A
system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist
Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968, and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).
Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version (and other classification systems).
Texas A&M Flowering Plant Gateway
/ref> James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system together with several other classification systems.
For a discussion of the various suffixes
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns and adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can ca ...
used for superorders (''-florae'' ''vs.'' ''-anae''), see Brummitt 1992, and Thorne 1992. In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning ''-florae'' for ''-anae'', following contemporary practice.
1968 System
Monocotyledons
Superorders
* Superorder Alimatiflorae
* Superorder Triuridiflorae
* Superorder Liliiflorae
*: Order Liliales
Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...
* Superorder Ariflorae
* Superorder Commeliniflorae
1992 System
The 1992 system lists 69 orders and 440 families
Summary
* Class Magnoliopsida angiosperms *: Subclass Magnoliidae dicotyledons ">dicotyledons.html" ;"title=" dicotyledons"> dicotyledons *:: Superorder Magnolianae
*:: Superorder Nymphaeanae
*:: Superorder Rafflesianae
*:: Superorder Caryophyllanae
*:: Superorder Theanae
*:: Superorder Celastranae
*:: Superorder Malvanae
*:: Superorder Violanae
*:: Superorder Santalanae
*:: Superorder Geranianae
*:: Superorder Rutanae
*:: Superorder Proteanae
*:: Superorder Rosanae
*:: Superorder Cornanae
*:: Superorder Asteranae
*:: Superorder Solananae
*:: Superorder Loasanae
*:: Superorder Myrtanae
*:: Superorder Gentiananae
*: Subclass Liliidae monocotyledons *:: Superorder Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Ter ...
*:: Superorder Hydatellanae
*:: Superorder Triuridanae
*:: Superorder Alismatanae
*:: Superorder Aranae
Arales is an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass '' Arecidae'', circumscribed as (1981):
* order Arales
*: family Acoraceae
*: family Araceae
*: family Lemnaceae
In the classific ...
*:: Superorder Cyclanthanae
*:: Superorder Pandananae
*:: Superorder Arecanae
*:: Superorder Commelinanae
Magnoliidae
*: Subclass Magnoliidae dicotyledons *:: Superorder Magnolianae
*::: Order Magnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Magnoliales include: magnolias, Liriodendron, tulip trees, Annona squamosa, custard apples, Asimina triloba, American pawpaw, cherimoyas, Cananga odorata, ylang-ylang, Sours ...
*:::: Family Winteraceae
Winteraceae is a primitive family of tropical trees and shrubs including 93 species in five genera. It is of particular interest because it is such a primitive angiosperm family, distantly related to Magnoliaceae, though it has a much more south ...
*:::: Family Illiciaceae
*:::: Family Schisandraceae
*:::: Family Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: '' Magnolia'' and ''Liriodendron'' (tulip trees).
Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), ...
*:::: Family Degeneriaceae
*:::: Family Himantandraceae
*:::: Family Eupomatiaceae
*:::: Family Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest ...
*:::: Family Aristolochiaceae
The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is '' Aristolochia'' L.
Description
They are mostly perennial, her ...
*:::: Family Myristicaceae
The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, '' Myristica fragr ...
*:::: Family Canellaceae
*:::: Family Austrobaileyaceae
''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus in the plant family Austrobaileyaceae – the family is thus 'monotypic' as it includes a single child taxon. It is one of the basal angiosperm families, the most ancient group of flowering plants. The genu ...
*:::: Family Amborellaceae
*:::: Family Trimeniaceae
Trimeniaceae is a family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, ...
*:::: Family Chloranthaceae
Chloranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They a ...
*:::: Family Monimiaceae
The Monimiaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the magnoliid Order (biology), order Laurales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Monimiaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Gar ...
*:::: Family Gomortegaceae
*:::: Family Calycanthaceae
*:::: Family Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant Family (biology), family that includes the bay laurel, true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genus (biology), genera worldwide. They are dicotyled ...
*:::: Family Hernandiaceae
*:::: Family Lactoridaceae
*:::: Family Saururaceae
*:::: Family Piperaceae
The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family (biology), family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two mai ...
*::: Order Ceratophyllales
Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...
*:::: Family Ceratophyllaceae
*::: Order Nelumbonales
*:::: Family Nelumbonaceae
*::: Order Paeoniales
*:::: Family Paeoniaceae
The peony or paeony () is any flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'', the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguishe ...
*:::: Family Glaucidiaceae
*::: Order Berberidales
*:::: Family Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the ...
*:::: Family Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, ...
*:::: Family Sargentodoxaceae
*:::: Family Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family (biology), family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order (biology), order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority ...
*:::: Family Hydrastidaceae
*:::: Family Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family (biology), family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 spec ...
*:::: Family Circaeasteraceae
*:::: Family Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan dis ...
*:: Superorder Nymphaeanae
*::: Order Nymphaeales
The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-divergin ...
*:::: Family Cabombaceae
The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the APG IV system, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of ...
*:::: Family Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate climate, temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 know ...
*:: Superorder Rafflesianae
*::: Order Rafflesiales
*:::: Family Hydnoraceae
Hydnoroideae is a subfamily of holoparasitism, parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. Traditionally, and as recently as the APG III system it given family rank under the name Hydnoraceae. It is now submerged in the Aristolochiaceae. I ...
*:::: Family Rafflesiaceae
The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are e ...
*:: Superorder Caryophyllanae
*::: Order Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants with well-known members including cacti, carnations, beets, quinoa, spinach, amaranths, pigfaces and ice plants, oraches and saltbushes, goosefoots, sundews, Venu ...
*:::: Family Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranth ...
*:::: Family Portulacaceae
The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus '' Portulaca''. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera ...
*:::: Family Hectorellaceae
*:::: Family Basellaceae
Basellaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera:
* ''An ...
*:::: Family Didiereaceae
*:::: Family Cactaceae
A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, ...
*:::: Family Phytolaccaceae
Phytolaccaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unch ...
*:::: Family Petiveriaceae
Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in whi ...
*:::: Family Agdestidaceae
*:::: Family Barbeuiaceae
*:::: Family Achatocarpaceae
The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical Sout ...
*:::: Family Stegnospermataceae
''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by su ...
*:::: Family Nyctaginaceae
*:::: Family Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (), or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly known as 'ice plants' or 'carpet weeds'. The Aizoaceae are also referred to a ...
*:::: Family Halophytaceae
''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solitary f ...
*:::: Family Molluginaceae
The Molluginaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. It was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. The APG III system of 2009 made no change in the status of the family as compared ...
*:::: Family Chenopodiaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type (biology), type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 ...
*:::: Family Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, maki ...
*:: Superorder Theanae
*::: Order Theales
*:::: Family Dilleniaceae
Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species.
It is known to gardeners for the genus '' Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuable garden species.
Description and distribution
The family is ...
*:::: Family Actinidiaceae
The Actinidiaceae are a small family (biology), family of flowering plants. The family has three genus, genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales.
Distribution
They are temperate and subtropical woody plant, woody vines, ...
*:::: Family Paracryphiaceae
*:::: Family Stachyuraceae
*:::: Family Theaceae
Theaceae (), the tea family, is a family of flowering plants comprising shrubs and trees, including the economically important tea plant, and the ornamental camellias. It can be described as having from seven to 40 genera, depending on the sour ...
*:::: Family Asteropeiaceae
*:::: Family Tetrameristaceae
Tetrameristaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of three species, of trees or shrubs, in three genera:
* '' Pelliciera'' in Central and South America
* '' Pentamerista'' in the Guyanas
* '' Tetramerista'' in Southeast Asia
...
*:::: Family Pellicieraceae
*:::: Family Chrysobalanaceae
Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for rig ...
*:::: Family Symplocaceae
Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of flowering plants in the asterid group of the eudicots. Well-known and economically important members of this order include tea ...
*:::: Family Caryocaraceae
*:::: Family Marcgraviaceae
The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accom ...
*:::: Family Oncothecaceae
*:::: Family Aquifoliaceae
*:::: Family Phellinaceae
*:::: Family Sphenostemonaceae
*:::: Family Sarraceniaceae
*:::: Family Pentaphylacaceae
*:::: Family Clethraceae
The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, '' Clethra'' and '' Purdiaea'', with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, w ...
*:::: Family Cyrillaceae
The Cyrillaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, '' Cliftonia'' and '' Cyrilla'', each containing a single species, ''Clif ...
*:::: Family Ochnaceae
Ochnaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Can ...
*:::: Family Quiinaceae
*:::: Family Scytopetalaceae
*:::: Family Medusagynaceae
*:::: Family Strasburgeriaceae
Strasburgeriaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, only found in New Zealand and New Caledonia. It contains two Genus, genera, ''Strasburgeria'' and ''Ixerba''. Both genera have simple, evergreen, alternated lea ...
*:::: Family Ancistrocladaceae
''Ancistrocladus'' is a genus of woody lianas in the Monotypic taxon, monotypic family ''Ancistrocladaceae''. The branches climb by twining other stems or by scrambling with hooked tips. They are found in the tropics of the Old World.
Classific ...
*:::: Family Dioncophyllaceae
*:::: Family Nepenthaceae
*:::: Family Bonnetiaceae
Bonnetiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and 38 species. The family is Neotropical, with the exception of the genus '' Ploiarium'', which is found in Malesia. It is sister to the family Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or ...
*:::: Family Clusiaceae
The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...
*:::: Family Elatinaceae
*:::: Family Lecythidaceae
The Lecythidaceae ( ) comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.
Well known members of the family include the cannonball tree ...
*::: Order Ericales
The Ericales are a large and diverse order of flowering plants in the asterid group of the eudicots. Well-known and economically important members of this order include tea and ornamental camellias, persimmon, ebony, blueberry, cranberry, l ...
*:::: Family Ericaceae
The Ericaceae () are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread acros ...
*:::: Family Epacridaceae
*:::: Family Empetraceae
*::: Order Fouquieriales
*:::: Family Fouquieriaceae
*::: Order Styracales
*:::: Family Ebenaceae
*:::: Family Lissocarpaceae
*:::: Family Sapotaceae
240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India
The Sapotaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology)">order Ericales">family (biology)">family of flowering plants belonging to th ...
*:::: Family Styracaceae
The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The family is ...
*::: Order Primulales
*:::: Family Theophrastaceae
*:::: Family Myrsinaceae
*:::: Family Primulaceae
The Primulaceae ( ), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the Onagraceae, evening primrose family), are a family (biology), family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden pla ...
*:::: Family Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.
Most species in this family are perennial plant, perennial h ...
*::: Order Polygonales
Polygonales was an order of flowering plants recognized by several older systems such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964, and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription was typically:
* ord ...
*:::: Family Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants known Common name, informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The Botanical name, name is Basionym, based on the genus ''Polygonum'', ...
*:: Superorder Celastranae
*::: Order Celastrales
*:::: Family Celastraceae
The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the staf ...
*:::: Family Goupiaceae
*:::: Family Lophopyxidaceae
*:::: Family Stackhousiaceae
*:::: Family Corynocarpaceae
*:: Superorder Malvanae
*::: Order Malvales
The Malvales are an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within nine Family (biology), families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, w ...
*:::: Family Sterculiaceae
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plant based on the genus '' Sterculia''. Genera formerly included in Sterculiaceae are now placed in the family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioide ...
*:::: Family Huaceae
*:::: Family Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Ber ...
*:::: Family Plagiopteraceae
*:::: Family Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical re ...
*:::: Family Monotaceae
*:::: Family Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants with 22 genera and about 695 known species of mainly lowland tropical forest trees. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India ...
*:::: Family Sarcolaenaceae
*:::: Family Sphaerosepalaceae
*:::: Family Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus '' Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic poi ...
*:::: Family Malvaceae
Malvaceae (), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include Theobroma cacao, cacao, Cola (plant), cola, cotton, okra, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ...
*::: Order Urticales
Urticales is an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription. Am ...
*:::: Family Ulmaceae
The Ulmaceae () are a family (biology), family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), and the zelkovas (genus ''Zelkova''). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the Temperate, north temperate zone, and ha ...
*:::: Family Moraceae
Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their ...
*:::: Family Cecropiaceae
*:::: Family Barbeyaceae
*:::: Family Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeria ...
*:::: Family Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including '' Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberri ...
*::: Order Rhamnales
*:::: Family Rhamnaceae
The Rhamnaceae are a large Family (biology), family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales.
The family contains about 55 genera and 950 specie ...
*:::: Family Elaeagnaceae
The Elaeagnaceae are a plant family, the oleaster family, of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has about 60 species in ...
*::: Order Euphorbiales
*:::: Family Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of Euphorbia, the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as ''Euphorbia paralias'', ar ...
*:::: Family Aextoxicaceae
*:::: Family Simmondsiaceae
*:::: Family Dichapetalaceae
*:::: Family Gonystylaceae
*:::: Family Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family (biology), family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Webs ...
*:: Superorder Violanae
*::: Order Violales
*:::: Family Bixaceae
The Bixaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants commonly called the achiote family. Under the Cronquist system, the family was traditionally placed in the order Violales. However, newer arrangements move it, with some other families previousl ...
*:::: Family Cochlospermaceae
*:::: Family Cistaceae
The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in eight genera that are ...
*:::: Family Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus '' Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system plac ...
*:::: Family Flacourtiaceae
The Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various families, mostly to the Achariaceae and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it bec ...
*:::: Family Physenaceae
*:::: Family Lacistemataceae
*:::: Family Salicaceae
The Salicaceae are the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') includes the willows, poplars. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumsc ...
*:::: Family Dipentodontaceae
*:::: Family Peridiscaceae
Peridiscaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Saxifragales.Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. "Peridiscaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External li ...
*:::: Family Scyphostegiaceae
''Scyphostegia borneensis'' is a species of shrub or small tree endemic to Borneo. This unusual plant is the only species in the genus ''Scyphostegia''. In many taxonomic classifications the genus was placed in its own family, the Scyphostegiacea ...
*:::: Family Passifloraceae
*:::: Family Turneriaceae
*:::: Family Malesherbiaceae
*:::: Family Achariaceae
Achariaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and about 155 species of tropical herbs, shrubs, and trees. The APG IV system has greatly expanded the scope of the family by including many genera previously classified in Flac ...
*:::: Family Caricaceae
*:::: Family Tamaricaceae
*:::: Family Frankeniaceae
*:::: Family Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae (), also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family (biology), family consisting of about 965 species in 101 genera.
*:::: Family Begoniaceae
*:::: Family Datiscaceae
The Datiscaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus ''Datisca''. Two other genera, ''Octomeles'' and ''Tetrameles'', are now classified in the family Tetramelaceae.
Datiscaceae are large herbaceous plants, ...
*::: Order Brassicales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order (biology), order of flowering plants, belonging to the malvid group of eudicotyledons under the APG IV system. Well-known members of Brassicales include cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, broccoli, ...
*:::: Family Resedaceae
*:::: Family Capparaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about 1 ...
*:::: Family Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important Family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous pla ...
*:::: Family Salvadoraceae
*:::: Family Gyrostemonaceae
*::: Order Batales
*:::: Family Bataceae
*:: Superorder Santalanae
*::: Order Santalales
The Santalales are an order (biology), order of flowering plants in the dicotyledons. Well-known members of the Santalales include Santalum, sandalwoods and the many species of mistletoes. The order has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is heavily ...
*:::: Family Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it int ...
*:::: Family Opiliaceae
*:::: Family Medusandraceae
*:::: Family Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial plants, perennial herbs, and epiphyte, epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.'Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-1 ...
*:::: Family Misodendraceae
''Misodendrum'' is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of ''Nothofagus''. Its species are all restricted to South America. The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including ''Misodendron'' ...
*:::: Family Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are '' Nuytsia floribunda'' (the ...
*:::: Family Eremolepidaceae
*:::: Family Viscaceae
Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant tax ...
*::: Order Balanophorales
*:::: Family Balanophoraceae
The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alterna ...
*:::: Family Cynomoriaceae
*:: Superorder Geranianae
*::: Order Linales
*:::: Family Humiriaceae
*:::: Family Ctenolophonaceae
*:::: Family Hugoniaceae
*:::: Family Ixonanthaceae
*:::: Family Linaceae
Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae.
Description
The leaves of the Linaceae are always simple; arran ...
*:::: Family Erythroxylaceae
*:::: Family Zygophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera.
Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...
*:::: Family Balanitaceae
*::: Order Rhizophorales
*:::: Family Rhizophoraceae
The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...
*::: Order Geraniales
Geraniales is a small order (biology), order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family (biology), family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller ...
*:::: Family Oxalidaceae
The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...
*:::: Family Geraniaceae
Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus '' Geranium''. The family includes both the genus '' Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants call ...
*:::: Family Balsaminaceae
The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera: ''Impatiens'', which consists of over 1000 species, and '' Hydrocera'', consisting of 1 species. The flowering plants may be an ...
*:::: Family Tropaeolaceae
*:::: Family Limnanthaceae
*::: Order Polygalales
Fabales is an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including the s ...
*:::: Family Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World ( ...
*:::: Family Trigoniaceae
*:::: Family Vochysiaceae
Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order Myrtales.
Description
Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1-(3)-5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules.
Biogeography
...
*:::: Family Polygalaceae
*:::: Family Krameriaceae
''Krameria'' is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried ...
*:: Superorder Rutanae
*::: Order Rutales
*:::: Family Rutaceae
The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rue[RUTACEAE](_blank)
in Bo ...
*:::: Family Rhabdodendraceae
''Rhabdodendron'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Rhabdodendraceae. It comprises three species of Tropics, tropical South American trees.
It is placed in its own family (biology), family, Rhabdodendraceae, which has only been recogni ...
*:::: Family Cneoraceae
*:::: Family Simaroubaceae
The Simaroubaceae, also known as the quassia family, are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phyloge ...
*:::: Family Picramniaceae
*:::: Family Ptaeroxylaceae
*:::: Family Meliaceae
Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales.
They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncarp ...
*:::: Family Burseraceae
The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of woody flowering plants. The actual numbers given in taxonomic sources differ according to taxonomic revision at the time of writing. The Burseraceae are also ...
*:::: Family Anacardiaceae
The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
*:::: Family Leitneriaceae
*:::: Family Tepuianthaceae
*:::: Family Coriariaceae
*:::: Family Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include Aesculus, horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.
The ...
*:::: Family Sabiaceae
*:::: Family Melianthaceae
*:::: Family Akaniaceae
*:::: Family Bretschneideraceae
*:::: Family Moringaceae
*:::: Family Surianaceae
The Surianaceae are a family of plants in the order Fabales with five genera and eight known species. It has an unusual distribution: the genus '' Recchia'' is native to Mexico, and the sole member of '' Suriana'', '' S. maritima'', is a c ...
*:::: Family Connaraceae
Connaraceae is a pan-tropical plant family of 19 genera and more than 180 species of largely evergreen trees, woody shrubs and climbers.
The family was first described by Robert Brown in 1816 and the name has been conserved.
Distribution
Connar ...
*:::: Family Fabaceae
Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,[International Code of Nomen ...](_blank)
*:: Superorder Proteanae
*::: Order Proteales
Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists.
The representatives of the Proteales can be very different from each other due to their very early d ...
*:::: Family Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family (biology), family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genus, genera with about 1,660 known species. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentr ...
*:: Superorder Rosanae
*::: Order Hamamelidales
*:::: Family Trochodendraceae
*:::: Family Eupteleaceae
*:::: Family Cercidiphyllaceae
*:::: Family Platanaceae
Platanaceae, the plane family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Proteales. The family consists of only a single extant taxon, extant genus ''Platanus'', with twelve known species. The plants are tall trees, native ...
*:::: Family Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier system ...
*::: Order Casuarinales
*:::: Family Casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...
*::: Order Balanopales
*:::: Family Buxaceae
The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (''Notobuxus''), has been shown by ...
*:::: Family Didymelaceae
*:::: Family Daphniphyllaceae
*:::: Family Balanopaceae
*::: Order Bruniales
*:::: Family Roridulaceae
*:::: Family Bruniaceae
*:::: Family Geissolomataceae
*:::: Family Grubbiaceae
*:::: Family Myrothamnaceae
''Myrothamnus'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of two species of small xerophytic shrubs, in the southern parts of tropical Africa and in Madagascar. ''Myrothamnus'' is recognized as the only genus in the family Myrothamnaceae.
Myro ...
*:::: Family Hydrostachyaceae
*::: Order Juglandales
Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and ...
*:::: Family Rhoipteleaceae
*:::: Family Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.
The nine or ten genera in the family have ...
*:::: Family Myricaceae
Myricaceae is a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales with its type genus ''Myrica'', the sweet gales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from Myrica into a fo ...
*::: Order Betulales
*:::: Family Ticodendraceae
*:::: Family Betulaceae
Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams, numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of ...
*:::: Family Nothofagaceae
''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guin ...
*:::: Family Fagaceae
The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species ...
*::: Order Rosales
Rosales (, ) are an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) Well-known members of Rosales include: ...
*:::: Family Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
The name is derived from the type genus '' Rosa''. The family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are deciduous, but som ...
*:::: Family Neuradaceae
*:::: Family Crossosomataceae
Crossosomataceae is a small plant family, consisting of four genera of shrubs found only in the dry parts of the American southwest and Mexico. This family has included up to ten species in the past, although as of 2021 six species are still rec ...
*:::: Family Anisophylleaceae
*::: Order Saxifragales
Saxifragales is an order (biology), order of flowering plants in the Superrosids, superrosid clade of the eudicots. It contains 15 Families (biology), families and around 100 genera, with nearly 2,500 species. Well-known and economically import ...
*:::: Family Tetracarpaeaceae
*:::: Family Crassulaceae
The Crassulaceae (, from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the crassulas, the stonecrops or the orpine family, are a diverse Family (biology), family of dicotyledon angiosperms primarily characterized by succulent leaves and a form of phot ...
*:::: Family Cephalotaceae
*:::: Family Penthoraceae
*:::: Family Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot Order (biology), order Saxifragales. The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the ...
*:::: Family Francoaceae
The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera '' Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes. Under the 2009 A ...
*:::: Family Grossulariaceae
''Ribes'' () is a genus of about 200 known species of flowering plants, most of them native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species may be known as various kinds of currants, such as redcurrants, blackcurrants, and whi ...
*:::: Family Vahliaceae
''Vahlia'' is a genus of herbs and subshrubs that grow in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. There are at least five species.
The genus is placed alone in family Vahliaceae. This family had previously been placed in the order Saxifragales, an ...
*:::: Family Eremosynaceae
*:::: Family Lepuropetalaceae
*:::: Family Parnassiaceae
*:::: Family Stylidiaceae
*:::: Family Droseraceae
Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera, the vast majority being in the sundew genus '' Drosera''. The family also contains the wel ...
*:::: Family Greyiaceae
*:::: Family Diapensiaceae
Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include '' Berneuxia'' Decne. (1 species), '' Diapensia'' L. (5 species), '' Galax'' Sims (1 species), '' Pyxidanthera'' Michx. (2 species), '' ...
*::: Order Podostemales
*:::: Family Podostemaceae
Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs.
Distribution and habitat
They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide ...
*::: Order Cunoniales
*:::: Family Cunoniaceae
*:::: Family Davidsoniaceae
*:::: Family Staphyleaceae
Staphyleaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to Europe, temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas. The largest genus ''Staphylea'', which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. ...
*:: Superorder Cornanae
*::: Order Hydrangeales
*:::: Family Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangeaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe.
Description
The genera are characterised by leaves in opposite pairs (rarely whorled or ...
*:::: Family Escalloniaceae
Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 130 species in eight genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has pro ...
*:::: Family Carpodetaceae
*:::: Family Griseliniaceae
*:::: Family Alseuosmiaceae
*:::: Family Montiniaceae
*:::: Family Brexiaceae
*:::: Family Columelliaceae
*:::: Family Desfontainiaceae
*::: Order Cornales
*:::: Family Vitaceae
The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as Vitis, grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). Th ...
*:::: Family Gunneraceae
*:::: Family Haloragaceae
Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.
Description
The Haloragaceae ...
*:::: Family Cornaceae
The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, '' Alangium'' and '' Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, ...
*:::: Family Curtisiaceae
*:::: Family Alangiaceae
*:::: Family Garryaceae
*:::: Family Aucubaceae
*:::: Family Aralidiaceae
*:::: Family Eucommiaceae
*:::: Family Icacinaceae
The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family (biology), family of flowering plants,"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below).
consisting of trees, shrub ...
*:::: Family Metteniusaceae
Metteniusaceae are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the order Metteniusales. It consists of about 10 genera and 50 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. The family was formerly restricted to just '' Mette ...
*:::: Family Cardiopteridaceae
Cardiopteridaceae is a eudicot Family (biology), family of flowering plants. It consists of about 43 species of trees, shrubs, and Woody plant, woody vines, mostly of the tropics, but with a few in Temperateness, temperate regions.Vernon H. Heywo ...
*:::: Family Peripterygiaceae
*::: Order Pittosporales
*:::: Family Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian r ...
*:::: Family Byblidaceae
*:::: Family Tremandraceae
*::: Order Araliales
*:::: Family Helwingiaceae
The genus ''Helwingia'' consists of shrubs or rarely small trees native to eastern Asia, the Himalayas, and northern Indochina. It is the only genus in the family Helwingiaceae.
Description
The plants have alternate, evergreen or deciduous leave ...
*:::: Family Torricelliaceae
*:::: Family Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely ...
*:::: Family Hydrocotylaceae
*:::: Family Apiaceae
Apiaceae () or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium,'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering p ...
*::: Order Dipsacales
The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. In the APG III system of 2009, the order includes only two families, Adoxaceae and a broadly defined Caprifoliaceae. Some well-known members of ...
*:::: Family Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species in 33 to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and easte ...
*:::: Family Adoxaceae
Adoxaceae, commonly known as moschatel family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, now consisting of five genera and about 150–200 species. They are characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rar ...
*:::: Family Valerianaceae
*:::: Family Triplostegiaceae
*:::: Family Dipsacaceae
*:::: Family Morinaceae
*:: Superorder Asteranae
*::: Order Asterales
Asterales ( ) is an Order (biology), order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large Family (biology), family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of Floret#floret, florets, and ten families related to th ...
*:::: Family Calyceraceae
*:::: Family Asteraceae
Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...
*::: Order Campanulales
*:::: Family Menyanthaceae
Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in six genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submers ...
*:::: Family Pentaphragmataceae
*:::: Family Sphenocleaceae
*:::: Family Campanulaceae
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants bel ...
*:::: Family Goodeniaceae
*:: Superorder Solananae
*::: Order Solanales
*:::: Family Solanaceae
Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...
*:::: Family Duckeodendraceae
*:::: Family Goetzeaceae
*:::: Family Nolanaceae
*:::: Family Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweed, bindweeds or morning glory, morning glories, is a Family (biology), family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, sh ...
*:::: Family Hydrophyllaceae
*:::: Family Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the Borago, borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genus, genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single famil ...
*:::: Family Hoplestigmataceae
*:::: Family Lennoaceae
*:::: Family Tetrachondraceae
*:::: Family Polemoniaceae
*:: Superorder Loasanae
*::: Order Loasales
*:::: Family Loasaceae
*:: Superorder Myrtanae
*::: Order Myrtales
*:::: Family Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, including 32 genus, genera, with about 620 species of Herbaceous plant, herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea (pl ...
*:::: Family Alzateaceae
''Alzatea verticillata'' is a small flowering tree, native to the Neotropics. It inhabits moist submontane forests from Costa Rica and Panama in Central America south to Peru and Bolivia in tropical South America. It is the sole species of genus ...
*:::: Family Rhynchocalycaceae
*:::: Family Penaeaceae
*:::: Family Oliniaceae
*:::: Family Trapaceae
*:::: Family Crypteroniaceae
*:::: Family Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae () is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs ...
*:::: Family Combretaceae
The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, G ...
*:::: Family Onagraceae
The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees[Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae (), the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All ...]
*:: Superorder Gentiananae
*::: Order Gentianales
*:::: Family Loganiaceae
*:::: Family Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
*:::: Family Dialypetalanthaceae
*:::: Family Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (, from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Notable mem ...
*:::: Family Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1600 species.
Etymology
The family takes its name from the genus ''Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius.
Distribution
Distribution is cosmopolitan (species), cosm ...
*:::: Family Saccifoliaceae
*::: Order Scrophulariales
*:::: Family Oleaceae
Oleaceae, also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Gree ...
*:::: Family Buddlejaceae
*:::: Family Stilbaceae
*:::: Family Bignoniaceae
Bignoniaceae () is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Lamiales commonly known as the bignonias or trumpet vines.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant ...
*:::: Family Pedaliaceae
Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order (biology), order Lamiales.
The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of sesame seeds.
It comprises 13 genera and approx ...
*:::: Family Martyniaceae
*:::: Family Myoporaceae
*:::: Family Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
*:::: Family Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Ges ...
*:::: Family Globulariaceae
*:::: Family Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as Antirrhinum, snapdragon and Digitalis, foxglove. It is unrelated ...
*:::: Family Lentibulariaceae
*:::: Family Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae () is a Family (biology), family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are Tropics, tropical Herbaceous plant, herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epip ...
*:::: Family Callitrichaceae
*:::: Family Hippuridaceae
*:::: Family Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.
T ...
*:::: Family Phrymaceae
Phrymaceae, also known as the lopseed family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Phrymaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Websi ...
*:::: Family Symphoremataceae
*:::: Family Nesogenaceae
*:::: Family Avicenniaceae
*:::: Family Lamiaceae
The Lamiaceae ( )
or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil (herb), ba ...
Liliidae
*: Subclass Liliidae monocotyledons *:: Superorder Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Ter ...
*::: Order Liliales
Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...
*:::: Family Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered member ...
*:::: Family Campynemataceae
*:::: Family Alstroemeriaceae
*:::: Family Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; ...
*:::: Family Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fai ...
*:::: Family Trilliaceae
Trilliaceae was a family of flowering plants first named in 1846; however, most taxonomists now consider the genera formerly assigned to it to belong to the family Liliaceae. The APG IV system, of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), d ...
*:::: Family Iridaceae
Iridaceae () is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the Iris (plant), irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically importan ...
*::: Order Burmanniales
*:::: Family Burmanniaceae
Burmanniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 99 species of herbaceous plants in eight genera.
Description
These plants are annual or perennial herbs, with generally unbranched stems, some lacking leaves. Some members of this fam ...
*:::: Family Corsiaceae
*::: Order Asparagales
Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) are a diverse order of flowering plants in the monocots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification, Asparagales are the largest order of monocots with 14 families, 1,122 genera, and about 36,00 ...
*:::: Family Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, '' Asparagus officinalis''. This family includes both ...
*:::: Family Luzuriagaceae
*:::: Family Asphodelaceae
Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 4 ...
*:::: Family Aphyllanthaceae
*:::: Family Phormiaceae
*:::: Family Tecophilaeaceae
Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species.
The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (u ...
*:::: Family Lanariaceae
*:::: Family Hemerocallidaceae
*:::: Family Asteliaceae
Asteliaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.
The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 1998 and 2003 versions) does recognize this ...
*:::: Family Hanguanaceae
*:::: Family Agavaceae
*:::: Family Hostaceae
*:::: Family Blandfordiaceae
*:::: Family Dasypogonaceae
Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants based on the type genus '' Dasypogon'', one that has traditionally not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid ...
*:::: Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
*:::: Family Ixioliriaceae
*:::: Family Hyacinthaceae
*:::: Family Alliaceae
*:::: Family Amaryllidaceae
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryl ...
*:::: Family Hypoxidaceae
*:::: Family Velloziaceae
Velloziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales.
Relationships and evolution
By contrast to oth ...
*:::: Family Cyanastraceae
*:::: Family Eriospermaceae
*::: Order Dioscoreales
The Dioscoreales are an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants, organized under modern classification systems, such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group or the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. Among monocot plants, Dioscoreales are grouped with the ...
*:::: Family Philesiaceae
*:::: Family Ripogonaceae
*:::: Family Petermanniaceae
*:::: Family Smilacaceae
*:::: Family Dioscoreaceae
*:::: Family Trichopodaceae
*:::: Family Stemonaceae
*:::: Family Taccaceae
*::: Order Orchidales
*:::: Family Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...
*:: Superorder Hydatellanae
*::: Order Hydatellales
*:::: Family Hydatellaceae
''Trithuria'' is a genus of small ephemeral aquatic herb that represent the only members of the family Hydatellaceae found in India, Australia, and New Zealand. Almost all described species of ''Trithuria'' are found in Australia, with the exce ...
*:: Superorder Triuridanae
*::: Order Triuridales
*:::: Family Triuridaceae
Triuridaceae are a family of tropical and subtropical flowering plants, including nine genera with a total of approximately 55 known species. All members lack chlorophyll and are mycoheterotrophic (obtain food by digesting intracellular fungi, o ...
*:: Superorder Alismatanae
*::: Order Alismatales
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Perhaps the most important food cro ...
*:::: Family Butomaceae
*:::: Family Alismataceae
The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 20 genera (17 extant and 3 fossil) and 119 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northe ...
*:::: Family Hydrocharitaceae
*::: Order Potamogetonales
*:::: Family Aponogetonaceae
*:::: Family Scheuchzeriaceae
*:::: Family Juncaginaceae
*:::: Family Potamogetonaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over five genera. The largest genus in the family by far is '' Potamogeton'', ...
*:::: Family Posidoniaceae
''Posidonia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It contains nine species of marine plants (" seagrass"), found in the seas of the Mediterranean and around the south coast of Australia.
The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) accept this ...
*:::: Family Cymodoceaceae
Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species.
The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The ...
*:::: Family Zannichelliaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over five genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', ...
*:::: Family Zosteraceae
Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses ...
*:: Superorder Aranae
Arales is an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass '' Arecidae'', circumscribed as (1981):
* order Arales
*: family Acoraceae
*: family Araceae
*: family Lemnaceae
In the classific ...
*::: Order Acorales
''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the oldes ...
*:::: Family Acoraceae
*::: Order Arales
*:::: Family Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...
*:::: Family Lemnaceae
Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose fr ...
*:: Superorder Cyclanthanae
*::: Order Cyclanthales
*:::: Family Cyclanthaceae
*:: Superorder Pandananae
*::: Order Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where ...
*:::: Family Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa to the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, with s ...
*:: Superorder Arecanae
*::: Order Arecales
Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely named as such only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. The order includes palms and relatives.
Taxonomy ...
*:::: Family Arecaceae
The Arecaceae () is a family (biology), family of perennial plant, perennial, flowering plants in the Monocotyledon, monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbing palm, climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly k ...
*:: Superorder Commelinanae
*::: Order Bromeliales
*:::: Family Bromeliaceae
The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...
*::: Order Philydrales
*:::: Family Philydraceae
*:::: Family Pontederiaceae
Pontederiaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants.
The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the co ...
*:::: Family Haemodoraceae
*::: Order Typhales
*:::: Family Typhaceae
The Typhaceae () are a family of flowering plants, sometimes called the cattail family. The botanical name for the family has been recognized by most taxonomists.
Description
Members can be recognized as large marsh herbs with alternate two-rank ...
*::: Order Zingiberales
The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morpholog ...
*:::: Family Musaceae
Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves w ...
*:::: Family Strelitziaceae
The Strelitziaceae comprise a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The three genera with seven sp ...
*:::: Family Lowiaceae
*:::: Family Heliconiaceae
*:::: Family Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical ...
*:::: Family Costaceae
*:::: Family Cannaceae
*:::: Family Marantaceae
*::: Order Commelinales
*:::: Family Rapateaceae
The Rapateaceae are a family of flowering plants. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists.
The APG II system of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. T ...
*:::: Family Xyridaceae
The Xyridaceae are a family of flowering plants. This family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the yellow-eyed grass family.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, ...
*:::: Family Commelinaceae
Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kn ...
*:::: Family Mayacaceae
*:::: Family Eriocaulaceae
The Eriocaulaceae are a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distri ...
*::: Order Juncales
*:::: Family Thurniaceae
The Thurniaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of two genera with four species. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists.
The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales ...
*:::: Family Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and ...
*:::: Family Cyperaceae
The Cyperaceae () are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as wikt:sedge, sedges. The family (biology), family is large; botanists have species description, described some 5,500 known species in about 90 ...
*::: Order Poales
The Poales are a large order (biology), order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the Poaceae, grasses, bromeliads, Juncaceae, rushes and Cyperaceae, sedges. 14 plant families are currently recogniz ...
*:::: Family Flagellariaceae
*:::: Family Joinvilleaceae
*:::: Family Restionaceae
The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former famil ...
*:::: Family Ecdeiocoleaceae
*:::: Family Centrolepidaceae
Centrolepidaceae was a family of flowering plants now included in Restionaceae following APG IV (2016). The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists.
The APG III system of 2009 recognized the family, as did the APG II system of ...
*:::: Family Poaceae
Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...
2007 System
The 2007 system lists 12 subclasses, 35 superorders, 87 orders, 40 suborders, and 472 families. It uses the ''suffixes'' given in the following example.
Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae") - 12 subclasses
* Subclass Magnoli''idae''
** Superorder: Magnoli''anae''
*** Order: Magnoli''ales''
**** SubOrder: Magnoli''ineae''
***** Family: Magnoli''aceae''
****** SubFamily: Magnoli''oideae''
******* Tribe: Magnoli''eae''
;Subclasses (12)
* 1. Chloranthidae
* 2. Magnoliidae dicotyledons* 3. Alismatidae {{Short description, Subclass of flowering plants
Alismatidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being t ...
* 4. Liliidae - 3 superorders
** Pandananae
** Dioscoreanae
** Lilianae
Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Ter ...
- 3 orders
*** Liliales
Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...
- 12 families
**** Corsiaceae Becc., 1878
**** Campynemataceae Dumort., 1829
**** Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered member ...
Batsch ex Borkh., 1797
**** Trilliaceae
Trilliaceae was a family of flowering plants first named in 1846; however, most taxonomists now consider the genera formerly assigned to it to belong to the family Liliaceae. The APG IV system, of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), d ...
Chevall., 1827
**** Petermanniaceae Hutch., 1934
**** Luzuriagaceae Lotsy, 1911 (''incl. Drymophila R. Br.'')
**** Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., 1829
**** Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; ...
DC., 1804
**** Rhipogonaceae Conran & Clifford, 1985
**** Philesiaceae Dumort., 1829
**** Smilacaceae Vent., 1799
**** Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fai ...
Juss., 1789
*** Orchidales
*** Iridales
* 5. Commelinidae
* 6. Ranunculidae
* 7. Hamamelididae
* 8. Caryophyllidae
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants with well-known members including cacti, carnations, beets, quinoa, spinach, amaranths, pigfaces and ice plants, oraches and saltbushes, goosefoots, sundews, Venus ...
* 9. Rosidae
* 10. Malvidae
* 11. Asteridae
* 12. Lamiidae
''Note:'' Monocotyledons are represented here by 3 separate subclasses 3–5
References
Bibliography
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Works by Thorne
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{{List of systems of plant taxonomy
system, Thorne (1992)