The West~Bound Limited
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The West~Bound Limited is a 1923 American silent
melodrama A melodrama is a Drama, dramatic work in which plot, typically sensationalized for a strong emotional appeal, takes precedence over detailed characterization. Melodrama is "an exaggerated version of drama". Melodramas typically concentrate on ...
film directed by
Emory Johnson Alfred Emory Johnson (March 16, 1894 – April 18, 1960) was an American actor, director, producer, and writer. As a teenager, he started acting in silent films. Early in his career, Carl Laemmle chose Emory to become a Universal Studio lead ...
. FBO released the film in April 1923. The film's "All-Star" cast included Ralph Lewis,
Claire McDowell Claire McDowell ( MacDowell; November 2, 1877 – October 23, 1966) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 350 films between 1908 and 1945. Early years Claire MacDowell was born in New York City on November 2, 1877, the da ...
, Johnny Harron, and
Ella Hall Ella Augusta Hall (March 17, 1896 – September 3, 1981) was an American actress. She appeared in more than 90 films between 1912 and 1933. Early years Ella Augusta Hall was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on March 17, 1896. Her family moved ...
. Emilie Johnson, Johnson's mother, wrote both the story and screenplay. was the third film in Johnson's eight-picture contract with FBO. Esther Miller, the daughter of the railway President, and her mother are riding horses alongside the railroad tracks. When Ester tries to cross the tracks, her horse gets its hoof caught on the track. While attempting to help the horse, Ester also becomes entangled. Railroad engineer Bill Buckley is steaming down the mainline towards the helpless Esther and her horse. Bill Buckley's son, Johnny, rescues her at the last minute. Esther develops an instant affection for her newfound hero. A grateful Esther gives Johnny her horse, and a content father provides the Buckley family with a new home. Soon, the President's general counselor, J. Lawrence Wilton, reveals he has feelings for Esther and is plotting to win Esther's hand in marriage. Wilton arranges a chain of machinations involving Esther, Bill Buckley, Mrs. Buckley, and Johnny. Johnny thwarts Wilton's schemes and saves his father and hundreds of train passengers from disaster. Johnny rescues Esther from the villainous Wilton and falls in love. Wilton's intrigues finally reap their just rewards, and everybody lives happily ever after. The film was released on April 15, 1923.


Plot

Bernard Miller is the President of a railroad, and Lawrence Wilton is his general counselor. Both are traveling in an open car, paralleling the tracks when they see Bill Buckley's engine steaming down the rails. Miller's only daughter, Esther, and her mother ride horses in the same area. When Esther attempts to go over a
level crossing A level crossing is an intersection where a railway line crosses a road, Trail, path, or (in rare situations) airport runway, at the same level, as opposed to the railway line or the road etc. crossing over or under using an Overpass#Railway, o ...
, her horse gets caught in the tracks and falls. The fallen horse traps Esther. Bill Buckley's son, Johnny, sees Esther's plight from his telegraph hut. With Bill Buckley's engine bearing down, Johnny rushes to save Esther and frees her at the last second. A grateful Esther gives Johnny her horse, and their close encounter has prompted romantic feelings in Esther. After watching the rescue, Miller tells Wilton he plans to reward the Buckley family with a house. The following morning, Wilton drives the Millers to the passenger depot for an arranged trip to San Francisco. As Wilton is leaving, a man approaches him and demands money. He threatens Wilton by claiming he will "spill the beans about you and your kid." Wilton gives him cash and rides off. Wilton visits Buckley's home and shows Mrs. Buckley the deed to their new home. Mrs. Buckley tells Wilton to keep the gift a secret because she wants to surprise her husband. When Bill Buckley comes to work, he learns he has a new crew member – Collins. The crewman is the same man who extorted Wilton for cash. Buckley mounts his engine along with Collins and starts his daily run. Buckley notices Collins take a quick drink from a bottle he had concealed. Collins offers Buckley a drink, which he refuses, and a struggle ensues with Buckley finally tossing the bottle out of the cab. Buckley's Westbound 99 arrives two hours early, and Collins is drunk. A supervisor sees a drunken Collins and fires him. Collins blames Buckley and swears revenge. Johnny's dog appears at the Miller home. Esther sees the dog and comes up with a plan to see Johnny. She attaches a note to the dog's collar, telling Johnny to look for smoke from the chimney. It will be a signal that Wilton has left the house. The dog returns to Johnny's shack. Johnny reads the request and smiles. At the Miller home, Wilton tells the housemaid to "Have Sylvester bring the roadster around for me — then he can take you marketing in the other car." Esther hears Wilton's request and starts stacking wood in the fireplace. Wilton has second thoughts, realizing that he will be alone with Esther if he remains. He returns to the house as Esther lights a fire in the fireplace. Wilton asks her if she would like to drive to town, but she declines. He shuts the door, walks over to Esther, and tries to kiss her. Esther resists Wilton's advances. Wilton grabs her and throws her on the couch. She screams and continues struggling while smoking logs burn in the fireplace. Johnny sees the smoke and starts galloping toward the house. Johnny arrives at the Miller house and senses Esther's in trouble. He goes inside Miller's home and rushes toward the source of the screams. He breaks down the door, finds Wilton trying to assault Esther, and the two men struggle. Wilton draws a pistol, and a shot rings out. Bill Buckley is walking up to the front porch of the Miller house. Buckley wants to inquire about his old home when he hears a gunshot. Buckley runs inside and discovers his son and Wilton grappling with a gun. He takes the pistol out of Wilton's hands and threatens him. Johnny calms his dad, then leaves with Esther. Bill Buckley and Esther drive off in the roadster, trailing Johnny mounted on his horse. Johnny leads his dad to their new home. Johnny tells his dad that Esther's father gave them the house, but Mrs. Buckley wants to surprise him. Mother Buckley and their adopted son, Henry, rush out to greet them. The Millers are relaxing in a San Francisco hotel. Mr. Miller receives a letter from Esther. She begs the couple to return home. The following morning, Wilton discovers the Millers are returning home on a special train. Collins shows up at the house. He confronts Wilton, saying he needs more cash because Buckley fired him. Wilton hatches a nefarious plan. Bill Buckley's Westbound 99 will steam down the mainline in one direction. In contrast, Miller's special train 66 will travel down the same track from the opposite direction. Since Miller's special will have priority, Johnny Buckley will have to signal his father to stop and move his train to a siding. The two trains will collide if Johnny fails, killing Bill Buckley and the Millers. They will blame Johnny for the crash. Wilton will assume the presidency of the railroad and become Esther's guardian. Johnny receives instructions from the dispatcher to flag down "99" and park his train. Johnny promptly raises the red light. However, Collins climbs the signal pole and covers the red light with a green filter. As Bill Buckley steams down the track, he sees the green light and blows past the stop signal. Johnny telegraphs the dispatcher, "99" missed the stop signal, and he will take a shortcut to flag down the trains. Johnny mounts his horse and gallops into the darkness. Soon he reaches the edge of a steep embankment. He must reach the bottom of the hill to flag the trains. The horse stumbles as they descend, and both somersault down the hill. When Johnny hits the bottom, he has a broken leg. Since the injury prevents him from signaling the trains, he lights a fire. He hopes both engineers will view the brush fire and halt their engines. The Miller special is barreling down the track when the engineer notices the brushfire. He stops his train to investigate. Bill Buckley, coming from the opposite direction, sees the same fire stop his train. They avert the head-on collision. Johnny lights a railroad flare, and Bill Buckley sees the torch and rushes towards the bright light. Buckley sees his son lying helpless at the edge of the brushfire, rescues him, and carries him to safety. Wilton shows up at the Buckley home to fetch Esther. Mother Buckley says Esther is not there, but Wilton finds her hiding in a closet. A struggle ensues, but Esther escapes. Mother Buckley grapples with Wilton, but he throws her to the floor. A gun appears, and someone fires a shot, wounding Wilton. Buckley's adopted son, Henry, is gripping the pistol. Wilton looks at Henry and says – "by my flesh and blood." Buckley's orphan lad turns out to be Wilton's mysterious son. In the last scene, Johnny and Esther are on the back of a train departing on their honeymoon.


Cast


Production


Pre production


Development

Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) was an energetic, independent American
silent era A silent film is a film without synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, wh ...
film studio. The company released around 110 features and shorts a year. The company focused on producing low-budget films emphasizing first-class westerns, action films, romantic melodramas, and comedy shorts. The company mainly distributed its pictures to small-town venues and independent theater chains, which changed their pictures three times a week. FBO would make their pictures appeal to every member of the American family. The average cost per production was $50,000 to $75,000 equivalent to $ to $ in 2021 compared to the
Major film studios Major film studios are filmmaking, production and film distributor, distribution companies that release a substantial number of films annually and consistently command a significant share of box office revenue in a given market. In the American ...
which could spend five times as much to produce a movie. also produced and distributed a limited number of big-budget
features Feature may refer to: Computing * Feature recognition, could be a hole, pocket, or notch * Feature (computer vision), could be an edge, corner or blob * Feature (machine learning), in statistics: individual measurable properties of the phenome ...
labeled "Gold Bond" or "Special" productions. Emory Johnson's eight films for FBO were all specials. This film would be classified as a Super-Special. In 1923, Emilie and Emory Johnson signed a contract extension with FBO. The contract was for 2 years. The agreement stipulated Emory was to make eight attractions for FBO. The agreement specified that his previous four films would count toward the total. FBO also agreed to invest two and a half million dollars (In today's money – ) on the remaining four films. Another part of the new contract stipulated – "The contract also provides that Emory Johnson's mother, Mrs. Emilie Johnson, shall prepare all of the stories and write all the scripts for the Johnson attractions in addition to assisting her son in filming the productions."


Casting

* Ralph Lewis (1872–1931) was born on October 8, 1872, in
Englewood, Illinois Englewood is a neighborhood and community area located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is also the 68th of the 77 community areas in the city. At its peak population in 1960, over 97,000 people lived in its approxim ...
. The year-old actor would reprise his role as a rugged middle-aged working-class hero. In this go-around, he would assume the role of Western Division engineer Bill Buckley. He previously had starring roles in Emory Johnson's past two vehicles – In the Name of the Law and
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
. Lewis would go on to star in Emory Johnson's next production – The Mailman released in December 1923. He also landed a role in Johnson's seventh film –
The Last Edition The Last Edition is a 1925 American silent film, silent melodrama directed by Emory Johnson. Film Booking Offices of America, FBO released the film in November 1925. The film's "All-Star" cast included Ralph Lewis (actor), Ralph Lewis as a Print ...
, released in November 1925. The Last Edition was Lewis's fifth and final film in an Emory Johnson production. Lewis will always be remembered for his role as abolitionist U.S. Representative Austin Stoneman in
D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the n ...
's
The Birth of a Nation ''The Birth of a Nation'' is a 1915 American Silent film, silent Epic film, epic Drama (film and television), drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and ...
(1915) and the governor in
Intolerance Intolerance may refer to: * Hypersensitivity or intolerance, undesirable reactions produced by the immune system * ''Intolerance'' (film), a 1916 film by D. W. Griffith * ''Intolerance'' (album), the first solo album from Grant Hart, formerly ...
(1916). "Ralph Lewis is especially good in parts built upon the strength of character." *
Claire McDowell Claire McDowell ( MacDowell; November 2, 1877 – October 23, 1966) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 350 films between 1908 and 1945. Early years Claire MacDowell was born in New York City on November 2, 1877, the da ...
(1877–1966) was born on November 2, 1877, in New York City. The year-old actress had previously acted in In The Name of The Law. She would play Mrs. Buckley, Bill Buckley's wife, another mother figure in this photoplay. She would act in a total of four Emory Johnson productions. *
Ella Hall Ella Augusta Hall (March 17, 1896 – September 3, 1981) was an American actress. She appeared in more than 90 films between 1912 and 1933. Early years Ella Augusta Hall was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on March 17, 1896. Her family moved ...
(1896–1981) was born on March 17, 1896, in
Hoboken, New Jersey Hoboken ( ; ) is a City (New Jersey), city in Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub. As of the ...
. The year-old actress was selected to play the feminine lead in this film. She would portray Esther Miller, the daughter of railroad president Bernard Miller. During this filming, Hall was married to Emory Johnson. She previously had feminine leads – In the Name of the Law and
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
. Her next film would be the 1923 production of Lloyd B. Carleton's The Flying Dutchman, which became one of her best-known works. After filming the Dutchman, Ella Hall retired from silent movies to focus on her kids and her failing marriage to Emory Johnson. *
John Harron John Harron (March 31, 1904 – November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1918 and 1940. Born on March 31, 1904, in New York City, he was the brother of actor Robert Harron and of actress Mary ...
(1903–1939) was born on March 31, 1903, in New York City. The year-old actor was selected to be the male lead and fill the role of Johnny Buckley, Bill Buckley's son and a "Chip of the Old Block." At the time, he was best known as
Robert Harron Robert Emmett Harron (April 12, 1893 – September 5, 1920) was an American motion picture actor of the early silent film era. Although he acted in over 200 films, he is possibly best recalled for his roles in the D.W. Griffith directed fil ...
younger brother.
Johnnie Walker Johnnie Walker is a brand of Scotch whisky produced by Diageo in Scotland. It was established in the Scottish burgh of Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire in 1820, and continued to be produced and bottled at the town's Hill Street plant, once the world's ...
was Emory Johnson's first choice for Johnny Buckley. However, Walker was having a banner year and was unavailable for the role because he was filming The Fourth Musketeer. This was
John Harron John Harron (March 31, 1904 – November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1918 and 1940. Born on March 31, 1904, in New York City, he was the brother of actor Robert Harron and of actress Mary ...
the only appearance in a Johnson production, while
Johnnie Walker Johnnie Walker is a brand of Scotch whisky produced by Diageo in Scotland. It was established in the Scottish burgh of Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire in 1820, and continued to be produced and bottled at the town's Hill Street plant, once the world's ...
would act in five Johnson vehicles. * Richard Morris (1862–1924) was born on January 30, 1862, in
Charlestown, Massachusetts Charlestown is the oldest Neighborhoods in Boston, neighborhood in Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. Also called Mishawum by the Massachusett, it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River, across from downtown Bost ...
. The year-old actor played Bernard Miller, President of a transcontinental railroad. Morris had previously acted in In the Name of the Law and
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
. He would appear in future Johnson productions The Mailman and
The Spirit of the USA The Spirit of the USA is a 1924 American silent film, silent melodrama directed by Emory Johnson. Film Booking Offices of America, FBO released the film in May 1924. The film's "All-Star" cast included Johnnie Walker (actor), Johnnie Walker an ...
before his untimely death in October 1924. *
Wedgwood Nowell Wedgwood Nowell (born Harry Wedgwood Nowell; January 24, 1878 – June 17, 1957) was an American stage and film actor, director, producer, and musician. He produced 144 plays during his stage career, which began around 1901. Later, while w ...
(born Harry Wedgwood Nowell) (1878–1957) was an American film actor, director, producer, musician, and stage actor who was born on January 24, 1878, in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census it had a population of 21,956. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on ...
. The year-old actor would portray J. Lawrence Wilton, the President's general adviser. His name credit is misspelled in the movie - ''Wedgewood Nowell''. Many sites also incorrectly list Wedgwood Nowell as playing a character named Raymond McKim. This mistaken name credit was due to some early promotional material released by the studio before the film's final version was released. "J Lawrence Wilton ~~the President's general adviser" is the actual credit listing in the film. Nowell's character Wilton would become the Chief
Antagonist An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the main enemy or rival of the protagonist and is often depicted as a villain. * David Kirby (1880–1954) (1880–1964) was born on July 16, 1880, in
St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis ( , sometimes referred to as St. Louis City, Saint Louis or STL) is an Independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies near the confluence of the Mississippi River, Mississippi and the Miss ...
. The year-old actor played Collins and would become one of the Heavies. Most movie databases for this film list ''David Kirby'' as playing ''Jack Smith''. This mistake was also based on early promotional material released by the studio. The name of Kirby's character Collins is based on visuals from the actual movie when Kirby introduced himself as "Collins." Later in the movie, Wilton also refers to him as "Collins." Some sites incorrectly list the actor as David Dirby. David Kirby is the correct spelling. Kirby would appear in six Emory Johnson productions, the most of any actor in Johnson films. * Taylor Graves (1896–1960) was born on May 28, 1896, in
Alameda, California Alameda ( ; ; Spanish for "Avenue (landscape), tree-lined path") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, located in the East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area), East Bay region of the Bay Area. The city is built on an informal archipe ...
. The year-old actor landed the role of the Buckley family's adopted son - Henry. His next appearance in a Johnson production would be The Mailman. * Jennie (Jane) Morgan (1880–1972) was born on December 6, 1880, and raised in
Boston, Massachusetts Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
. The year-old actress played Mrs. Bernard Miller, President Miller's wife and Esther's mother. This would be the last appearance of the actress in a Johnson film.


Director

Emory Johnson Alfred Emory Johnson (March 16, 1894 – April 18, 1960) was an American actor, director, producer, and writer. As a teenager, he started acting in silent films. Early in his career, Carl Laemmle chose Emory to become a Universal Studio lead ...
was a former actor turned director when he directed this film. He had acted in 73 movies between 1913 and 1922 for the likes of Essanay, Universal, Pathé, and Goldwyn before allowed him to direct his first film. Johnson was years old when he took charge of this production. During his directorial career at FBO, he would gain sobriquets like the "Master of Melodrama," "King of Exploitation," and "Hero of the Working Class." This melodrama would be added to all of the classifications. This film was the third film honoring his 8-picture contract with FBO. His two previous FBO films had all been financially successful – In the Name of the Law and
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
. Johnson would continue to thrive as an independent director because he didn't make epic films; he made bankable movies focusing on subjects he and his mother held dear.


Themes

"Love, the greatest of human emotions, is the theme of Emory Johnson's drama, The film glorifies the Railroad Man. It shows him as a loyal, faithful, and brave human at his work, risking his life so that others might have safety" "Bill Buckley, the westbound limited engineer, knows no creed but God, home, and duty. Duty the inspiring creed of the westbound limited" Love, devotion, family, integrity, duty, faithful, bravery, loyalty, sacrifice, and honor are themes interwoven throughout the fabric of this Emory Johnson special and become the heart of the movie.


Screenplay

Emilie Johnson (1867–1941) was years old when she wrote the story for this film. Emilie Johnson was born on June 3, 1867, in Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden. After emigrating to America, she married Alfred Jönsson. Their only son was born in 1894 – Alfred Emory Johnson. was the third film in the 8-picture FBO contract. Emilie wrote both the story and the screenplay. In the 1920s, Emilie and Emory Johnson developed one of the unique collaborations in the annals of
Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood ...
. Emilie Johnson and her son became famous as Hollywood's only mother-son writing/directing team. The decade saw the team develop into the most financially successful directing and writing team in motion picture history. Emilie Johnson wrote stories about
lunch pail A lunch box (or lunchbox) is a hand-held container used to transport food, usually to work or to school. It is commonly made of metal or plastic, is reasonably airtight and often has a handle for carrying. In the United States In the Unit ...
characters livin
paycheck-to-paycheck
like law enforcement officers, firefighters, mail carriers, railroad engineers, patriots, baseball players, and newspaper press operators. Emilie Johnson felt her human-interest stories would be relatable on the silver screen and her son brought them to the screen in epic melodramas. They usually worked side by side before production started and then on the movie sets after filming began. Mrs. Johnson supplied her son with stories that seemed custom-tailored for Ralph Lewis. Their unique collaboration produced melodramas until the late 1920s. By the early 1930s, their successes and box-office magic had ended.


Filming

Emory Johnson had Johnny Harron risks his life when filming one of the scenes in the movie. In the film, Johnny galloped away on his horse to warn the two trains about to collide. They reach the edge of a steep embankment. They must get to the bottom to flag the two trains. "What do you want me to do now?" Harron asked Mr. Johnson. " Why I simply want you to get on that horse and drop over that mountain – that is all," the Director replied. Then Harron asked: "Do I really have to do that?" With the cameras grinding, Harron mounted his horse and started his descent. The horse hesitated, and then over the bank they went.


Exteriors

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
,
California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
provided the ideal environment for shooting the exteriors. Permission was received from one of the big terminals in the Los Angeles area to film the railroad scenes. A steam locomotive was chartered for several days by Johnson. Bernard Miller is the President of the transcontinental railroad. Twelve minutes into the movie, Mr. and Mrs. Miller leave on a pre-planned trip. They departed from a
train depot A train station, railroad station, or railway station is a Rail transport, railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passenger train, passengers, freight rail transport, freight, or both. It generally consists of at least one railwa ...
, which the movie
frame A frame is often a structural system that supports other components of a physical construction and/or steel frame that limits the construction's extent. Frame and FRAME may also refer to: Physical objects In building construction *Framing (con ...
allows us to identify the depot as the old
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway , often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996. The Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport; at variou ...
passenger station in La Grande California. Identification of the train station is possible by examining the background of the movie frame, viewing the
Moorish architecture Moorish architecture is a style within Islamic architecture that developed in the western Islamic world, including al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula) and what is now Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (part of the Maghreb). Scholarly references on Is ...
dome, and comparing the structure against the La Grande images on Wikipedia. The Santa Fe opened La Grande Station on July 29, 1893. The movie was completed in 1923, making the station 30 years old at the time of the filming.


Interiors

Interiors were shot at the Robertson-Cole Studios at Melrose Avenue and Gower Street in Hollywood, CA. "The American Cinematographer" credits Ross Fisher as the film's cameraman. The art director for this film is W. L. Heywood.


Schedule

The film schedule according to Camera! "Pulse of the Studios" and other authoritative sources. This schedule traces a film's evolution from Cradle-to-grave. This film started shooting in January 1923 and was April 1923. The Camera! timetable gives the studio and location as — The section also displayed the column headers and entries for this film:


Working title

A working title, sometimes called a production title or a tentative title, is the temporary title of a product or project used during its development. This movie was shot under the working title of "Westbound 99." In March 1923, the working title was changed to a release title of "Westbound Limited." Most reviewers and theater owners referenced the movie as "Westbound Limited." To add to the confusion, a 1937 movie was copyrighted under the name – WEST BOUND LIMITED by Universal Pictures Co on July 1, 1937, Thus, we have the 1923 movie referred to in the printed media using one of the titles shown below:


Post production

F.B.O. rewarded Ralph Lewis for his work in In the Name of the Law,
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
and by signing him to a long-term contract in April 1923. The various media of the time list the length of this film as 5,100 feet or 6,500 feet. These reel lengths equate to running times of 57 minutes or 67 minutes. This film's length in the copyright filing is seven reels or a running time of 77 minutes. The Motion Picture News Check-up lists the length as 6,529 feet, rounded to 7 reels, or a running time of 72 minutes. The actual preserved length of the movie is 5580 feet with a running time of 62 minutes.


Studios

As mentioned previously, Johnson signed an 8-picture contract with FBO. This film was the third film honoring the terms of that contract. In March 1926, Johnson released The Non-Stop Flight. This was the eighth and final film of his contractual obligation to FBO. It would be Emory and Emilie Johnson's last film for FBO. In April 1926, FBO decided to let Emory and Emilie Johnson's contracts expire. There were no published reasons for the separation. Emory Johnson's directorial career consisted of 13 films – 11 were silent, and two were
Talkies A sound film is a Film, motion picture with synchronization, synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, bu ...
.


Release and reception

Melodrama films have plots appealing to the raised passions of the audience. They concentrate on family issues, direct their attention to a victim's character, and develop the themes of duty and love. The format shows the characters working through their struggles with persistence, sacrificial deeds, and courage. Movie critics and theater owners often use the following expressions to describe the movies they are reviewing or showing.
Terms used in reviewing silent movie melodrama


New York showing

On Thursday, April 26, 1923, Film Booking Offices of America invited critics from the
New York Daily News The ''Daily News'' is an American newspaper based in Jersey City, New Jersey. It was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson in New York City as the ''Illustrated Daily News''. It was the first U.S. daily printed in Tabloid (newspaper format ...
, fan magazines, assorted trade papers, and leaders of the top movie houses to a presentation at the New York
Astor Hotel Hotel Astor was a hotel on Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, New York, U.S. Built in 1905 and expanded in 1909–1910 for the Astor family, the hotel occupied a site bounded by Broadway, Shubert Alley, and 44t ...
. They were treated to the first screening at Emory Johnson's latest film, "Westbound Limited." Most attendees were impressed and predicted future success. In addition, special screenings were scheduled for local railroad executives and railway organizations in other cities with the same impetus of getting these industry leaders on board and having them give the movie free advertising and promotion. The attitude of the railway officials is that this picture is the first photoplay that has ever put the roads up to the public in the right light.


Official release

On April 15, 1923, was copyrighted to R-C (Robertson-Cole) Pictures Corp with a registration number of LP18949. The copyrights for FBO Films were registered with their original
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
owners. FBO was the official name of the film-distributing operation for Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and politician. He is known for his own political prominence as well as that of his children and was the ambitious patri ...
would rectify this confusion at a later date. The film was officially released on April 15, 1923, by
Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America (FBO), registered as FBO Pictures Corp., was an American film studio of the Silent film, silent era, a midsize producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films. The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole, an ...
.


Advertising

In the 1920s, there were over 1.7 million rail employees nationwide. FBO saw a vast potential market in railroad employees. hoped to gather support from this segment of the working force to promote their film. Film Booking Offices implemented the same advertising strategy they used in promoting In the Name of the Law and
The Third Alarm The Third Alarm may refer to: * The Third Alarm (1930 film), an American pre-Code drama film * The Third Alarm (1922 film), an American silent melodrama {{DEFAULTSORT:Third Alarm, The ...
especially creating local tie-ins with the particular working-class or public servants portrayed in the movie. As shown in the graphic, F.B.O. was allowed to drape a 60-foot banner over a vintage New York Central railroad engine entered in New York's 1923 Silver Jubilee parade on Fifth Avenue. National tie-ups would be used utilized locally in exploiting have been made by the publicity department of Film Booking Offices with some of the big railroad companies. The exploitation is to be handled by the railroads. Several big railroad companies created national tie-ups that would be used locally. This exploitation was handled by the railroads e.g.
Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad ( reporting mark PRR), legal name as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, also known as the "Pennsy," was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At its ...
and
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was the oldest railroads in North America, oldest railroad in the United States and the first steam engine, steam-operated common carrier. Construction of the line began in 1828, and it operated as B&O from 1830 ...
distributed special time-tables which had "Westbound Limited" advertising printed on its reverse side. The
Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad ( reporting mark PRR), legal name as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, also known as the "Pennsy," was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At its ...
also printed over a million postcards featuring the words, which were distributed by their agents all along with their trans-continental trains. Many western railroads had allowed free advertising posters in their stations. Taking a page from the advertising playbook of his first two movies, "the
Canton, Ohio Canton () is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of cities in Ohio, eighth-most populous city in Ohio, with a population of 70,872 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Canton–Massillo ...
Women's Auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, has taken a big block of tickets for and will sell them, keeping a small percentage of the profits for their own organization. Similar arrangements have been made for selling tickets in
Youngstown, Ohio Youngstown is a city in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Ohio, 11th-most populous city in Ohio with a population of 60,068 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Mahoning ...
and other towns where will play." If the theater owners had questions about exploiting this movie, FBO would provide a 22-page newspaper-size campaign book.


Exhibitor advertising

One theater owner in
Seattle Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...
was especially creative. Attendees were greeted by a large cutout of Ralph Lewis standing with his arm upheld before the cross-sign warning "Stop — Listen — See " The theatre owner then, "attired all his girl ushers in engineers' costumes. Each girl wore a black corduroy cap, blue corduroy overalls, and a white silk shirt. Over their arms, they carried small electric lanterns. Lanterns in one aisle would be green and in the next aisle red."


Reviews

Movie reviews were critical opinions for theater owners and fans. Critiques of movies printed in different trade journals were vital in determining whether to book or watch the movie. Movie critics' evaluations of this film were mixed. When critics have divergent reviews, deciding whether to see or book the film can be challenging, especially since mixed reviews do not mean it is a bad movie. In the end, it boils down to personal choices and how much value you place in the movie review and the reviewer. Movie critics and theater owners often use the following expressions to describe the movies they are reviewing or showing.
Terms used in reviewing silent movie melodrama


Critical response

Small towns were FBO mainstays versus big cities. The movie received positive reviews. Most small-town and large-city venues enjoyed the movie. * Chester J. Smith reviewed the movie in the May 5, 1923 issue of
Motion Picture News The ''Motion Picture News'' was an American film industry trade paper published from 1913 to 1930. History The publication was created through the 1913 merger of the ''Moving Picture News'' founded in 1908 and ''The Exhibitors' Times'', founde ...
, stating: * The film was reviewed in the July 6, 1923 issue of the '' Glendale Daily Press'':


Audience response

FBO focused on producing and distributing films for small-town venues. They served this market melodramas, non-Western action pictures, and comedic shorts. These moviehouse reviews were critical for a distributor like FBO. Unlike many major Hollywood studios, FBO did not own its theaters. Like most independents, FBO was dependent on the moviehouse owners to rent their films for the company to show a profit. These are brief published observations from moviehouse owners. Theater owners would subscribe to various movie magazines, read the movie critic's reviews, then read the theater owner's reports. These reviews would assist them in deciding if the film was a potential moneymaker in their venue. *  
Carnegie, Pennsylvania Carnegie () is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,134 in the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. History Carnegie is named after Andrew Carnegie, who donated one of his libr ...
population 11,516 *  
Sioux City, Iowa Sioux City () is a city in Woodbury County, Iowa, Woodbury and Plymouth County, Iowa, Plymouth counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 85,797 in the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Iowa, fo ...
population 71,227 *
David City, Nebraska David City is a city in and the county seat of Butler County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 2,995 at the 2020 census. David City was founded in 1873 to serve as the county seat when county residents desired a more centrally locat ...
population 2,250 *
Melville, Louisiana Melville is a town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,041 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Opelousas− Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was founded in 1889 and is known as the Atchafalaya River C ...
population 1,000


Box Office

''The West~Bound Limited'' earned $225,697 ()


Preservation status

Although the majority of silent films did not survive, this film was preserved through chance. According to the
Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...
website, this film has a status of: "Digital files produced from 16mm print on loan from a private collector." The film is available o
YouTube
and from various DVD vendors.


Gallery


Principal Players and Director

RalphLewis-TWBL01.png , Ralph Lewis
Bill Buckley ClaireMcDowell̠-TWBL.png ,
Claire McDowell Claire McDowell ( MacDowell; November 2, 1877 – October 23, 1966) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 350 films between 1908 and 1945. Early years Claire MacDowell was born in New York City on November 2, 1877, the da ...

Mrs. Bill Buckley JohnnyHaron-TWBL.png ,
John Harron John Harron (March 31, 1904 – November 24, 1939) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1918 and 1940. Born on March 31, 1904, in New York City, he was the brother of actor Robert Harron and of actress Mary ...

Johnny Buckley TaylorGraves-TWBL.png , Taylor Graves
Henry WedgewoodNowell-TWBL.png ,
Wedgwood Nowell Wedgwood Nowell (born Harry Wedgwood Nowell; January 24, 1878 – June 17, 1957) was an American stage and film actor, director, producer, and musician. He produced 144 plays during his stage career, which began around 1901. Later, while w ...

J. Lawrence Wilton RichardMorris-TWBL.png , Richard Morris
Bernard Miller JaneMorgan-TWBL.png ,
Jane Morgan Jane Morgan (born Florence Catherine Currier; May 3, 1924) is an American former singer and recording artist of traditional pop. Morgan initially found success in France and the UK before achieving recognition in the US, receiving six gold re ...

Mrs. Bernard Miller EllaHall-TWBL.png,
Ella Hall Ella Augusta Hall (March 17, 1896 – September 3, 1981) was an American actress. She appeared in more than 90 films between 1912 and 1933. Early years Ella Augusta Hall was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on March 17, 1896. Her family moved ...

Esther Miller DavidKirby-TSUSA.png,
Jack Smith Emory Johnson 32.jpg,
Emory Johnson Alfred Emory Johnson (March 16, 1894 – April 18, 1960) was an American actor, director, producer, and writer. As a teenager, he started acting in silent films. Early in his career, Carl Laemmle chose Emory to become a Universal Studio lead ...

Director


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * *


American Film Institute The American Film Institute (AFI) is an American nonprofit film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the History of cinema in the United States, motion picture arts in the United States. AFI is supported by private fu ...
cast links


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:West-Bound Limited, The 1923 adventure films 1920s romance films 1923 films 1923 drama films 1920s action adventure films American action adventure films American black-and-white films American romance films American romantic drama films American silent feature films Film Booking Offices of America films 1920s melodrama films Films directed by Emory Johnson 1920s English-language films 1920s American films Silent American adventure films Silent American romantic drama films English-language action adventure films English-language romance films