Thalattosuchia is a
clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
of mostly marine
crocodylomorph
Crocodylomorpha is a group of pseudosuchian archosaurs that includes the crocodilians and their extinct relatives. They were the only members of Pseudosuchia to survive the end-Triassic extinction. Extinct crocodylomorphs were considerably mor ...
s from the
Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stratigraphy), Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic ...
to the
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
that had a
cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...
. They are colloquially referred to as marine crocodiles or sea crocodiles, though they are not members of
Crocodilia
Crocodilia () is an order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles that are known as crocodilians. They first appeared during the Late Cretaceous and are the closest living relatives of birds. Crocodilians are a type of crocodylomorph pseudosuchia ...
and records from Thailand and China suggest that some members lived in freshwater.
The clade contains two major subgroupings, the
Teleosauroidea
Teleosauroidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms living from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. It is phylogenetically defined by Mark T. Young and colleagues in 2024 in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade ...
and
Metriorhynchoidea
Metriorhynchoidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Toarcian - Valanginian, possibly as late as early Aptian) of Europe, North America and South America. Metriorhynchids ...
. Teleosauroids are not greatly specialised for oceanic life, with back
osteoderm
Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...
s similar to other crocodyliformes. Within Metriorhynchoidea, the
Metriorhynchidae
Metriorhynchidae is an extinct family of specialized, aquatic metriorhynchoid crocodyliforms from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous period ( Bajocian to early Aptian) of Europe, North America and South America. The name Metriorhynchid ...
displayed extreme adaptions for life in the open ocean, including the transformation of limbs into flippers, the development of a
tail fluke
A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foil (fluid mechanics), foils that produce lift (force), lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while travelin ...
, and smooth, scaleless skin, and probably gave
live birth, seemingly uniquely among archosaurs.
Taxonomy
The term Thalattosuchia was coined by Fraas in 1901.
[Fraas E. 1901. Die Meerkrokodile (Thalattosuchia n. g.) eine neue Sauriergruppe der Juraformation. ''Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde, Württemberg'' 57: 409-418.] The term is derived from the Greek words θάλαττα, meaning sea, and σοῦχος crocodile. Various authors considered Thalattosuchia an infraorder or a suborder within "
Mesosuchia
"Mesosuchia" is an obsolete name for a group of terrestrial, semi-aquatic, or fully aquatic crocodylomorph reptiles.
Characteristics
The marine crocodile '' Metriorhynchus'' had paddle-like forelimbs, '' Dakosaurus andiniensis'' had a skull that ...
". However, the term "Mesosuchia" is a
paraphyletic
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
group, and as such is no longer used. For consistency, the Thalattosuchia are here placed at suborder rank, although the order that contains it is unnamed. The exact phylogenetic position of Thalattosuchia is uncertain, with them either being interpreted as members of
Neosuchia
Neosuchia is a clade within Mesoeucrocodylia that includes all modern extant crocodilians and their closest fossil relatives. It is defined as the most inclusive clade containing all Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs more closely related to ''Croc ...
alongside other aquatic crocodylomorphs, or more basal members of Crocodylomorpha, with the similarities to neosuchians being as a result of
convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last comm ...
. Mark T. Young and colleagues in 2024 defined Thalattosuchia in the ''
PhyloCode
The ''International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'', known as the ''PhyloCode'' for short, is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, leaving the ...
'' as "the largest
clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
within Crocodylomorpha containing ''
Macrospondylus bollensis
''Macrospondylus'' is an extinct genus of machimosaurid teleosauroid crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) of Europe. Fossils are known from the Posidonia Shale of Germany, the Whitby Mudstone of the United Kingdom, and the "'' schi ...
'' and ''
Thalattosuchus superciliosus
''Thalattosuchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Though the genus ''Thalattosuchus'' itself was named in 2020, its fossils have historically been included under the well ...
'', but not ''
Protosuchus richardsoni
''Protosuchus'' (from , "first" and , "crocodile") is an extinct genus of carnivorous crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic. It is among the earliest animals that resemble crocodilians. ''Protosuchus'' was about in length and about in weight.
...
'', ''
Notosuchus terrestris
''Notosuchus'' (; 'southern crocodile') is an extinct genus of South American notosuchian crocodyliforms. It was terrestrial, living approximately 85 million years ago in the Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous.
Description
''Notosuchus'' ...
'', ''
Peirosaurus tormini'', ''
Anteophthalmosuchus hooleyi
''Anteophthalmosuchus'' (meaning "forward-pointing eye crocodile") is an extinct genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian from the Early Cretaceous of southern England, eastern Spain, and western Belgium.
Discovery
The holotype specimen of ''A ...
'', ''
Deltasuchus motherali'', ''
Pholidosaurus schaumburgensis'', ''
Dyrosaurus phosphaticus'', and ''Crocodylus niloticus'' (the
Nile crocodile
The Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') is a large crocodilian native to freshwater habitats in Africa, where it is present in 26 countries. It is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, occurring mostly in the eastern, southern, and ce ...
)".
'The group contains basal taxa such as ''
Turnersuchus
''Turnersuchus'' is an extinct genus of thalattosuchian, a group of marine crocodylomorphs, from the Pliensbachian of the United Kingdom. It is the oldest diagnostic member of Thalattosuchia and was also found to be the group's most basal membe ...
'' and ''
Plagiophthalmosuchus
''Plagiophthalmosuchus'' is a genus of teleosauroid, known form the Early Jurassic (Early Toarcian) Whitby Mudstone Formation of Whitby, Yorkshire, UK, and Dudelange, Luxembourg. The type species, ''P. gracilirostris'', was originally named as ...
'' and the two main groups
Metriorhynchoidea
Metriorhynchoidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Toarcian - Valanginian, possibly as late as early Aptian) of Europe, North America and South America. Metriorhynchids ...
and
Teleosauroidea
Teleosauroidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms living from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. It is phylogenetically defined by Mark T. Young and colleagues in 2024 in the ''PhyloCode'' as "the largest clade ...
.
Those two groups are united in the clade Neothalattosuchia, named and defined in the ''
PhyloCode
The ''International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'', known as the ''PhyloCode'' for short, is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, leaving the ...
'' by Mark T. Young and colleagues in 2024 as "the smallest clade within Thalattosuchia containing ''
Macrospondylus bollensis
''Macrospondylus'' is an extinct genus of machimosaurid teleosauroid crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) of Europe. Fossils are known from the Posidonia Shale of Germany, the Whitby Mudstone of the United Kingdom, and the "'' schi ...
'', ''
Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus'', ''
Pelagosaurus typus'', and ''
Thalattosuchus superciliosus
''Thalattosuchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Though the genus ''Thalattosuchus'' itself was named in 2020, its fossils have historically been included under the well ...
''.
[
]
Evolutionary history
Indeterminate remains possibly belonging to thalattosuchians have been reported from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian
In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age (geology), age and stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Early Jurassic, Early or Lower Jurassic epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), Series. It spans the time between 199.5 ±0.3 annu ...
) of Chile and France. However, they cannot be assigned to the group with confidence as they lack diagnostic characters.Turnersuchus
''Turnersuchus'' is an extinct genus of thalattosuchian, a group of marine crocodylomorphs, from the Pliensbachian of the United Kingdom. It is the oldest diagnostic member of Thalattosuchia and was also found to be the group's most basal membe ...
'' from the Pliensbachian
The Pliensbachian is an age of the geologic timescale and stage in the stratigraphic column. It is part of the Early or Lower Jurassic Epoch or Series and spans the time between 192.9 ±0.3 Ma and 184.2 ±0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Plie ...
of England appears to be basal to both Teleosauroidea and Metriorhynchoidea.Aptian
The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ...
.
Timeline of species
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from: -252.2 till: -247.2 color:earlytriassic text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -247.2 till: -235 color:middletriassic text:Middle
Middle or The Middle may refer to:
* Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits.
Places
* Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man
* Middle Bay (disambiguation)
* Middle Brook (disambiguation)
* Middle Creek ...
from: -235 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:Middle
Middle or The Middle may refer to:
* Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits.
Places
* Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man
* Middle Bay (disambiguation)
* Middle Brook (disambiguation)
* Middle Creek ...
from: -161.2 till: -145 color:latejurassic text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
from: -145 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -99.6 till: -66 color:latecretaceous text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
bar:eratop
from: -252.2 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
from: -199.6 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
PlotData=
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:ANK bar:NAM1 from:-191 till:-190 text: Turnersuchus hingleyae
color:ANK bar:NAM2 from:-184 till:-183 text: Plagiophthalmosuchus gracilirostris
color:ANK bar:NAM3 from:-183 till:-180 text:Macrospondylus bollensis
''Macrospondylus'' is an extinct genus of machimosaurid teleosauroid crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) of Europe. Fossils are known from the Posidonia Shale of Germany, the Whitby Mudstone of the United Kingdom, and the "'' schi ...
color:ANK bar:NAM4 from:-183 till:-176 text: Mystriosaurus laurillardi
color:ANK bar:NAM5 from:-183 till:-176 text: Pelagosaurus typus
color:ANK bar:NAM6 from:-183 till:-176 text: Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus
color:ANK bar:NAM7 from:-180 till:-179 text: Magyarosuchus fitosi
color:ANK bar:NAM8 from:-180 till:-176 text:Zoneait nargorum
''Zoneait'' (pronounced "zone-eight" and meaning "large tooth" in the Kiowa language) is an extinct genus of thalattosuchian crocodylomorph known from a single species, ''Zoneait nargorum'', from the Middle Jurassic Snowshoe Formation of Oregon.
...
color:ANK bar:NAM9 from:-175 till:-171 text: Opisuchus meieri
color:ANK bar:NAM10 from:-171 till:-164 text:Teleosaurus cadomensis
''Teleosaurus'' (from , 'perfect' and , 'lizard') is an extinct genus of teleosaurid crocodyliform found in the Middle Jurassic Calcaire de Caen Formation of France. It was approximately in length. The holotype is MNHN AC 8746, a quarter of ...
color:ANK bar:NAM11 from:-168 till:-167 text:Teleidosaurus calvadosii
''Teleidosaurus'' is an extinct genus of carnivorous metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian stage) deposits of Normandy, France.Wilkinson LE, Young MT, Benton MJ. 2008. A new metriorhynchid crocodilia ...
color:ANK bar:NAM12 from:-168 till:-167 text: Eoneustes bathonicus
color:ANK bar:NAM13 from:-168 till:-167 text: Eoneustes gaudryi
color:ANK bar:NAM14 from:-168 till:-166 text: Clovesuurdameredeor stephani
color:ANK bar:NAM15 from:-168 till:-165 text: Andrianavoay baroni
color:ANK bar:NAM16 from:-168 till:-165 text: Deslongchampsina larteti
color:ANK bar:NAM17 from:-168 till:-165 text: Proexochokefalos cf. bouchardi
color:ANK bar:NAM18 from:-168 till:-165 text: Seldsienean megistorhynchus
color:ANK bar:NAM19 from:-168 till:-165 text: Yvridiosuchus boutilieri
color:ANK bar:NAM20 from:-167 till:-162 text: Mycterosuchus nasutus
color:ANK bar:NAM21 from:-167 till:-165 text: Neptunidraco ammoniticus
color:ANK bar:NAM22 from:-167 till:-160 text: Suchodus durobrivensis
color:ANK bar:NAM23 from:-166 till:-162 text: Gracilineustes leedsi
color:ANK bar:NAM24 from:-166 till:-160 text:Thalattosuchus superciliosus
''Thalattosuchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Though the genus ''Thalattosuchus'' itself was named in 2020, its fossils have historically been included under the well ...
color:ANK bar:NAM25 from:-165 till:-162 text: Lemmysuchus obtusidens
color:ANK bar:NAM26 from:-165 till:-161 text: Ieldraan melkshanensis
color:ANK bar:NAM27 from:-165 till:-161 text: Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos
color:ANK bar:NAM28 from:-165 till:-158 text: Neosteneosaurus edwardsi
color:ANK bar:NAM29 from:-165 till:-152 text: Proexochokefalos heberti
color:ANK bar:NAM30 from:-164 till:-163 text: Charitomenosuchus leedsi
color:ANK bar:NAM31 from:-164 till:-163 text: Maledictosuchus riclaensis
color:ANK bar:NAM32 from:-163 till:-160 text: Steneosaurus rostromajor
color:ANK bar:NAM33 from:-160 till:-157 text: Aggiosaurus nicaeensis
color:ANK bar:NAM34 from:-158 till:-153 text: Machimosaurus nowackianus
color:ANK bar:NAM35 from:-157 till:-152 text: Torvoneustes carpenteri
color:ANK bar:NAM36 from:-157 till:-150 text: Sericodon jugleri
color:ANK bar:NAM37 from:-155 till:-153 text: Machimosaurus buffetauti
color:ANK bar:NAM38 from:-155 till:-150 text: Bathysuchus megarhinus
color:ANK bar:NAM39 from:-155 till:-150 text: Gracilineustes acutus
color:ANK bar:NAM40 from:-155 till:-150 text: Machimosaurus hugii
color:ANK bar:NAM41 from:-155 till:-150 text: Maledictosuchus nuyivijanan
color:ANK bar:NAM42 from:-155 till:-150 text:Metriorhynchus brevirostris
''Metriorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Late Jurassic. The type species, ''M. brevirostris'' was named in 1829 as a species of ''Steneosaurus'' before being named as a separate genus by ...
color:ANK bar:NAM43 from:-154 till:-149 text: Plesiosuchus manselii
color:ANK bar:NAM44 from:-152 till:-150 text: Cricosaurus albersdoerferi
color:ANK bar:NAM45 from:-152 till:-150 text: Machimosaurus mosae
color:ANK bar:NAM46 from:-152 till:-147 text: Dakosaurus maximus
color:ANK bar:NAM47 from:-151 till:-150 text: Cricosaurus suevicus
color:ANK bar:NAM48 from:-151 till:-150 text: Rhacheosaurus gracilis
color:ANK bar:NAM49 from:-150 till:-147 text:Geosaurus giganteus
''Geosaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform within the family Metriorhynchidae, that lived during the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. ''Geosaurus'' was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. No ''Geosa ...
color:ANK bar:NAM50 from:-150 till:-147 text: Geosaurus grandis
color:ANK bar:NAM51 from:-149 till:-147 text: Cricosaurus rauhuti
color:ANK bar:NAM52 from:-149 till:-145 text:Aeolodon priscus
''Aeolodon'' is an extinct genus of teleosaurid crocodyliform reptile from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of Germany and France that was initially named as a species of ''Crocodylus'' in 1814. Although previously synonymized with '' Steneosaurus' ...
color:ANK bar:NAM53 from:-149 till:-145 text: Cricosaurus araucanensis
color:ANK bar:NAM54 from:-149 till:-145 text: Cricosaurus vignaudi
color:ANK bar:NAM55 from:-149 till:-145 text: Indosinosuchus kalasinensis
color:ANK bar:NAM56 from:-149 till:-145 text:Indosinosuchus potamosiamensis
''Indosinosuchus'' is a genus of Teleosauridae, teleosaurid neosuchian that lived during the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous in what is now Thailand. It contains two species, the type species ''I. potamosiamensis'' and ''I. kalasinensis'', both ...
color:ANK bar:NAM57 from:-149 till:-145 text: Purranisaurus potens
color:ANK bar:NAM58 from:-147 till:-145 text: Cricosaurus bambergensis
color:ANK bar:NAM59 from:-147 till:-145 text: Cricosaurus elegans
color:ANK bar:NAM60 from:-147 till:-145 text: Cricosaurus lithographicus
color:ANK bar:NAM61 from:-147 till:-140 text:Dakosaurus andiniensis
''Dakosaurus'' is an extinct genus of crocodylomorph within the family Metriorhynchidae that lived during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. It was large, with teeth that were serrated and compressed lateromedially (flattened from side to s ...
color:ANK bar:NAM62 from:-144 till:-142 text: Cricosaurus puelchorum
color:ANK bar:NAM63 from:-140 till:-136 text: Enaliosuchus macrospondylus
color:ANK bar:NAM64 from:-140 till:-136 text: Neustosaurus gigondarum
color:ANK bar:NAM65 from:-139 till:-132 text: Cricosaurus schroederi
color:ANK bar:NAM66 from:-139 till:-135 text: Geosaurus lapparenti
color:ANK bar:NAM67 from:-131 till:-130 text: Machimosaurus rex
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from: -252.2 till: -247.2 color:earlytriassic text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -247.2 till: -235 color:middletriassic text:Middle
Middle or The Middle may refer to:
* Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits.
Places
* Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man
* Middle Bay (disambiguation)
* Middle Brook (disambiguation)
* Middle Creek ...
from: -235 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:Middle
Middle or The Middle may refer to:
* Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits.
Places
* Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man
* Middle Bay (disambiguation)
* Middle Brook (disambiguation)
* Middle Creek ...
from: -161.2 till: -145 color:latejurassic text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
from: -145 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:Early
Early may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Early, Iowa, a city
* Early, Texas, a city
* Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
* Early County, Georgia
* Fort Early, Georgia, an early 19th century fort
Music
* Early B, stage name of Jamaican d ...
from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:Late
Late or LATE may refer to:
Everyday usage
* Tardy, or late, not being on time
* Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead
Music
* ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000
* Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993
* Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Groh ...
bar:era
from: -252.2 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:Triassic
The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...
from: -199.6 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
from: -145 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
See also
*List of thalattosuchian-bearing stratigraphic units
List of thalattosuchian-bearing Stratigraphy, stratigraphic units, or geologic formations.
Introduction
Thalattosuchia is the name given to a clade of marine crocodylomorphs from the Early Jurassic, Early, Middle Jurassic, Middle, and Late Jurass ...
*List of marine reptiles
Following is a list of marine reptiles, reptiles which are adapted to life in marine or brackish environments.
Extant
The following marine reptiles are species which are currently extant or recently extinct.
Crocodiles
:*'' Crocodylus''
::'' ...
References
Further reading
*Fraas, E. (1902). "Die Meer-Krocodilier (Thalattosuchia) des oberen Jura unter specieller Berücksichtigung von ''Dacosaurus'' und ''Geosaurus''". ''Paleontographica'' 49: 1-72.
"Ancient ocean-going crocodiles mimicked whales and dolphins"
at The Guardian, 20 Apr 2020
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2300406
Prehistoric animal suborders
Tetrapod suborders
Prehistoric marine crocodylomorphs
Jurassic crocodylomorphs
Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs
Sinemurian first appearances
Early Cretaceous extinctions