Taba, Egypt
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Taba ( ', ) is a town in the South Sinai of
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
, near the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba. Taba is the location of one of Egypt's busiest border crossings. It is the northernmost resort of Egypt's Red Sea Riviera.


History

In 1906, Taba became the center of a territorial dispute between the
British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...
and the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, known as the " Taba Crisis." Although the
Sinai Peninsula The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai ( ; ; ; ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Afri ...
was nominally Ottoman, it had been largely administered by Egypt, except for the
Aqaba Aqaba ( , ; , ) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative center of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148, ...
region, which had been officially under Ottoman administration since 1892. When the Ottomans began plans to extend the Hejaz railway to the Gulf of Aqaba, potentially challenging British influence in the
Red Sea The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and th ...
via the
Suez Canal The Suez Canal (; , ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, Indo-Mediterranean, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia (and by extension, the Sinai Peninsula from the rest ...
, Britain dispatched Lieutenant Bramly with a small Egyptian force to establish police stations in the region. Upon encountering Ottoman troops already positioned in Taba — territory the British claimed as Egyptian — they demanded the immediate evacuation of Taba. The Ottomans refused, threatening to open fire, which led the British to deploy the battleship Diana to the area. After several months of escalating tensions that threatened to spark an international conflict, with Taba as the only place the British considered Egyptian that the Ottomans refused to evacuate, Sultan Abdul Hamid II finally agreed to withdraw from Taba on 13 May 1906. Both the British and the Ottomans then agreed to demarcate a formal border that would run approximately straight from
Rafah Rafah ( ) is a city in the southern Gaza Strip, Palestine, and the capital of the Rafah Governorate. It is located south-west of Gaza City. In 2017, Rafah had a population of 171,889. Due to the Gaza war, about 1.4 million people from Gaza C ...
in a south-easterly direction to a point on the Gulf of Aqaba, not less than from
Aqaba Aqaba ( , ; , ) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative center of the Aqaba Governorate. The city had a population of 148, ...
. The border was initially marked with telegraph poles and these were later replaced by boundary pillars. Taba was located on the Egyptian side of the armistice line in 1949. During the Tripartite Aggression in 1956, it was briefly occupied by Israel but restored to Egypt when the Israelis retreated in 1957. Israel reoccupied Taba after the June War in 1967, and subsequently, a 400-room hotel was built in the town. Following the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, Egypt and Israel were negotiating the exact position of the border, Israel claimed that Taba had been on the Ottoman side of a border agreed between the Ottomans and British Egypt in 1906 and had, therefore, been in error in its two previous agreements. After a long dispute, the issue was submitted to an international commission composed of one Israeli, one Egyptian, and three outsiders. Both parties agreed that all maps since 1915, except for one 1916 Turkish-German map, show Taba on the Egyptian side and that no dispute had previously been raised on the issue in the intervening years. However, Israel claimed that errors had been made when the telegraph poles were replaced by boundary pillars in 1906–1907 and that the written 1906 agreement rather than its demarcation with boundary pillars was the legal border. The commission rejected the Israeli claim that the boundary pillars were in error but in any case held that a demarcated boundary accepted by all parties for such a long time had achieved legal status. Based on the wording of the Egypt-Israel peace treaty, the commission ruled that the accepted border during the Mandate period was the one that counted, though it rejected that that border was different from the earlier border. Of special concern was the final boundary pillar near the Gulf of Aqaba, which had disappeared. There are early photographs of a pillar north-east of Taba, but Israel claimed that it had been placed in error. The commission rejected Israel's case and positioned the pillar at its historical location. Therefore, Egypt and Israel resumed negotiations which ended in February 1989 and as a result, Taba was returned to Egypt.
Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 and the 41st Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister from 1981 to ...
raised the Egyptian flag on the town on 19 March 1989. As part of this subsequent agreement, travelers are permitted to cross from Israel at the
border checkpoint A border checkpoint is a location on an international border where travelers or goods are inspected and allowed (or denied) passage through. Authorization often is required to enter a country through its borders. Access-controlled borders of ...
, and visit the "Aqaba Coast Area of Sinai", (stretching from Taba down to
Sharm El Sheikh Sharm El Sheikh (, , literally "bay of the Sheikh"), alternatively rendered Sharm el-Sheikh, Sharm el Sheikh, or Sharm El-Sheikh, is an Egyptian city on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in South Sinai Governorate, on the coastal strip alo ...
, and including Nuweiba,
Saint Catherine's Monastery Saint Catherine's Monastery ( , ), officially the Sacred Autonomous Royal Monastery of Saint Catherine of the Holy and God-Trodden Mount Sinai, is a Christian monastery located in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Located at the foot of Mount Sinai ...
, and Dahab), visa-free for up to 14 days, making Taba a popular tourist destination. The resort community of Taba Heights is located some south of Taba. It features several large hotels, including the Hyatt Regency, Marriott, Sofitel, and Intercontinental. It is also a significant diving area where many people come to either free dive, scuba dive, or learn to dive via the many diving courses available. Other recreation facilities include a new desert-style golf course. On 24 September 1995, the Taba Agreement was signed by the
Palestine Liberation Organization The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ) is a Palestinian nationalism, Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinians, Palestinian people in both the occupied Pale ...
and the Israeli government in the town of Taba. On 7 October 2004, the
Hilton Taba The Steigenberger Hotel & Nelson Village () is a resort hotel in Taba, Egypt, just over 100 metres from the Borders of Israel#Border with Egypt, southern border between Egypt and Israel. History :HE:אליהו פפושדו, Eliyahu Paposchado beg ...
was hit by a bomb that killed 34 people. Of the deaths, over 20 were Israeli, 5 were
Egyptian ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of year ...
and 1 Russian, along with many injured Israelis. Twenty-four days later, an inquiry by the Egyptian Interior Ministry into the bombings concluded that the perpetrators received no external help but were aided by
Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu ( ; , singular ) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq). The Bedouin originated in the Sy ...
s in the peninsula. In February 2014, a bus taking tourists to
Saint Catherine's Monastery Saint Catherine's Monastery ( , ), officially the Sacred Autonomous Royal Monastery of Saint Catherine of the Holy and God-Trodden Mount Sinai, is a Christian monastery located in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Located at the foot of Mount Sinai ...
in Sinai exploded in Taba as the bus was preparing to cross into Israel. Three
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and one Egyptian were killed, and 14 South Koreans were injured. No group took responsibly for the blast. Israeli tourism in Taba was up in 2016 with many traveling to enjoy the northernmost Red Sea resort. On 27 October 2023, a drone crashed into a building next to a hospital. Six people were lightly injured. The six people would be discharged from the hospital after receiving the necessary first aid.


Geography


Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), as the rest of
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
. Taba heights' temperatures are slightly cooler and it has slightly more rainy days. It receives slightly less sunshine.


Taba Protected Area

Located just southwest of Taba is a protected area, including geological formations such as caves, a string of valleys, and mountainous passages. There are also some natural springs in the area. The area has 25 species of mammals, 50 species of rare birds, and 24 species of reptiles.Taba Protected Area of Egypt
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Transportation

Since Taba existed only as a small Bedouin village, there was never any real transportation infrastructure. More recently, Al Nakb Airport, located on the Sinai plateau some from Taba, was upgraded and renamed Taba International Airport (IATA: TCP, ICAO: HETB), and now handles half a dozen charter flights a week from the UK as well as weekly charter flights from
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,
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,
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, and the
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. Some tourists enter via the Taba Border Crossing and a marina has been built in the new Taba Heights development, some south of Taba, and which has frequent
ferry A ferry is a boat or ship that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in Venice, Italy, is sometimes referred to as a water taxi or water bus ...
sailings to Aqaba in Jordan, although these are restricted to tourists on organised tours.


Gallery

Image:Taba_border_crossing_-_Egyptian_side.jpg, Taba Border Crossing Image:Taba_border.jpg, Taba Border Crossing (December 2010) File:Taba-Egypt.JPG, Taba from Space File:Aqaba Castle.jpg, Saladin's Citadel File:DL2A---Club-Med-Taba-Sinai-Bay-Egypte-ok-(38).png, Taba Sinai Bay File:Taba Aerial photo.jpg, Taba Aerial photo File:Hotel_Hilton_-_Taba_-_panoramio.jpg,
Hilton Taba The Steigenberger Hotel & Nelson Village () is a resort hotel in Taba, Egypt, just over 100 metres from the Borders of Israel#Border with Egypt, southern border between Egypt and Israel. History :HE:אליהו פפושדו, Eliyahu Paposchado beg ...
File:DL2A---Club-Med-Taba-Sinai-Bay-Egypte-ok-(36).png, Club Méditerranée Taba


See also

*
Cultural tourism in Egypt Egypt has a thriving cultural tourism industry, built on the country's complex history, multicultural population and importance as a regional centre. History Egypt's cultural tourism trade has fluctuated since the 19th century, increasing in po ...
* Ras Muhammad National Park *
Taba Summit The Taba Summit (also known as Taba Talks, Taba Conference or shortened to Taba) were talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, held from 21 to 27 January 2001 in Taba, Egypt. The talks took place during a political transition period ...


References


External links


Photographical Impressions

Taba at Google Earth

Orascom Development (Taba Heights)
{{authority control National parks of Egypt Populated coastal places in Egypt Underwater diving sites in Egypt Populated places in South Sinai Governorate Tourism in Egypt Red Sea Seaside resorts in Egypt Tourist attractions in Egypt Egypt–Israel border crossings Former Israeli settlements in Sinai