''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily

Myrmicinae Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and ...

that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publication as ''

Monomorium ''Monomorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. As of 2013 it contains about 396 species. It is distributed around the world, with many species native to the Old World tropics. It is considered to be "one of the more important grou ...

''. Revision within the genus by Wagner et al. in 2017 recognized a complex of 10 cryptic species, 3 of which were raised from subspecies classifications and 2 of which were newly described. This revision also elevated the pavement ant introduced to North America as the species ''T. immigrans'' rather than the previous designation as a subspecies of ''T. caespitum''. These 10 species within in the ''T. caespitum'' complex are as follows: * ''

Tetramorium alpestre ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010 * ''

Tetramorium breviscapus ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' Wagner et al., 2017 * '' Tetramorium caespitum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Tetramorium caucasicum'' Wagner et al., 2017 * ''

Tetramorium fusciclava ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' Consani & Zangheri, 1952 * ''

Tetramorium hungaricum ''Tetramorium hungaricum'' is a species of ant Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceou ...

'' Röszler, 1935 * ''

Tetramorium immigrans ''Tetramorium immigrans''—also known as the immigrant pavement ant, pavement ant, and the sugar ant in parts of North America—is an ant native to Europe, which also occurs as an introduced pest in North America. Its common name comes from the ...

'' Santschi, 1927 * ''

Tetramorium impurum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' (Foerster, 1850) * '' Tetramorium indocile'' Santschi, 1927 * ''

Tetramorium staerckei ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' Kratochvíl, 1944

Description

Workers of most species have a ridged clypeus, an appendaged stinger, mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, and antennae with 11 or 12 segments or with 3-segmented clubs on the tips. The genus is divided into several species groups defined by various characters.

Distribution

Most species are distributed throughout the Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Ten species have been recorded from

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. One species of pavement ant, '' T. immigrans'', is native to Europe and was probably introduced to North America starting in the 18th century.Jacobs, S
Pavement Ant.
Penn State Extension. 2014.

Biology

Most known species nest in the soil, in decaying wood, or in leaf litter. Some live in trees or in termite nests.

Species

* '' Tetramorium aculeatum'' (Mayr, 1866) * ''

Tetramorium adelphon ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1979 * ''

Tetramorium adpressum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' (Bolton, 1976) * ''

Tetramorium aegeum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Radchenko, 1992 * '' Tetramorium africanum'' (Mayr, 1866) * '' Tetramorium agile'' Arnold, 1960 * '' Tetramorium agnum'' (Santschi, 1935) * '' Tetramorium akermani'' Arnold, 1926 * '' Tetramorium altivagans'' Santschi, 1914 * ''

'' Steiner, Schlick-Steiner & Seifert, 2010 * '' Tetramorium amalae'' Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012 * '' Tetramorium amatongae'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium amaurum'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium amentete'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium amissum'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium amium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1912 * '' Tetramorium andrei'' Forel, 1892 * '' Tetramorium andrynicum'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium angulinode'' Santschi, 1910 * '' Tetramorium anodontion'' Bolton, 1979 * ''

Tetramorium antennatum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' (Mann, 1919) * ''

Tetramorium antipodum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Wheeler, 1927 * ''

Tetramorium antrema ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' (Bolton, 1976) * '' Tetramorium anxium'' Santschi, 1914 * ''

Tetramorium aptum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1977 * ''

Tetramorium argenteopilosum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Arnold, 1926 * ''

Tetramorium armatum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Santschi, 1927 * '' Tetramorium arnoldi'' (Forel, 1913) * '' Tetramorium arzi'' Thome, 1969 * ''

Tetramorium asetyum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium aspersum'' (Smith, 1865) * ''

Tetramorium ataxium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium avium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium banyulense'' Bernard, 1983 * '' Tetramorium barbigerum'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium barryi'' Mathew, 1981 * ''

Tetramorium basum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium baufra'' (Bolton, 1976) * ''

Tetramorium belgaense ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1902 * '' Tetramorium bellicosum'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium bequaerti ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1913 * '' Tetramorium berbiculum'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium bessonii ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1891 * ''

Tetramorium bevisi ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' Arnold, 1958 * '' Tetramorium bicarinatum'' (Nylander, 1846) * ''

Tetramorium bicolor ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Viehmeyer, 1914 * ''

Tetramorium biskrense ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1904 * ''

Tetramorium bothae ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1910 * '' Tetramorium brevicorne'' Bondroit, 1918 * '' Tetramorium brevidentatum'' (Kutter, 1932) * ''

'' Wagner et al., 2017 * '' Tetramorium brevispinosum'' (Stitz, 1910) * ''

Tetramorium browni ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium bulawayense ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1913 * ''

Tetramorium bursakovi ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Radchenko, 1992 * '' Tetramorium buthrum'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium caespitum'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * ''

Tetramorium caldarium ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' (Roger, 1857) * ''

Tetramorium calidum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1907 * '' Tetramorium calinum'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium camerunense'' Mayr, 1895 * ''

Tetramorium candidum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium capense ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Mayr, 1865 * ''

Tetramorium capillosum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium capitale'' (McAreavey, 1949) * '' Tetramorium carinatum'' (Smith, 1859) * '' Tetramorium caucasicum'' Wagner et al., 2017 * '' Tetramorium centum'' Bolton, 1977 * ''

Tetramorium chapmani ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium chefteki'' Forel, 1911 * '' Tetramorium chepocha'' (Bolton, 1976) * '' Tetramorium chloe'' (Santschi, 1920) * '' Tetramorium christiei'' Forel, 1902 * '' Tetramorium ciliatum'' Bolton, 1977 * ''

Tetramorium clunum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1913 * '' Tetramorium cognatum'' Bolton, 1979 * '' Tetramorium coillum'' Bolton, 1979 * ''

Tetramorium coloreum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Mayr, 1901 * '' Tetramorium concaviceps'' Bursakov, 1984 * ''

Tetramorium confine ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990 * '' Tetramorium confusum'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium constanciae'' Arnold, 1917 * ''

Tetramorium convexum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium coonoorense'' Forel, 1902 * ''

Tetramorium crepum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Wang & Wu, 1988 * '' Tetramorium cristatum'' Stitz, 1910 * ''

Tetramorium crypticum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' (Bolton, 1976) * '' Tetramorium cuneinode'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium curtulum'' Emery, 1895 * '' Tetramorium curvispinosum'' Mayr, 1897 * '' Tetramorium cynicum'' Bolton, 1977 * ''

Tetramorium davidi ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Forel, 1911 * '' Tetramorium decamerum'' (Forel, 1902) * '' Tetramorium deceptum'' Bolton, 1977 * '' Tetramorium dedefra'' (Bolton, 1976) * ''

Tetramorium degener ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Santschi, 1911 * ''

Tetramorium delagoense ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1894 * '' Tetramorium densopilosum'' Radchenko & Arakelian, 1990 * ''

Tetramorium depressiceps ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Menozzi, 1933 * ''

Tetramorium desertorum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' (Forel, 1910) * ''

Tetramorium dichroum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Santschi, 1932 * '' Tetramorium difficile'' Bolton, 1977 * ''

Tetramorium diligens ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' (Smith, 1865) * '' Tetramorium diomandei'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium distinctum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' (Bolton, 1976) * ''

Tetramorium do ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Forel, 1914 * '' Tetramorium dogieli'' Karavaiev, 1931 * '' Tetramorium dolichosum'' Bolton, 1980 * ''

Tetramorium dominum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same pub ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium doriae'' Emery, 1881 * '' Tetramorium dumezi'' Menozzi, 1942 * ''

Tetramorium dysalum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1979 * ''

Tetramorium dysderke ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium edouardi'' Forel, 1894 * '' Tetramorium eleates'' Forel, 1913 * ''

Tetramorium electrum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publ ...

'' Bolton, 1979 * ''

Tetramorium elidisum ''Tetramorium'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''Tetramorium'' was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publi ...

'' Bolton, 1980 * '' Tetramorium elisabethae'' Forel, 1904 * '' Tetramorium emeryi'' Mayr, 1901 * '' Tetramorium eminii'' (Forel, 1894) * ''

Tetramorium erectum ''Tetramo