Telomerization is a
reaction
Reaction may refer to a process or to a response to an action, event, or exposure.
Physics and chemistry
*Chemical reaction
*Nuclear reaction
*Reaction (physics), as defined by Newton's third law
* Chain reaction (disambiguation)
Biology and ...
that produces a particular kind of
oligomer
In chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer () is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomers.Quote: ''Oligomer molecule: A molecule of intermediate relativ ...
with two distinct end groups. The oligomer is called a telomer. Some telomerizations proceed by radical pathways, many do not. A generic equation is:
:
where M is the monomer, and A and B are the end groups, and n is the
degree of polymerization
The degree of polymerization, or DP, is the number of structural unit, monomeric units in a macromolecule or polymer or oligomer molecule.
For a homopolymer, there is only one type of monomeric unit and the ''number-average'' degree of polymeriza ...
.
One example is the coupled dimerization and
hydroesterification
In industrial chemistry, carboalkoxylation is a process for converting alkenes to esters. This reaction is a form of carbonylation. A closely related reaction is hydrocarboxylation, which employs water in place of alcohols.
A commercial applicat ...
of
buta-1,3-diene. This step produces a doubly unsaturated C9-ester:
:2CH
2=CH-CH=CH
2 + CO + CH
3OH → CH
2=CH(CH
2)
3CH=CHCH
2CO
2CH
3
The monomer in this reaction is butadiene, the degree of polymerization is 2, and the end groups are
vinyl
Vinyl may refer to:
Chemistry
* Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a particular vinyl polymer
* Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation
* Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry
* Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl ...
and the carboxy methyl (CO
2CH
3). This and several related reactions proceed with
palladium
Palladium is a chemical element; it has symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1802 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas (formally 2 Pallas), ...
catalysts.
Many telomerizations are used in industrial chemistry.
Nomenclature
According to the jargon in polymer chemistry, telomerization requires a telogen to react with at least one
unsaturated taxogen molecule.
[ Fluorotelomers are an example.
]
See also
* Perfluorooctanoic acid (synthesis)
* Telomerization (dimerization)
References
{{Authority control
Chemical synthesis
Chemical processes
Industrial processes
Polymer chemistry
Oligomers