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Tickhill is a
market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...
and
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
in the
City of Doncaster The City of Doncaster is a metropolitan borough with city status in the United Kingdom, city status in South Yorkshire, England. It is named after its principal settlement, Doncaster, and includes the surrounding suburbs of Doncaster as well as ...
, South Yorkshire, England, close to the border with
Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire (; abbreviated ''Notts.'') is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. The county is bordered by South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. Th ...
. At the 2001 census it had a population of 5,301, reducing to 5,228 at the 2011 Census.


Geography

It lies eight miles south of
Doncaster Doncaster ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city in South Yorkshire, England. Named after the River Don, Yorkshire, River Don, it is the administrative centre of the City of Doncaster metropolitan borough, and is the second largest se ...
, between Maltby and
Harworth Harworth is an area and former civil parish, now in the parish of Harworth Bircotes (with Bircotes) in the Bassetlaw district in Nottinghamshire, England, on the border with South Yorkshire. It is north of Worksop. The population of the civi ...
, on the busy conjunction of the A631 and A60 roads, and adjacent to the
A1(M) motorway A1(M) is the designation given to a series of four separate controlled-access highway, motorway sections in the UK. Each section is an upgrade to a section of the A1 road (Great Britain), A1, a major north–south road which connects Greater ...
. It is located at 53° 26' North, 1° 6' 40" West, at an elevation of around 20 metres above
sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an mean, average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal Body of water, bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical ...
. The River Torne passes close to the south-east of the town where it is the boundary between South Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, eventually meeting the
River Trent The Trent is the third Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, longest river in the United Kingdom. Its Source (river or stream), source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands ...
. Notable buildings in Tickhill include the substantial ruins of
Tickhill Castle Tickhill Castle was a castle in Tickhill, in South Yorkshire, England and a prominent stronghold during the reign of King John. Early history The gatehouse range, seen from the bailey The castle started as an 11th-century motte-and-bailey ea ...
which contain a private residence leased by the
Duchy of Lancaster The Duchy of Lancaster is an estate of the British sovereign. The estate has its origins in the lands held by the medieval Dukes of Lancaster, which came under the direct control of the monarch when Henry Bolingbroke, the then duke of Lancast ...
, St Mary's Church – a large 13th-century parish church, the parish room, an old hospital called St Leonard's, and the
market cross A market cross, or in Scots, a mercat cross, is a structure used to mark a market square in market towns, where historically the right to hold a regular market or fair was granted by the monarch, a bishop or a baron. History Market crosses ...
.


Toponymy

"Tickhill" is an
Old English Old English ( or , or ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-S ...
place-name, meaning either "Hill where young goats are kept" or "Hill of man called Tica". It is composed of one of either ''ticce'' ("young goat") or the name ''Tica'', and the word ''hyll''. The village was not recorded in the
Domesday Book Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...
but was recorded as ''Tikehill'' sometime in the 12th century.


History


William I

Shortly after the Norman Invasion,
William I of England William the Conqueror (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death. A descendant of Rollo, he was ...
gave the lands around Tickhill to
Roger de Busli Roger de Busli (c. 1038 – c. 1099) was a Anglo-Normans, Norman baron who participated in the Norman conquest of England, conquest of England in 1066. Life Roger de Busli was born in or around 1038. His surname comes from the town now known as B ...
, who built a castle on a small hill.
David Hey David G. Hey (18 July 1938 – 14 February 2016) was an English historian, and was an authority on surnames and the local history of Yorkshire. Hey was the president of the British Association for Local History, and was a published author of sev ...
, ''Medieval South Yorkshire''
Richard de Busli, grandson of Roger's brother Arnold, co-founded nearby
Roche Abbey Roche Abbey is a now-ruined abbey in the civil parish of Maltby, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. It is in the valley of Maltby Dyke, known locally as Maltby Beck, and is administered by English Heritage. It is a scheduled monument and Gra ...
with Richard FitzTurgis in 1147.


Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Tickhill was the second most important town, after Doncaster, in what is now South Yorkshire. The
Domesday Book Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...
lists the settlement under the former estate centre at Dadsley, now lying on the northern edge of the town. Dadsley was served by a church atop All Hallows Hill, which by 1361 had been downgraded to a chapel. Evidence suggests that the chapel was unused after the
English Reformation The English Reformation began in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away first from the authority of the pope and bishops Oath_of_Supremacy, over the King and then from some doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church ...
, and was razed in the mid-17th century. Tickhill's eponymous hill was probably the base of what is now the
motte A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or Bailey (castle), bailey, surrounded by a protective Rampart (fortificati ...
of Tickhill Castle. The town grew up around the castle, and St Mary's was built soon after to replace All Hallows as the settlement's main church. Initially, Tickhill was one of England's most successful new towns. It gained a
friary A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which may ...
and St Leonard's Hospital. The Guild of St Cross was established in the town, and it is believed to have acted as the settlement's main governing body. In 1295, Tickhill sent two members to Parliament, but did not do so subsequently.


Sixteenth century

As castles declined in importance during the medieval period, so did Tickhill. By the 16th century, only a hall was occupied on the castle site, but the market and an annual fair on St Lawrence's Day survived. A little trade was gained from its position on the main road to
Bawtry Bawtry is a market town and civil parish in the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. It lies south-east of Doncaster, west of Gainsborough and north-west of Retford, on the border with Nottinghamshire and close to Lincolnshire. ...
. In 1777, a
butter cross A buttercross, butter cross or butter market cross is a type of market cross associated with English market towns and dating from medieval times. The name originates from the fact that the crosses were located in market places, where people w ...
was erected in the
marketplace A marketplace, market place, or just market, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a ''souk'' (from ...
in an attempt to revive the weekly market, but this ceased in the 1790s. Strafforth and Tickhill was one of the
wapentakes A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in the British Colony of ...
of the
West Riding of Yorkshire The West Riding of Yorkshire was one of three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the riding was an administrative county named County of York, West Riding. The Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire, lieu ...
. The Tickhill Psalter, an outstanding medieval illuminated manuscript was made in the
Worksop Priory Worksop Priory (formally the Priory Church of Our Lady and Saint Cuthbert, Worksop) is a Church of England parish church and former priory in the town of Worksop, Nottinghamshire, part of the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham and under the ...
Nottinghamshire, is currently on display in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
. It is named after John de Tickhill, born locally and who was made Prior of Worksop in the 14th century. The following records fro
St Mary's
Church, Tickhill are available at the Doncaster Archives: * Baptisms 1542–1895 * Marriages 1538–1910 * Burials 1537–1901 * Banns 1798–1838 * Index: Baptisms 1542–1718, 1771–1839 * Index: Marriages 1538–1677, 1754–1838 * Index: Burials 1538–1674, 1771–1855 * Bishop's transcripts 1600–1866


1900s

The Tickhill and Wadworth railway station was open from 1910 to 1929. There has been much debate whether to reopen this station.


Castle

Tickhill Castle was built by
Roger de Busli Roger de Busli (c. 1038 – c. 1099) was a Anglo-Normans, Norman baron who participated in the Norman conquest of England, conquest of England in 1066. Life Roger de Busli was born in or around 1038. His surname comes from the town now known as B ...
, one of the most powerful of the first wave of Norman magnates who had come to England with William the Conqueror. The castle had an eventful history in national life. It was held for the usurping prince John against his brother King
Richard I Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion () because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ru ...
, when the latter returned from abroad in 1194, after his absence on crusade, was the site of a three-week siege during baronial conflicts in 1322. In the civil war of the 1640s, its importance as a local centre of resistance led to its ‘slighting’ (intentional disabling) by
Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...
after the defeat of the royalist forces there in 1648. (
Conisbrough Conisbrough () is a town within the City of Doncaster, in South Yorkshire, England. It is roughly midway between Doncaster and Rotherham, and is built alongside the River Don, South Yorkshire, River Don at . It has a ward population (Conisbrou ...
, long disused as a fortress by this time, escaped such a fate.) Today, Tickhill castle remains an impressive ruin, retaining its Norman gatehouse, built in 1129–1130, the foundations of the 11-sided keep (one of only two in the world) on a mound high, built in 1178–9 on the model of the keep at Conisbrough, substantial defensive ditches, some parts of which remain as a moat, and walls enclosing an inner courtyard covering .


Jubilee Wood

In 2002 a new public access wood was planted as a Queen's Jubilee project. 'Jubilee Wood' consists of 2002 native trees in 4 acres of land next to the River Torne, south of Tickhill (OS map reference SK 599917).


Flooding


Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by
BBC Yorkshire BBC Yorkshire is one of the English regions of the BBC. It was formed from the division of the former BBC North region into BBC Yorkshire and BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, based in Kingston upon Hull. Serving West, North and South Yorkshir ...
and
ITV Yorkshire ITV Yorkshire, previously known as Yorkshire Television and commonly referred to as just YTV, is the British television service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the Yorkshire franchise area on the ITV (TV network), ITV network. Until 19 ...
(West). Television signals are received from the
Emley Moor The Emley Moor transmitting station is a telecommunications and broadcasting facility on Emley Moor, west of the village centre of Emley, in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It is made up of a concrete tower and apparatus that began ...
TV transmitter. The Belmont TV transmitter can also be received which broadcast
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, sometimes abbreviated to BBC Yorks & Lincs, is the name for the BBC's twelfth English Region, based in Kingston upon Hull and created from the division of the former BBC North region, based in Leeds (now known ...
and ITV Yorkshire (East). Local radio stations are BBC Radio Sheffield,
Heart Yorkshire Heart Yorkshire (previously Real Radio Yorkshire) was a regional radio station owned by Communicorp UK and operated by Global as part of the Heart network. It broadcasts to South and West Yorkshire.Capital Yorkshire Capital Yorkshire was a regional radio station owned by Global as part of the Capital network. It broadcast to South Yorkshire & North Derbyshire, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire. Capi ...
, Hits Radio South Yorkshire,
Sine FM Sine FM, sometimes known simply as Sine, is a community radio station based near the Eco-Power Stadium in Doncaster. It broadcasts 24/7 to the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster on 102.6 FM and to the world on its website''Sine FM.com'' History ...
,
Greatest Hits Radio South Yorkshire Greatest Hits Radio South Yorkshire is an Independent Local Radio station serving South Yorkshire and the North Midlands, which broadcasts as part of the Greatest Hits Radio network. As of March 2024, the station broadcasts to a weekly audie ...
, and TX1 Radio. The town is served by local newspaper, ''
Doncaster Free Press The ''Doncaster Free Press'' is a weekly newspaper in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It is owned by National World. Content of the newspaper The ''Free Press'', or ''DFP'' as it is sometimes known, is published each Thursday and is cu ...
''.


Notable residents

*
James Burbeary James Pashley Burbeary (c. 1822 – 21 July 1866) was an English first-class cricketer and solicitor. Burbeary was born in the town of Tickhill, West Riding of Yorkshire in 1822. He played first-class cricket for Sheffield (aka Yorkshire) betw ...
, cricketer *
William de Tickhill William de Tickhill (born c. 1290 – died after 1357) was an English priest, Crown official and judge who served very briefly as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer.Ball p.70 He took his name from his birthplace Tickhill, now in Doncaster but th ...
, 14th-century civil servant and judge *
Francis Fletcher Francis Fletcher (March 1, 1814 – October 7, 1871) was a prominent pioneer of the U.S. state of Oregon and a member of the Peoria Party.Dobbs Biography Born in Allerston, Yorkshire, England, he immigrated with his parents, William and Mary Fle ...
, late 16th-century Vicar of Tickhill, accompanied
Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( 1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English Exploration, explorer and privateer best known for making the Francis Drake's circumnavigation, second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition between 1577 and 1580 (bein ...
on his circumnavigation of the world * Thomas Milnes, (c. 1810 – 1888), sculptor *
Israel Tonge Israel Tonge (11 November 1621 – 1680), aka Ezerel or Ezreel Tongue, was an English divine. He was an informer in and probably one of the inventors of the "Popish" plot. Career Tonge was born at Tickhill, near Doncaster, the son of Henry To ...
, informer in the "Popish" plot


See also

* Tickhill Psalter * Listed buildings in Tickhill


References


External links


Tickhill Online

Tickhill on the GENUKI genealogical site

Tickhill & District Local History Society
{{authority control Towns in South Yorkshire Civil parishes in South Yorkshire