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Tešanj ( cyrl, Тешањ) is a town and municipality located in the
Zenica-Doboj Canton The Zenica-Doboj Canton (; ; ) is one of ten cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The seat and largest city is Zenica. Spread over an area of , the canton roughly occupies the centr ...
of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: ''Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine'' / ''Федерација Босне и Херцеговине'') is one of the two Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entities composing Bo ...
, an entity of
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 43,063 inhabitants, while the town of Tešanj has a population of 5,257 inhabitants. It is situated in the northern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Geography

Tešanj is located at an altitude of 230 meters and was built around the river Tešanjka. The town is surrounded by many hills.


History

The present name of the city was mentioned for the first time in 1461 in a charter from King Stephen Tomašević to his uncle Radivoj. The charter stated that King Stephen Tomašević grants him, among other possessions "i na Usori grad Tešanj -- the city of Tešanj, in the Usora region". Between the second half of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century, the history of Tešanj was rather chaotic. Since
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
was a buffer state between the
Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...
and the
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
, parts of it changed rulers quite often, alternating between Ottoman and Hungarian occupation. Between 1463 and 1476 Tešanj was the center of the Bosnian Kingdom and the residence of Duke Radivoj Kotromanić. From 1512 (or 1520-21) onwards, Tešanj was under the continuous rule of the Ottoman Empire. The most influential Ottoman ruler of Tešanj was the Bosnian
Sandžak Sandžak (Serbian Cyrillic: ; ) is a historical and geo-political region in the Balkans, located in the southwestern part of Serbia and the eastern part of Montenegro. The Bosnian/ Serbian term ''Sandžak'' derives from the Sanjak of Novi Paza ...
-
bey Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in ...
Gazi Ferhad Pasha. It was under his authority that the city rapidly developed. His most significant contribution was the Ferhadija Mosque (1563), which still stands in the old town, dating back to the 16th century. Gazi Ferhad-bey died in 1568 and was buried in the yard of the mosque. The
epitaph An epitaph (; ) is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves be ...
on his tombstone was in
Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
, and is the oldest Islamic record in Tešanj. The old Eminagić House is the oldest house in Tešanj, still standing the test of time, and is said to have been built at the end of the 17th century. The Old Town is dominated by the well-preserved fortress, called "Gradina" or simply
Tešanj Castle Tešanj Fortress ( Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: ''Tešanjska tvrđava'' / Тешањска тврђава), also known locally as Gradina is a fortress located in Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It remains one of the biggest historical defen ...
, that overlooks the entire city. The Upper Town Center expands around the castle, rather than the bottom of it. Very early on this castle became the center of economic and cultural life of Tešanj. It was developed along with retail and trade in Tešanj. The town center developed rapidly in the 17th and 18th century, when there were around 40 stores and workshops operating. The
clock tower Clock towers are a specific type of structure that house a turret clock and have one or more clock faces on the upper exterior walls. Many clock towers are freestanding structures but they can also adjoin or be located on top of another building ...
was built in the 17th century, standing at 18.5 meters tall. Out of a total of 21 clock towers that were built throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, this tower is one of four that are still working properly. Up until 1890 this tower had shown alaturca time, but the same year Fehim-beg Smailbegović introduced a new time which showed European time. The grave of the poet Musa Ćazim Ćatić is located in "Obješenica" cemetery in the town center. Even though he was born in Odžak in 1880, he dedicated his whole life and work to the town of Tešanj, where he died in 1915. From 1929 to 1941, Tešanj was part of the
Vrbas Banovina The Vrbas Banovina or Vrbas Banate ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Vrbaska banovina, Врбаска бановина), was a province (Banovinas of Yugoslavia, banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. It was named after the ...
of the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () h ...
.


Tourism


Tešanj Castle

The establishment of this fortification had begun even before the Romans had conquered the region. Exact dates are unknown. It was later enhanced by the Romans,
Slavs The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and ...
and the Ottoman forces. It had primarily been a defensive fortification.
Tešanj Castle Tešanj Fortress ( Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: ''Tešanjska tvrđava'' / Тешањска тврђава), also known locally as Gradina is a fortress located in Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It remains one of the biggest historical defen ...
is one of the most significant and biggest castles in Bosnia, with an area of about 6,296 square metres. During the Ottoman period, the castle had a permanent garrison.


Demographics


Population


Ethnic composition

The town of Tešanj itself had 5,253 residents in 1981, and 6,058 in 1991. Note:
Bosniaks The Bosniaks (, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia (region), Bosnia, today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and who sha ...
are Bosnian nationals with a
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
religious and/or cultural background.


Settlements in the municipality

Bukva, Blaževci, Bobare, Cerovac, Čaglici, Čifluk, Dobropolje, Drinčići, Džemilić Planje, Jevadžije, Jelah, Jablanica, Jelah Polje, Kalošević, Karadaglije, Koprivci, Kraševo, Lepenica, Logobare, Lončari, Ljetinić, Marin Han, Mrkotić, Miljanovci, Medakovo, Mekiš, Novo Selo, Novi Miljanovci, Orašje Planje, Piljužići, Potočani, Putešić, Raduša, Rosulje, Ripna, Šije, Tešanj, Trepče, Tešanjka, Tugovići, Vrela, Vukovo, Hrvatinovići,Opcina Tesanj - zvanična web stranica
and Dubalji.


Notable people

* Nisim Albahari (1916-1991), Yugoslav partisan * Enis Bešlagić (born 1975), Bosnian actor * Musa Ćazim Ćatić (1878-1915), Bosnian poet * Alma Hasanić Grizović (born 1989), Bosnian-Norwegian handball player * Numan Kurdić (born 1999), Bosnian footballer * Otto Lang (1908-2006), Bosnian-American film producer * Admir Ljevaković (born 1984), Bosnian footballer *
Ademaga Mešić Ademaga Mešić or Adem Aga Mešić (25 March 1868 – 1 July 1945) was a Bosnian politician and military officer who served in the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian ''Schutzkorps'', and later a member of the Ustaše government of the Independent ...
(1868-1945), Ustaša Deputy-Leader * Jasmin Muharemović (born 1965), Bosnian pop-folk singer * Ajdin Mujagić (born 1998), Bosnian footballer * Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1517-1601), Ottoman statesman * Esad Plavi (born 1965), Bosnian pop-folk singer * Sanela Redžić, Bosnian athlete * Edin Šaranović (1976-2021), Bosnian footballer * Anid Travančić (born 1993), Bosnian footballer * Avdija Vršajević (born 1986), Bosnian footballer


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Tesanj Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Populated places in Tešanj Municipalities of Zenica-Doboj Canton