was a Japanese economist, educator and

Christian pacifist Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Chr ...

. The first director of Shakai Kagaku Kenkyūjo (Institute of Social Science or Shaken) at the University of Tokyo,Banno, Junji. Social Science. Newsletter of the Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo February 1997 he studied at Toynbee Hall and School of Economics and Political Science (

London School of Economics , mottoeng = To understand the causes of things , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £240.8 million (2021) , budget = £391.1 mill ...

Life

Born in Ehime Prefecture, Yanaihara became a

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...

under the influence of Uchimura Kanzō's

Mukyokai The is an indigenous Japanese Christian movement which was founded by Uchimura Kanzō in 1901. Many of his disciples have likewise been well-known intellectual figures. Today it is believed that 35,000 people belong to the movement in Japan, Taiwan ...

Nonchurch Movement The is an indigenous Japanese Christian movement which was founded by Uchimura Kanzō in 1901. Many of his disciples have likewise been well-known intellectual figures. Today it is believed that 35,000 people belong to the movement in Japan, Taiwan ...

, while he was studying at the

University of Tokyo , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ...

after he graduated from Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Junior High School（predecessor of Hyogo Prefectural Kobe High School ) and First Higher School. In the 1930s he was appointed to the chair of

colonial Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 a ...

studies at the University of Tokyo, formerly held by his teacher Nitobe Inazō. However, Yanaihara's pacifist views and emphasis on indigenous

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a '' jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It st ...

, which he partly inherited from Nitobe – a

Quaker Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of Christian denomination, denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belie ...

and founding member of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by ...

– came into a full conflict with Japan's wartime government during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. He was noted for his criticism of Japan's expansionist policies. As a result, Yanaihara was forced to resign from teaching under pressure by right-wing scholars in 1937. Yanaihara resumed his teaching after the war and taught international economics at the University of Tokyo. He served as the president of the University from 1951 to 1957. For critical studies of Yanaihara's legacy, see ''Yanaihara Tadao and Japanese Colonial Policy: Redeeming Empire'', by Susan C. Townsend (Richmond: Curzon, 2000); and ''The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945'', edited by Ramon H. Myers and Mark R. Peattie (Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1984).

Support for Zionism

Yanaihara was interested in supporting and promoting

Zionist Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in J ...

forms of settler colonialism as a model that Japan could emulate. "The Zionist movement," claimed Yanaihara, "is nothing more than an attempt to secure the right for Jews to migrate and colonize in order to establish a center for Jewish national culture." As Japan's colonialist expansion gained speed in

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym "Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East ( Outer ...

and

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republi ...

in the 1920s and 1930s, the Japanese government and especially the

Manchukuo Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese in ...

government showed interest in cooperative agricultural settlement similar to what scholars like Yanaihara documented in Palestine.

Shokumin

He used the term ''shokumin'' (population migration) to discuss colonization and migration, highlighting the qualities of migration for the creation of a global civil society.

Awards

* senior grade of the third court rank * Grand Cordon in the Order of the Sacred Treasure

References

Biography

* * Nakano, Ryoko (2013). ''Beyond the Western Liberal Order: Yanaihara Tadao and Empire as Society''. Palgrave. * ''Tadao, Yanaihara Zenshu (Complete Works of Tadao Yanaihara), 29 vols. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1963-65.

External links

YANAIHARA TADAO AND JAPANESE COLONIAL EMPIRE｜A moral beacon in Japan's darkest days｜The Japan Times
1893 births 1961 deaths People from Ehime Prefecture University of Tokyo alumni University of Tokyo faculty Presidents of the University of Tokyo Japanese economists Historians of colonialism Japanese Christians Japanese Christian pacifists Japanese Protestants Presidents of The Japan Association of National Universities {{Japan-economist-stub