The Philanthropist (Cincinnati, Ohio)
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''The Philanthropist'' was an
abolitionist Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the political movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was Kingdom of France, France in 1315, but it was later used ...
newspaper A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as poli ...
printed in
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...
, starting in 1836, edited by James G. Birney, and printed Achilles Pugh for the
Ohio Anti-Slavery Society The Ohio Anti-Slavery Society (1835–1845) was an Abolitionism, abolitionist American Anti-Slavery Society, Anti-Slavery Society established in Zanesville, Ohio, by American activists such as Gamaliel Bailey, Asa Mahan, John Rankin (abolitionist), ...
. Originally published at New Richmond, Ohio due to complications with Cincinnati
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
Samuel W. Davies, the paper moved to Cincinnati in April 1836 to resume publication. The plan had always involved Cincinnati, but Birney wanted to publish a few issues out of the
jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple level ...
of Davies first. The paper often gave readers two sides of an argument, printing news items from the South that were
proslavery Proslavery is support for slavery. It is sometimes found in the thought of ancient philosophers, religious texts, and in American and British writings especially before the American Civil War but also later through the 20th century. Arguments in ...
and then critique them. The paper was the target of at least two episodes of
mob violence A riot or mob violence is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The p ...
in the city. One incident occurred on July 30, 1836, when rioters broke into the printing offices of the paper and vandalized the interior, scattering the
types Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...
throughout the streets. The mob continued to the Pugh's house and the residence of Birney, leaving both places undisturbed. They returned to the offices and debated on whether to burn the material, deciding not to do so because they were feared that the homes in the area might also catch fire. The mob then proceeded to the offices of Charles Hammond, editor of the '' Cincinnati Daily Gazette''. Hammond was an ally of Birney insofar as
free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recognise ...
was concerned, though not an abolitionist. Deciding against action on the ''Gazette'' offices, the mob dispersed to the black areas of town and began vandalizing the area when
gunfire A gunshot is a single discharge of a gun, typically a man-portable firearm, producing a visible flash, a powerful and loud shockwave and often chemical gunshot residue. The term can also refer to a ballistic wound caused by such a discharg ...
erupted. After brief dispersal, the mob returned to the area and found abandoned homes, which they proceeded to enter and deface. At this point
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
Samuel W. Davies, who had watched the destruction of the office earlier, instructed the crowd to disperse. During a second incident in September 1841, described in the ''Cincinnati Gazette'', the printing press and office of the ''Philanthropist'' were destroyed. Indiana's Neel's eil'sCreek Anti-Slavery Society subsequently approved a set of resolutions condemning the attack, which "aimed a death-blow at the freedom of the press & the liberty of our country."Indiana State Library, "Minute Book of Neel's Creek Anti-Slavery Society," Sept. 15, 1841.


See also

* Abolitionist publications


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philanthropist, The Defunct newspapers published in Cincinnati Abolitionist newspapers published in the United States Newspapers established in 1836 Publications disestablished in 1843 Defunct weekly newspapers Riots and civil disorder in Cincinnati Abolitionism in Ohio