Teruel (
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid ...
: ''Terol'' ) is a province of
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to so ...
, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is
Teruel.
It is bordered by the provinces of
Tarragona,
Castellón,
Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is also the capital of the province of the same name. The wider urban area al ...
(including its
exclave
An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...
Rincón de Ademuz),
Cuenca,
Guadalajara, and
Zaragoza
Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tribut ...
. The area of the province is
14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
, also the second smallest in population density after
Soria
Soria () is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 ( INE, 2017), 43.7% of the provincial popula ...
.
The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid ...
is spoken in a northeastern area bordering
Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy.
Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the no ...
.
Geography
This province is located in the
mountainous
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...
Sistema Ibérico area. The main ranges in the province of Teruel are
Sierra de la Virgen,
Sierra de Santa Cruz,
Sierra de Cucalón,
Sierra de San Just,
Sierra Carrascosa,
Sierra Menera,
Sierra Palomera,
Sierra de Javalambre
Sierra de Javalambre ( an, Sierra de Chabalambre) is a long mountain range in the Gúdar-Javalambre comarca of Aragon and the Rincón de Ademuz and Serrans comarcas of the Valencian Community, Spain.
Highway N-234 winds its way between Sier ...
,
Sierra de Gúdar
Sierra de Gúdar is a mountain range in the Gúdar-Javalambre and Maestrazgo comarcas of Aragon and the Alto Mijares comarca of the Valencian Community, Spain. The highest point in the range is Peñarroya (2,019 m).
Geography
This mountai ...
,
Sierra de Albarracín
Sierra de Albarracín is a long mountain range in the southwestern end of the Sistema Ibérico, Iberian System. Its highest point is the 1,856 m high summit known as Sierra Alta.
Description
This mountain range is named after the town of Albarr ...
and the
Montes Universales, among others.
Depopulation and neglect
Most of the Teruel Province has undergone massive depopulation since the middle of the 20th century. This situation is shared with other areas in Spain, particularly with those near the
Iberian mountain range (much of the provinces of
Soria
Soria () is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 ( INE, 2017), 43.7% of the provincial popula ...
,
Guadalajara and
Cuenca) and with other areas in
Aragón.
The exodus from the rural mountain areas in Teruel rose after
General Franco's ''Plan de Estabilización'' in 1959. The population declined steeply as people migrated towards the industrial areas and the large cities in Spain, leaving behind their small villages where living conditions were often harsh, with cold winters and very basic facilities.
As a consequence there are many
ghost town
Ghost Town(s) or Ghosttown may refer to:
* Ghost town, a town that has been abandoned
Film and television
* ''Ghost Town'' (1936 film), an American Western film by Harry L. Fraser
* ''Ghost Town'' (1956 film), an American Western film by All ...
s in different parts of the province.
A great number of surviving towns in Teruel province have only a residual population, reviving somewhat during the summer when a few city-dwellers spend their holidays there. Other causes of the strong emigration have been the low productivity of traditional agricultural practices, like sheep and goat farming, the closing of mines, like the large
Sierra Menera mine near
Ojos Negros, as well as the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.
The "
Teruel Exists" ( es, link=no, Teruel existe) movement began at the turn of the 21st century. It is a platform of provincial authorities, institutions and sympathizers seeking to reverse the long-standing neglect of this province.
Teruel existe
/ref>
Population development
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Colors=
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id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
ImageSize = width:650 height:auto barincrement:30
PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:270
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
AlignBars = late
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
PlotData=
color:skyblue width:20 shift:(-50,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till
bar:1877 from:0 till:249 text:248,765
bar:1887 from:0 till:247 text:246,817
bar:1900 from:0 till:252 text:251,994
bar:1910 from:0 till:266 text:265,908
bar:1920 from:0 till:264 text:264,062
bar:1930 from:0 till:264 text:263,700
bar:1940 from:0 till:246 text:245,960
bar:1950 from:0 till:243 text:243,269
bar:1960 from:0 till:224 text:223,758
bar:1970 from:0 till:174 text:173,861
bar:1980 from:0 till:153 text:153,457
bar:1990 from:0 till:144 text:143,680
bar:2000 from:0 till:136 text:135,858
bar:2010 from:0 till:143 text:143,162
bar:2020 from:0 till:134 text:134,176
TextData=
pos:(35,20) fontsize:M
text:"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE"
Comarcas
The following Comarcas of Aragon are located in Teruel Province:
* Bajo Martín
* Jiloca
* Cuencas Mineras
* Andorra-Sierra de Arcos
* Bajo Aragón
Bajo Aragón (; an, Baxo Aragón; ca, Baix Aragó), or Lower Aragon, is an administrative comarca in eastern central Aragon, Spain. It was first established in 1999. It has a population of 29,358 (2007) and an area of 1.304,2 km2. The seat ...
* Comunidad de Teruel
* Maestrazgo
The Maestrazgo () or Maestrat () is a natural and historical mountainous region, located at the eastern end of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range, in Spain. It encompasses the north of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in Castellón provinc ...
* Sierra de Albarracín Comarca
* Gúdar-Javalambre
* Matarranya
Notable people
* Luis Buñuel, film director from Calanda
* Gaspar Sanz, music composer from Calanda
* Antón García Abril, music composer
* Pablo Serrano
Pablo Serrano Aguilar, (8 March 1908, Crivillén, Teruel – 26 November 1985, Madrid) was a Spanish abstract sculptor.
Personal life
1920–1925. Pablo Serrano studied as a boarder in the Escuelas Profesionales Salesianas in Sarriá (Barcel ...
, sculptor from Crivillén
* Luis Milla, retired footballer who played for CD Teruel, FC Barcelona and R. Madrid
* David Civera, light music singer
* Federico Jiménez Losantos
Federico Jorge Jiménez Losantos (born 15 September 1951), also known by his initials FJL, is a Spanish radio presenter and right-wing pundit, being most known for his successful radio talk show ''Es la mañana de Federico''. He is also a TV hos ...
, author, journalist and radio host
* Manuel Pizarro Moreno, businessman, politician and jurist
See also
* La Vaquilla del Ángel
* List of Aragonese comarcas
* List of municipalities in Teruel
*Lower Aragon
Lower Aragon ( es, Bajo Aragón, an, Baixo Aragón, ca, Baix Aragó), also known as ''Tierra Baja'', is a natural region, natural and historical region in Aragon, Spain. The name "Lower Aragon" refers to the areas of the lowest altitude within ...
* Sistema Ibérico
* MotorLand Aragón
Notes and references
External links
Teruel.org
Teruel Info. – Caciquismo & desarrollismo
– N.B. This text-only website is in Japanese. Content not clear.
Teruel Digital
Directory in dmoz.org
Fundación Amantes de Teruel
Deteruel.com — Comunidad virtual de Teruel
El número de ancianos españoles aumenta un 20% en 13 años
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teruel, Province of