and Palaeoentomology commenced publication. *
George Newport George Newport FRS (4 February 1803, Canterbury – 7 April 1854, London) was an English entomologist. He is especially noted for his studies utilizing the microscope and his skills in dissection. Biography He was the first of four children of ...
, Nervous system of ''Sphinx ligustri''. London *
Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville (; his name, before the French Revolution, Revolution, included a Nobiliary particle, particle: Audinet de Serville) was a French entomologist, born on 11 November 1775 in Paris. He died on 27 March 1858 in La Fert ...
published ''Revue méthodique de l’ordre des Orthoptères'' *
Thaddeus William Harris Thaddeus William Harris (November 12, 1795 – January 16, 1856) was an American entomologist and librarian. His focus on insect life cycles and interactions with plants was influential in broadening American entomological studies beyond a narrow ...
prepared a catalogue of insects for
Edward Hitchcock Edward Hitchcock (May 24, 1793 – February 27, 1864) was an American geologist and the third President of Amherst College (1845–1854). Life Born to poor parents, he attended newly founded Deerfield Academy, where he was later principal, ...
's ''Report on the Geology, Mineralogy, Botany and Zoology of Massachusetts''. * Jean-Baptiste Deyrolle, natural history dealer opened for business at 23, Rue de la Monnaie, Paris later assisted by his son Achille Deyrolle. Deyrolle et fils published many entomological works. 1832 *
Société Entomologique de France Groupe Lactalis S.A. (doing business as Lactalis) is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier S.A. Lactalis is the largest dairy p ...
founded at Paris. The first president was
Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier, comte de Saint-Fargeau Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier, comte de Saint-Fargeau (9 October 1770 – 23 August 1845), also spelled Lepeletier or Lepelletier, was a French people, French Entomology, entomologist, and specialist in the Hymenoptera. In 1833, he served as ...
*
Hermann Burmeister Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister (also known as Carlos Germán Conrado Burmeister) (15 January 1807 – 2 May 1892) was a German Argentine zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, botany, botanist, and coleopterologist. He served as a professor at ...
, ''Handbuch der Entomologie'', in English, ''Handbook of entomology'', commenced publication. *
Jules Dumont d'Urville Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (; 23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French List of explorers, explorer and French Navy, naval officer who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. As a botanist an ...
Voyage de l'Astrolabe. ''Faune entomologique de l'Océanie par le'' Dr Boisduval. ''Tome 1 : Lepidoptéres'' (1832) published; Tome 2 Coléoptères, Hémiptères, Orthoptères, Névroptères, Hyménoptères et Diptères was published in 1835. *
Felipe Poey Felipe Poey (May 26, 1799 – January 28, 1891) was a Cuban zoologist. Biography Poey was born in Havana, the son of French and Spanish parents. He spent several years (1804 to 1807) of his life in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Pau then studied ...
''Centurie de Lépidoptères de l'Ile de Cuba'' published at Paris. *
Hermann Friedrich Stannius Hermann Friedrich Stannius (15 March 1808, Hamburg – 15 January 1883, Sachsenberg near Schwerin) was a German anatomist, physiologist and entomologist. He specialised in the insect order Diptera especially the family Dolichopodidae. Works En ...
''Beiträge zur Entomologie, besondere in Bezug auf Schlesien, gemeinschaftlich mit Schumme''l. Breslau, published. 1833 *
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
, ''An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus.'' Entomol. Mag. First part of a seminal work on
Hymenoptera Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typi ...
erecting major taxa (phylogenetic divisions). *
Carl Johan Schönherr Carl Johan Schönherr (10 June 1772 – 28 March 1848) was a Swedish people, Swedish entomologist who revised the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of beetles, including weevils by examining all the descriptions of beetles since the time of Linnaeus. H ...
,
Leonard Gyllenhaal Leonard Gyllenhaal (3 December 1752 – 13 May 1840) was a Swedish nobleman, military officer and entomologist. Early life and ancestry Born on the Ribbingsberg manor in Västergötland in west Sweden, Leonard Gyllenhaal was son of Hans ...
and
Carl Henrik Boheman Carl Henrik Boheman (10 July 1796 – 2 November 1868) was a Sweden, Swedish entomologist. He collected specimens in Norway and became a curator of the Swedish museum of natural history and described numerous beetle species. Life and work Bohem ...
. ''Genera and species of Curculionidae''. 8 vols. Paris,1833-1844 commenced. *Francis Walker, ''Monographia Chalcidum''. London, 1833–1842, commenced. Much of this work was collaborative with
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
who was the sole author of the sectional diagnoses. *
Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat (29 March 1799, Paris – 16 December 1884, Paris) was a French entomologist. He specialized mainly on the beetles and was a founder of the Societe entomologique de France in 1832. Chevrolat worked as a toll adm ...
, Coléoptères de Mexique. *
Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean (; 10 August 1780 – 17 March 1845), was a French soldier and entomologist. Dejean described a large number of beetles in a series of catalogues. A soldier of fortune during the Napoleonic Wars, he rose ...
, ''Catalogue des Coléoptères''. Paris. *
George Robert Gray George Robert Gray (8 July 1808 – 6 May 1872) was an English zoology, zoologist and author, and head of the Ornithology, ornithological section of the British Museum, now the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Museum, London f ...
''The Entomology of Australia: Monograph of the Genus Phasma'' Volume 1 Masterly work on Phasmidae.The first work on this group since Caspar Stoll (1780). Very often a
monograph A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published a ...
is separated from its successor by thirty to fifty years. *
Thaddeus William Harris Thaddeus William Harris (November 12, 1795 – January 16, 1856) was an American entomologist and librarian. His focus on insect life cycles and interactions with plants was influential in broadening American entomological studies beyond a narrow ...
''Report on the Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology of Massachusetts'' published. *
Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (16 February 1801– 24 October 1871) was a German zoology, zoologist, botany, botanist, entomology, entomologist, and forestry, forester. Biography Ratzeburg was born in Berlin, the son of a professor at th ...
''Die Forstinsekten'', Berlin 1837–1844 commenced. This is a founding work of forest entomology. 1834 *
Entomological Society of London The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists. The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological S ...
founded. *
François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau François-Louis Nompar de Caumont Laporte, comte de Castelnau (born ''François-Louis Nompar de Caumont La Force''; 24 December 1802 – 4 February 1880) was a French natural history, naturalist, also known as François Laporte or Francis de Caste ...
''Études entomologique. Introduction à l’entomologie'' in ''
Suites à Buffon Les ''Suites à Buffon'' is a French 19th-century scientific publication. Les ''Suites à Buffon'' carries the complete title ''Suites à Buffon formant avec les œuvres de cet auteur un cours complet d'histoire naturelle embrassant les trois r ...
''. Paris 1834–1863. *
Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart (8 April 1778 – 25 November 1855) was a French entomologist specialising in the study of Fly, flies. He worked on world species as well as European and described many new species. Biography Early life Macquart wa ...
''Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Diptères'' published. 1835 *
Constantin Wesmael Constantin Wesmael (4 October 1798, in City of Brussels, Brussels – 26 October 1872, near to Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) was a Belgians, Belgian entomologist. Life Of modest origin, he was granted a bursary to study law. He taught, initially, ...
commences publication of ''Monographie des Braconides de Belgique'' 1836 *
Alfred Ronalds Alfred Ronalds (10 July 180223 April 1860) was an English author, artisan, and Australian pioneer, best known for his book '' The Fly-fisher's Entomology''. Life and family Early years He was born at No. 1 Highbury Terrace, Highbury, the eleven ...
. '' The Fly-fisher's Entomology'' first edition published. *
Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson (26 November 1809 – 18 December 1848) was a German entomologist and doctor. He was the author of many articles about insects mainly in ''Archiv für Naturgeschichte''. When writing in Latin, he latinised ''Wilhelm'' ...
published ''Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg''. *
Charles Athanase Walckenaer Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant, writer, man of letters, and scientist. He was a polymath and wrote extensively on geography, natural history, and literature. Major contributio ...
and
Paul Gervais Paul Gervais (full name: François Louis Paul Gervais) (26 September 1816 – 10 February 1879) was a French palaeontologist and entomologist. Biography Gervais was born in Paris, where he obtained the diplomas of doctor of science and of medic ...
commenced ''Histoire naturelle des insectes''. 1837 *
Oswald Heer Oswald Heer (or Oswald von Heer) (31 August 1809 – 27 September 1883), Swiss geologist and naturalist, was born at Niederuzwil in Canton of St. Gallen and died in Lausanne. Biography Oswald Heer was educated as a clergyman at Halle and t ...
published ''Die Kafer der Schweiz'' *Second edition of
John Curtis John Ream Curtis (born May 10, 1960) is an American politician serving since 2025 as the junior United States senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Curtis served from 2017 to 2025 as the U.S. representative for Utah's 3rd congre ...
"''A guide to the arrangement of British insects being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in'' Great Britain ''and'' Ireland " published. The list contains 1500 generic and 15,000 specific names. *
Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist) Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (10 August 1797 – 9 October 1854) was a Swedish-speaking Finns, Finnish nobleman, amateur entomologist and governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland. He collected beetles from across the Arctic r ...
''Mémoire sur quelques genres et espèces de Carabiques'' published. * Achille Rémy Percheron publishes ''Bibliographie entomologique'' listing more than 5 000 authors and 500 anonymous contributions. 1838 *
Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt (20 May 1785 – 23 December 1874) was a Sweden, Swedish Naturalism (philosophy) , naturalist who worked mainly on Diptera and Hymenoptera. Biography Zetterstedt studied at the Lund University, University of Lund, where ...
''Insecta Lapponica Descripta''. Leipzig: Voss 1145pp (1838–1842) commences publication. *
Benjamin Dann Walsh Benjamin Dann Walsh (September 21, 1808 – November 18, 1869) was an English-born American entomologist who served as the first official state entomologist in Illinois.Mallis (1971) He was a leading influence during a time of significant tra ...
left England for the
United States of America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguo ...
. He was a pioneer of applied entomology. 1839 *
John Obadiah Westwood John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English people , English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first ...
. First part of ''An introduction to the modern classification of insects''. ( 1839–1840) published. *
John Forbes Royle John Forbes Royle (10 May 1798 – 2 January 1858), British Botany, botanist and teacher of materia medica (pharmacology), was born in Kanpur (then Cawnpore) in India in 1798. He was in charge of the botanical garden at Saharanpur and played a r ...
''Illustrations of the Botany and Other Branches of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere'' published. This work resembles 18th century works in its sumptuous illustration. *
Meyers Konversations-Lexikon or was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the . Joseph Meyer (publisher), Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing hous ...
commenced. Entomology was a favourite topic. 1839 *
Étienne Mulsant Martial Étienne Mulsant (2 March 1797, Marnand, Rhône – 4 November 1880) was a French entomologist and ornithologist. Biography Initially employed in commerce, Mulsant wrote ''Lettres à Julie sur l'entomologie, suivies d'une description mét ...
. ''Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères de France''.13 pts. Paris and Lyon,1839-1863 published. *
James Francis Stephens James Francis Stephens (16 September 1792 – 22 December 1852) was an England, English entomologist and naturalist. He is known for his 12 volume ''Illustrations of British Entomology'' (1846) and the ''Manual of British Beetles'' (1839). ...
'' Manual of British Coleoptera or Beetles '' This work contains diagnoses of 3462 species and remained the standard work until the appearance of the ''Handbook of the Coleoptera'' by H.E. Cox was published in 1875. An instance of the longevity of some taxonomic works. *
Alexander Henry Haliday Alexander Henry Haliday (1806–1870, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday, Alexis Heinrich Haliday, or simply Haliday) was an Ireland, Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera, but wor ...
, ''Hymenopterorum Synopsis and Methodum Fallenii ut plurimum accomodata'' (
Belfast Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel ...
) 8 4pg. s.titulo. This work on classification was privately printed. Very few copies survive. The same is true of many important works of other authors. * Edward Newman founded ''The Entomologist '' (an insect magazine) at London. *
Giuseppe Gené Carlo Giuseppe Gené (7 December 1800 – 14 July 1847) was an Italian natural history, naturalist and author. Gené was born at Turbigo in Lombardy and studied at the University of Pavia. He published a number of papers on natural history, part ...
De quibusdam insectis
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...
e novis aut minus cognitis. ''Fascicle 2. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino'' (2)1: 43-84 1840 * Jean Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval ''Genera et index methodicus Europaeorum lepidopterorum''. published in Paris. *
Theodor Becker Theodor Becker (23 June 1840 in Plön – 30 June 1928 in Liegnitz) was a Danish-born German civil engineer and entomologist primarily known for studies on the taxonomy of flies Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Dip ...
born. *
Jan Dzierżon Johann Dzierzon, or Jan Dzierżon or Dzierżoń , also John Dzierzon (16 January 1811 – 26 October 1906), was a Polish people, Polish apiarist who discovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in bees. Dzierzon came from a Polish people, Polis ...
designed a movable-frame beehive, the first of many apicultural advances he initiated. 1841 *
William Wilson Saunders William Wilson Saunders (4 June 1809 – 13 September 1879) was a British insurance broker, entomologist and botanist. Saunders was an underwriter at Lloyd's of London. He served as president of the Royal Entomological Society, Entomological ...
becomes president of the Entomological Society of London. 1842 *
Jean Victoire Audouin Jean Victor Audouin (27 April 1797 – 9 November 1841), sometimes Victor Audouin, was a French naturalist, an entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist. Biography Audouin was born in Paris and was educated in the field of medi ...
publishes ''Histoire des insectes nuisibles à la vigne et particulièrement de la Pyrale''. *
Jules Pierre Rambur Jules Pierre Rambur (21 July 1801 – 10 August 1870) was a French entomologist. Rambur was born in Chinon. He studied the insect fauna of Corsica and Andalusia. He was the author of ''Histoire naturelle des insectes'' (1842) amongst other works ...
publishes ''Histoire naturelle des insectes''. 1843 *
Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach Johann Heinrich Kaltenbach (30 October 1807, Cologne – 20 May 1876, Aachen), was a German naturalist and entomologist mainly interested in pest species. He was a teacher in Aachen. Important works * ''Monographie der Familien der Pflanzen ...
. Published ''Monographie der familien der Pflanzenhause''at
Aachen Aachen is the List of cities in North Rhine-Westphalia by population, 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. Aachen is locat ...
. A monograph on Thysanoptera. * Henry Noel Humphreys, an illustrator and
John Obadiah Westwood John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English people , English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first ...
''British Moths and their Transformations'' London: William Smith, 1843-1845. 2 Volumes. Humphreys orchestrated the overall work and provided all illustrations. Westwood provided the various scientific descriptions. *
Anders Gustaf Dahlbom Anders Gustaf Dahlbom (3 March 1806 – 3 May 1859) was a Sweden, Swedish entomology, entomologist. Dahlbom was born in Härberga parish in Östergötland County, son of a military surgeon. He matriculated at Lund University in 1825, completed hi ...
''Hymenoptera Europaea Praecipue Borealia'' 1-2. Lundberg,
Lund Lund (, ;"Lund"
(US) and
) is a city in the provinces of Sweden, province of Scania, southern Swed ...
1008 pp. commenced publication (completed 1854) *
Alcide d'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...
began ''Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle''. This work was finished in 1849. 1844 * Thomas Workman born. 1845 * Netherlands Entomological Society founded. 1846 *
Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...
founded in
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
*
Ida Laura Pfeiffer Ida Laura Pfeiffer (14 October 1797, Vienna – 27 October 1858, Vienna), née Reyer, a famous early female Austrian professional traveler who became an explorer, ethnographer, and travel writer; her bestselling journals were translated into seve ...
begins her first trip around the world. *
Friederike Lienig Friederike Lienig (December 8, 1790 – 7 June, 1855) was an entomologist from the Russian Empire who also resided in the Kingdom of Prussia. Four species of tiny moths are named after her. One is '' Cosmopterix lienigiella''. At first self taug ...
publishes ''Lepidopterologische Fauna von Livland und Curland'' 1847 * Edmond Ruffin publishes a study of the life history and cultural control of the "Corn or fly-weevil" (''
Sitotroga cerealella The Angoumois grain moth (''Sitotroga cerealella'') is a species of the Gelechiidae moth family, commonly referred to as the "rice grain moth". It is most abundant in the temperate or tropical climates of India, China, South Africa, Indonesia, ...
'' Olivier) in the ''Farmers Register''. Fourteen years later Edmond Ruffin pulled the lanyard on one of the columbiads off Morris Island the first shot fired in the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
but not the first entomologist to engage in violent politics. *
Hercule Nicolet Hercule Nicolet (18 January 1801 Neuchâtel – 16 September 1872) born Louis-Ami-Hercule Nicolet, was a Switzerland, Swiss lithography, lithographer, natural history illustrator, librarian at ''École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort'' from 186 ...
''Essai sur une classification des insectes aptères, de l'ordre des Thysanoures''. 1848 * Carl Theodore Ernst von Siebold establishes the phylum
Arthropoda Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated ( metameric) segments, and paired jointed appendages. ...
. * Maximilien de Chaudoir.''Memoire sur la famille des Carabiques''. 6 parts.published at Moscow. *
John Obadiah Westwood John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English people , English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first ...
''The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology'' *
Charles Jean Baptiste Amyot Charles Jean-Baptiste Amyot (23 September 1799, in Vendreeuv – 13 October 1866, in Paris) was a French lawyer and entomologist especially interested in the Hemiptera. After his father died, Amyot lived with a neighbor, a wealthy merchant, who ...
1848. ''Entomologie Française. Rhynchotes. Méthode mononymique'' Paris, J.-B. Bailliere, Libraire de l'Acad. An important step forward in the classification of Coleoptera. 1849 *
Étienne Mulsant Martial Étienne Mulsant (2 March 1797, Marnand, Rhône – 4 November 1880) was a French entomologist and ornithologist. Biography Initially employed in commerce, Mulsant wrote ''Lettres à Julie sur l'entomologie, suivies d'une description mét ...
''Species des Coléoptères Trimères sécuripalpes''. 2 parts. Lyon,1849-1853. * Hope Chair of Zoology established at Oxford by
Frederick William Hope Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now ...
and occupied by
John Obadiah Westwood John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English people , English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first ...
. *
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism ...
.''Ansichten der Natur''.Stuttgart.


See also

* Timeline of entomology — for a list of other available time periods *
List of entomologists The following is a list of entomologists, scientists who study insects. See also * List of Estonian entomologists References {{Reflist Entomologists Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and - ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of entomology - 1800-50 Entomology Entomology 1800-1850