Tectariaceae is a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of
leptosporangiate ferns in the
order Polypodiales
The Order (biology), order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including Tropics, tropical, semitropical and Temperate clima ...
. In the
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder
Polypodiineae
Polypodiineae is a suborder of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is equivalent to the clade eupolypods I in earlier systems, and to the very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae in the classification of Christenhusz & Chase (2014). It probably ...
.
[ Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Tectarioideae of a very broadly defined family ]Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a Family (biology), family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genus, genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder ...
'' sensu lato''.[ The family comprises seven ]genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
, of which '' Tectaria'' is by far the largest.[
]
Taxonomy
In 1990, Karl U. Kramer and coauthors treated '' Pleocnemia'' and 7 of the currently recognized genera as a subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...
of Dryopteridaceae
The Dryopteridaceae are a Family (biology), family of leptosporangiate ferns in the Order (biology), order Polypodiales. They are known Common name, colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG&n ...
.[Karl U. Kramer (with Richard E. Holttum, Robin C. Moran, and Alan R. Smith). 1990. "Dryopteridaceae". pages ??. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ] Two other genera, ''Arthropteris'' and ''Psammiosorus'', along with '' Oleandra'', constituted Kramer's Oleandraceae. It is now known that Kramer's version of Dryopteridaceae is polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
. ''Arthropteris'' (including ''Psammiosorus'') lies within Tectariaceae and Tectariaceae is sister to a clade consisting of Oleandraceae, Davalliaceae, and Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a Family (biology), family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genus, genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder ...
.[Eric Schuettpelz and Kathleen M. Pryer. 2007. "Fern phylogeny inferred from 400 leptosporangiate species and three plastid genes" ''Taxon'' 56(4):1037–1050. (See ''External links'' below).] In 2006, in a revision of fern classification
Classification is the activity of assigning objects to some pre-existing classes or categories. This is distinct from the task of establishing the classes themselves (for example through cluster analysis). Examples include diagnostic tests, identif ...
, Tectariaceae was an accepted family.[Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2006. "A classification for extant ferns." Taxon 55(3):705-731. (See ''External links'' below).] In 2007, a molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
study of Dryopteridaceae included ''Pleocnemia'' and showed that it belongs in Dryopteridaceae.[Hong-Mei Liu, Xian-Chun Zhang, Wei Wang, Yin-Long Qiu, and Zhi-Duan Chen. 2007. "Molecular Phylogeny of the Fern Family Dryopteridaceae inferred from Chloroplast rbcL and atpB genes". ''International Journal of Plant Sciences'' 168(9):1311-1323. ] Also in 2007, ''Dracoglossum'' was named as a new genus.[Maarten J.M. Christenhusz. 2007. "''Dracoglossum'', a new Neotropical fern genus (Pteridophyta)". ''Thaiszia Journal of Botany'' 17:1-10.] It has since been removed to Lomariopsidaceae.
Phylogeny
In 2016, a cladistic
Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is ...
analysis of Tectariaceae separated two new genera, '' Draconopteris'' and '' Malaifilix'', from ''Tectaria'' ''sensu stricto''.[Liang Zhang, Eric Schuettpelz, Carl J. Rothfels, Xin-Mao Zhou, Xin-Fen Gao, and Li-Bing Zhang. 2016. "Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)". ''Taxon'' 65(4):723–738. ]
Genera
, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following genera. ''Polydictyum'' was separated from ''Tectaria'' after the publication of PPG I in 2016.
References
External links
400 leptosporangiates
A classification for extant ferns
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1519020
Fern families