Streamline Moderne is an international style of

Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...

architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by

aerodynamic Aerodynamics, from grc, ἀήρ ''aero'' (air) + grc, δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dyn ...

design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, toasters, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity. In France, it was called the ''style paquebot'', or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS ''Normandie'', launched in 1932.

Influences and origins

As the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of

, ''i.e.'', streamlining, a concept first conceived by industrial designers who stripped Art Deco design of its ornament in favor of the aerodynamic pure-line concept of motion and speed developed from scientific thinking. The cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing in architecture may also have been influenced by

constructivism Constructivism may refer to: Art and architecture * Constructivism (art), an early 20th-century artistic movement that extols art as a practice for social purposes * Constructivist architecture, an architectural movement in Russia in the 1920s a ...

, and by the

New Objectivity The New Objectivity (in german: Neue Sachlichkeit) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against expressionism. The term was coined by Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, the director of the ''Kunsthalle'' in Mannheim, wh ...

artists, a movement connected to the German Werkbund. Examples of this style include the 1923

Mossehaus Mossehaus is an office building on 18–25 Schützenstraße in Berlin, renovated and with a corner designed by Erich Mendelsohn between 1921 and 1923. The original Mosse building housed the printing press and offices of the newspapers owned by Ru ...

, the reconstruction of the corner of a Berlin office building in 1923 by Erich Mendelsohn and Richard Neutra. The Streamline Moderne was sometimes a reflection of austere economic times; sharp angles were replaced with simple, aerodynamic curves, and ornament was replaced with smooth

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most wi ...

and

glass Glass is a non-crystalline, often transparent, amorphous solid that has widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optics. Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of ...

. The style was the first to incorporate electric light into architectural structure. In the first-class dining room of the SS ''Normandie'', fitted out 1933–35, twelve tall pillars of

Lalique Lalique is a French glassmaker, founded by renowned glassmaker and jeweller René Lalique in 1888. Lalique is best known for producing glass art, including perfume bottles, vases, and hood ornaments during the early twentieth century. Following t ...

glass, and 38 columns lit from within illuminated the room. The Strand Palace Hotel foyer (1930), preserved from demolition by the

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and nam ...

during 1969, was one of the first uses of internally lit architectural glass, and coincidentally was the first Moderne interior preserved in a

museum A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...

Architecture

Streamline Moderne appeared most often in buildings related to transportation and movement, such as bus and train stations, airport terminals, roadside cafes, and port buildings. It had characteristics common with

modern architecture Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...

, including a horizontal orientation, rounded corners, the use of glass brick walls or porthole windows, flat roofs, chrome-plated hardware, and horizontal grooves or lines in the walls. They were frequently white or in subdued pastel colors. An example of this style is the Aquatic Park Bathhouse in the

Aquatic Park Historic District Aquatic Park Historic District is a National Historic Landmark and building complex on the San Francisco Bay waterfront within San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. The district includes a beach, bathhouse, municipal pier, restrooms, ...

, in San Francisco. Built beginning in 1936 by the

Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, i ...

, it features the distinctive horizontal lines, classic rounded corners railing and windows of the style, resembling the elements of ship. The interior preserves much of the original decoration and detail, including murals by artist and color theoretician

Hilaire Hiler Hilaire Harzberg Hiler (July 16, 1898 – January 19, 1966) was an American artist, psychologist, and color theoretician who worked in Europe and United States during the mid-20th century. At home and abroad, Hiler worked as a muralist, jazz mu ...

. The architects were William Mooser Jr. and William Mooser III. It is now the administrative center of Aquatic Park Historic District. The

Normandie Hotel The Normandie Hotel is a historic building located in the Isleta de San Juan, in San Juan, Puerto Rico which opened on October 10, 1942 as a hotel. Its design was inspired by the French transatlantic passenger ship SS ''Normandie'' in addition ...

San Juan, Puerto Rico San Juan (, , ; Spanish for "Saint John") is the capital city and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2020 census, it is the 57th-largest city under the jur ...

, which opened during 1942, is built in the stylized shape of the ocean liner SS ''Normandie'', and displays the ship's original sign. The Sterling Streamliner Diners in

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

were diners designed like streamlined trains. Although Streamline Moderne houses are less common than streamline commercial buildings, residences do exist. The

Lydecker House The Lydecker Hilltop House is an Art Deco house and film location in Los Angeles, California designed by Howard and Theodore Lydecker. It was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments are sites ...

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...

, built by Howard Lydecker, is an example of Streamline Moderne design in residential architecture. In tract development, elements of the style were sometimes used as a variation in postwar row housing in San Francisco's Sunset District. File:SFMaritimeMuseum.jpg, Aquatic Park Bathhouse, now part of the

San Francisco (1936) File:Coca-Cola Building Los Angeles.jpg, Coca-Cola factory, Los Angeles by

Robert V. Derrah Robert V. Derrah was an American architect. His work included designs for the Crossroads of the World (1936), Coca-Cola Building (Los Angeles) and a 1942 extension on the Southern California Gas Company Complex. He died at the age of 51 in 1946 ...

(1936) File:East Finchley Station - geograph.org.uk - 909900.jpg, East Finchley Tube station, London (1937) File:Hecht warehouse washington dc.jpg,

Hecht Company Warehouse The Hecht Company Warehouse in Washington, D.C. is a Streamline Moderne style building. Designed by engineer Gilbert V. Steel of the New York engineering firm Abbott and Merkt, and prominently located on New York Avenue in Ivy City Ivy City ...

in northeast

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

(1937) File:Pan-Pacific Auditorium entrance.jpg,

Pan-Pacific Auditorium The Pan-Pacific Auditorium was a landmark structure in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, California. It once stood near the site of Gilmore Field, an early Los Angeles baseball venue predating Dodger Stadium. It was located within sight of ...

in Los Angeles, California (1935–1989) File:LaGuardia MarineAirTerminal 1974.jpg,

Marine Air Terminal The Marine Air Terminal (also known as Terminal A) is an airport terminal located at LaGuardia Airport in Queens, New York City. Its main building, designed in the Art Deco style by William Delano of the firm Delano & Aldrich, opened in 1940. T ...

LaGuardia Airport LaGuardia Airport is a civil airport in East Elmhurst, Queens, New York City. Covering , the facility was established in 1929 and began operating as a public airport in 1939. It is named after former New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia. ...

, New York (1939) File:Hotel Shangri-La Santa Monica.jpg,

Hotel Shangri-La Hotel Shangri-La is a full-service boutique hotel located at 1301 Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica, California. It is an example of Streamline Moderne architecture and Art Deco design. The Hotel Shangri-La is family-owned, and is currently run by Pa ...

(1939), Santa Monica, California File:Greyhound Station Columbia SC LOC 570829cu.jpg, Greyhound Bus Station, Columbia, South Carolina (1936–1939) File:Union Pacific Station, Las Vegas, Nevada (74656).jpg, The

Las Vegas Las Vegas (; Spanish for "The Meadows"), often known simply as Vegas, is the 25th-most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas ...

Union Pacific Railroad The Union Pacific Railroad , legally Union Pacific Railroad Company and often called simply Union Pacific, is a freight-hauling railroad that operates 8,300 locomotives over routes in 23 U.S. states west of Chicago and New Orleans. Union Paci ...

station (mid-1930s, demolished 1971) File:First Church of Deliverance 2.jpg, Streamline Moderne church, First Church of Deliverance, Chicago, Illinois (1939), by Walter T. Bailey. Towers added 1948. File:Studio of National Broadcasting System, at night, Radio City, Hollywood, Calif (67295).jpg, Night image, NBC Hollywood Studios (also known as "Radio City Hollywood") at

Sunset Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring ...

and

Vine A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselv ...

(1938)

"Paquebot" style

In France, the style was called ''Paquebot'', meaning ocean liner. The French version was inspired by the launch of the ocean liner '' Normandie'' in 1935, which featured an Art Deco dining room with columns of

crystal. Buildings using variants of the style appeared in Belgium and in Paris, notably in a building at 3 boulevard Victor in the 15th arrondissement, by the architect

Pierre Patout Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...

. He was one of the founders of the Art Deco style. He designed the entrance to the Pavilion of a Collector at the 1925 Exposition of Decorative Arts, the birthplace of the style. He was also the designer of the interiors of three ocean liners, the '' Ile-de-France'' (1926), the '' L'Atlantique'' (1930), and the '' Normandie'' (1935). Patout's building on Avenue Victor lacked the curving lines of the American version of the style, but it had a narrow "bow" at one end, where the site was narrow, long balconies like the decks of a ship, and a row of projections like smokestacks on the roof. Another 1935 Paris apartment building at 1 Avenue Paul-Daumier in the 16th arrondissement had a series of terraces modelled after the decks of an ocean liner. The

Flagey Building The Flagey Building (french: Bâtiment Flagey, nl, Flageygebouw) also known as Radio House (french: Maison de la Radio, nl, Radiohuis) is a building located in Ixelles, a municipality of Brussels, Belgium, housing the Flagey cultural centre. ...

was built on the

Place Flagey Place may refer to: Geography * Place (United States Census Bureau), defined as any concentration of population ** Census-designated place, a populated area lacking its own municipal government * "Place", a type of street or road name ** Often ...

Ixelles ( French, ) or (Dutch, ), is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located to the south-east of Brussels' city centre, it is geographically bisected by the City of Brussels. It is also bordered by the muni ...

(

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

), Belgium, in 1938, in the ''paquebot'' style, and has been nicknamed "Packet Boat" or "paquebot". It was designed by , and selected as the winning design in an architectural competition to create a building to house the former headquarters of the Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting (INR/NIR). The building was extensively renovated, and in 2002, it reopened as a

cultural centre A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run. Asia * Cen ...

known as Le Flagey. File:SS Normandie (ship, 1935) interior.jpg, Main dining room of the ocean liner S.S. ''Normandie'' by Pierre Patout (1935) File:Immeuble de Pierre Patout Bd Victor Paris XV.jpg, ''Paquebot'' building at 3 boulevard Victor, 15th arrondissement, Paris by Patout (1935) File:Ancien Institut national de Radiodiffusion - vue d'ensemble.JPG,

(or ''Maison de la Radio''),

(

), Belgium (1938)

Automobiles

The defining event for streamline moderne design in the United States was the 1933–34 Chicago World's Fair, which introduced the style to the general public. The new automobiles adapted the smooth lines of ocean liners and airships, giving the impression of efficiency, dynamism, and speed. The grills and windshields tilted backwards, cars sat lower and wider, and they featured smooth curves and horizontal speed lines. Examples include the 1934 Chrysler Airflow and the 1934 Studebaker Land Cruiser. The cars also featured new materials, including

bakelite Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, better known as Bakelite ( ), is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The first plastic made from synthetic components, it was developed ...

plastic,

formica ''Formica'' is a genus of ants of the family Formicidae, commonly known as wood ants, mound ants, thatching ants, and field ants. ''Formica'' is the type genus of the Formicidae, and of the subfamily Formicinae. The type species of genus ''For ...

, Vitrolight opaque glass,

stainless steel Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains at least 11% chromium and may contain elements such as carbon, other nonmetals and metals to obtain other desired properties. Stainless steel's corros ...

, and enamel, which gave the appearance of newness and sleekness. Other later examples include the 1950

Nash Ambassador The Nash Ambassador is a luxury automobile that was produced by Nash Motors from 1927 until 1957. For the first five years it was a top trim level, then from 1932 on a standalone model. Ambassadors were lavishly equipped and beautifully construc ...

"Airflyte" sedan with its distinctive low fender lines, as well as

Hudson Hudson may refer to: People * Hudson (given name) * Hudson (surname) * Henry Hudson, English explorer * Hudson (footballer, born 1986), Hudson Fernando Tobias de Carvalho, Brazilian football right-back * Hudson (footballer, born 1988), Hudso ...

's postwar cars, such as the

Commodore Commodore may refer to: Ranks * Commodore (rank), a naval rank ** Commodore (Royal Navy), in the United Kingdom ** Commodore (United States) ** Commodore (Canada) ** Commodore (Finland) ** Commodore (Germany) or ''Kommodore'' * Air commodore ...

, that "were distinctive streamliners—ponderous, massive automobiles with a style all their own". File:Rumpler (31713119053).jpg, The

Rumpler Tropfenwagen The Rumpler Tropfenwagen ("Rumpler drop car", named after its raindrop shape) was a car developed by Austrian engineer Edmund Rumpler. The Tropfenwagen Aerodynamics Rumpler, born in Vienna, was known as a designer of aircraft when at the 1921 Be ...

(1921) was designed by

Edmund Rumpler Edmund Elias Rumpler (4 January 1872 – 7 September 1940) was an Austrian automobile and aircraft designer. Born in Vienna, then Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Austria),Wise 1974, p.1964 he worked mainly in Germany.Lyons 1988, p.73 An automo ...

, who was initially an aircraft designer File:Sportovní vůz Supersport.gif, The 1931 WIKOV Supersport, Prostějov

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...

was one of the first produced truly aerodynamically designed automobiles. File:Tatra 77A dutch licence registration AM-44-01 pic10.JPG, The 1934

Tatra 77 The Czechoslovakian Tatra 77 (T77) is by many considered to be the first serial-produced, truly aerodynamically-designed automobile. It was developed by Hans Ledwinka and Paul Jaray, the Zeppelin aerodynamic engineer. Launched in 1934, the Tatra 7 ...

was one of the first serial-produced truly aerodynamically designed automobiles. File:1934ChryslerAirflow.jpg, 1934 Chrysler Airflow File:1934 Studebaker Commander Land Cruiser Sedan (4000265550).jpg, Studebaker Land Cruiser (1934) Stout Scarab 2.jpg, Stout Scarab (1935) on display at Houston Fine Arts Museum Bugatti Aérolithe AV.jpg,

Bugatti Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a German then French manufacturer of high-performance automobiles. The company was founded in 1909 in the then-German city of Molsheim, Alsace, by the Italian-born industrial designer Ettore Bugatti. The cars w ...

Aérolithe (1936) Cord 812 1937.jpg, 1937

Cord Automobile Cord was the brand name of an American luxury automobile company from Connersville, Indiana, manufactured by the Auburn Automobile Company from 1929 to 1932 and again in 1936 and 1937. The Cord Corporation was founded and run by E. L. C ...

1938 Talbot Teardrop SS 150 (7412440580).jpg, Talbot Teardrop SS 150 (1938) Schlörwagen without the Russian aircraft power unit.jpg, 1939

Schlörwagen The ''Schlörwagen'' (nicknamed "Göttingen Egg" or "Pillbug") was a prototype aerodynamic rear-engine passenger vehicle developed by Karl Schlör (1911–1997) and presented to the public at the 1939 Berlin Auto Show. It never went into producti ...

- Subsequent wind tunnel tests yielded a drag coefficient of 0.113 File:1939 Dodge TE32 table top (6333330869).jpg, 1939 Dodge 'Job Rated' streamline model truck File:1946 Chevrolet DP ½-ton truck, front left.jpg, 1946 Chevrolet DP ½-ton 'Art Deco' pickup File:T603 MockUp.jpg, 1955 Tatra603 The last prototype in Kopřivnice

Planes, boats and trains

Streamlining became a widespread design practice for aircraft, railroad locomotives, and ships. File:Boeing, 247.jpg,

Boeing 247 The Boeing Model 247 is an early United States airliner, and one of the first such aircraft to incorporate advances such as all-metal (Anodizing#Anodized aluminium, anodized aluminum) semimonocoque construction, a fully Cantilever#Aircraft, cant ...

airliner (1933) File:DC3UnitedLndgOak (4476848126).jpg, Douglas DC-3 airliner (1935) File:Lockheed_L-749A_PH-TDK_KLM_RWY_07.07.53_edited-2.jpg,

Lockheed Constellation The Lockheed Constellation ("Connie") is a propeller-driven, four-engined airliner built by Lockheed Corporation starting in 1943. The Constellation series was the first pressurized-cabin civil airliner series to go into widespread use. Its press ...

airliner (1943) File:Kalakala.jpg, MV ''Kalakala'', the first streamlined ferry boat (1935) Fliegender Hamburger 01.JPG, Hamburg Flyer (1932) File:NS DE III in het grijs te Utrecht CS.jpg, ''Diesel III'',

the Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

(1934) File:Dampflokomotive der Baureihe 05 Der neue Brockhaus 1938.jpg,

DRG Class 05 The Deutsche Reichsbahn's Class 05 was a German class of three express passenger steam locomotives of 4-6-4 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C2′ h3 in the UIC notation used in continental Europe. They were part of the DRG's ...

(1935), world speed record for steam locomotives in 1936 File:Cleveland Mercury ticket New York Central 1938.JPG, Mercury locomotive designed by

Henry Dreyfuss Henry Dreyfuss (March 2, 1904 – October 5, 1972) was an American industrial design pioneer. Dreyfuss is known for designing some of the most iconic devices found in American homes and offices throughout the twentieth century, including the We ...

(1936) File:6229 Duchess of Hamilton at the National Railway Museum.jpg, Duchess of Hamilton locomotive (1938) File:PCC-Chicago-4.jpg, Chicago

PCC car The PCC (Presidents' Conference Committee) is a streetcar (tram) design that was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design proved successful in its native country, and after World War II it was licensed for use elsewhere in the ...

File:M 290.002 Slovenská strela, Žleby zastávka – Žleby 02.jpg, 1936 M 290.0 Slovenská Strela speed train, Czechoslovakia. Slovenská strela was manufactured by Tatra Kopřivnice in

in 1936 for Czechoslovak State Railways.

Industrial design

Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a leading design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the simple designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items, making them affordable to the large European working class. Streamlining and functionalism represent two different schools in modernistic industrial design. File:Ericsson bakelittelefon 1931.jpg, The first

telephone (1931) File:Philips 930.jpg, Philips Art Deco radio set (1931) File:Lurelle Guild. Vacuum Cleaner, ca. 1937..jpg,

Electrolux Electrolux AB () is a Swedish multinational home appliance manufacturer, headquartered in Stockholm. It is consistently ranked the world's second largest appliance maker by units sold, after Whirlpool. Electrolux products sell under a variety ...

Vacuum cleaner (1937) File:Toaster1.jpg, Streamlined

toaster A toaster is a small electric appliance that uses radiant heat to brown sliced bread into toast. Types Pop-up toaster In pop-up or automatic toasters, a single vertical piece of bread is dropped into a slot on the top of the toaste ...

File:Crosley radio.jpg, Streamlined

Bakelite Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, better known as Bakelite ( ), is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The first plastic made from synthetic components, it was developed ...

radio (1952)

Other notable examples

* 1923 Mossehaus, Berlin. Reconstruction by Erich Mendelsohn and Richard Neutra * 1926:

Long Beach Airport Long Beach Airport is a public airport three miles northeast of downtown Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is also called Daugherty Field, named after local aviator Earl Daugherty. The airport was an operating base ...

Main Terminal,

Long Beach, California Long Beach is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 466,742 as of 2020. A charter city, Long Beach is the seventh-most populous city in California. Incorporate ...

* 1928:

Lockheed Vega The Lockheed Vega is an American five- to seven-seat high-wing monoplane airliner built by the Lockheed Corporation starting in 1927. It became famous for its use by a number of record-breaking pilots who were attracted to the rugged and very l ...

, designed by

John Knudsen Northrop John Knudsen Northrop (November 10, 1895 – February 18, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and designer who founded the Northrop Corporation in 1939. His career began in 1916 as a draftsman for Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Com ...

, a six-passenger, single-engine aircraft used by

Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...

* 1928: Doctor's Building in

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

, Ukraine * 1928–1930:

Canada Permanent Trust Building Built in 1931 and formerly known as the Canada Permanent Trust Building in Toronto, 320 Bay Street Bay Street is a major thoroughfare in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the centre of Toronto's Financial District and is often used by m ...

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

* 1930: Strand Palace Hotel, London; foyer designed by

Oliver Percy Bernard Oliver Percy Bernard OBE MC (8 April 1881 – 15 April 1939) was an English architect, and scenic, graphic and industrial designer. He was instrumental in developing conservative Victorian British taste in a modernist European direction; mu ...

* 1930–1934: Broadway Mansions, Shanghai, designed by B. Flazer of Palmer and Turner * 1931: The Eaton's Seventh Floor in

Toronto, Ontario Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

, Canada, designed by

Jacques Carlu Jacques Carlu (7 April 1890 Bonnières-sur-Seine – 3 December 1976 Paris) was a French architect and designer, working mostly in Art Deco style, active in France, Canada, and in the United States. Biography Through the 1910s Carlu studied on ...

, in the former Eaton's department store * 1931:

Napier, New Zealand Napier ( ; mi, Ahuriri) is a city on the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Hawke's Bay Region, Hawke's Bay region. It is a beachside city with a Napier Port, seaport, known for its sunny climate, esplanade lin ...

, rebuilt in Art Deco and Streamline Moderne styles after a major earthquake * 1931–1932: ''Plärrer Automat'', Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany by later Nazi-collaborate architect

Walter Brugmann Walter Brugmann (2 April 1887 – 26 May 1944) was a Nazi German architect. From 1928 he was head of the city engineering office in Leipzig. From 1933, he was a city planner in Nuremberg, and in 1940 worked as general supervisor for Berlin. From 19 ...

* 1931–1933: Hamilton GO Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada by Alfred T. Fellheimer * 1931–1944: Serralves House, Porto, Portugal, designed by José Marques da Silva * 1932: Edifício Columbus, São Paulo, Brazil (demolished 1971) * 1932:

Arnos Grove Tube Station Arnos Grove is a London Underground station located in Arnos Grove in the London Borough of Enfield, London. It is on the Piccadilly line between Bounds Green and Southgate stations and is in Travelcard Zone 4. The station opened on 19 Septem ...

, London, England, designed by

Charles Holden Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was " ...

* 1933: Casa della Gioventù del Littorio,

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, designed by

Luigi Moretti Luigi Walter Moretti (2 January 1907 – 14 July 1973) was an Italian architect. Active especially in Italy since the thirties, he designed buildings such as the Watergate Complex in Washington DC, The Academy of Fencing, and ''Il Girasole'' (" ...

* 1933: ''Ty Kodak'' building in

Quimper Quimper (, ; br, Kemper ; la, Civitas Aquilonia or ) is a commune and prefecture of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France. Administration Quimper is the prefecture (capital) of the Finistère department. Geography Th ...

, France, designed by

Olier Mordrel Olier Mordrel (29 April 1901 – 25 October 1985) is the Breton language version of Olivier Mordrelle, a Breton nationalist and wartime collaborator with the Third Reich who founded the separatist Breton National Party. Before the war, he worked ...

* 1933:

Southgate tube station Southgate is a London Underground Piccadilly line station in Southgate. It is located between Arnos Grove and Oakwood stations and is in Travelcard Zone 4. History Southgate station opened on 13 March 1933 with Oakwood on the second phase o ...

, London * 1933: Burnham Beeches in Sherbrooke, Victoria, Australia. Harry Norris architect * 1933: Merle Norman Building, Santa Monica, California ''See also History of Santa Monica, California'' * 1933: Midland Hotel, Morecambe, England * 1933: Edificio Lapido, Montevideo, Uruguay * 1933–1940: Interior of Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago), Museum of Science and Industry, designed by Alfred Shaw * 1934: Pioneer Zephyr, the first of Edward G. Budd's streamlined stainless-steel locomotives * 1934:

, the first mass-market wikt:streamline, streamline automotive design * 1934: Chrysler Airflow, the second mass-market wikt:streamline, streamline automotive design * 1934: Hotel Shangri-La (Santa Monica), Hotel Shangri-La in Santa Monica, California * 1934: Edifício Nicolau Schiesser, São Paulo, Brazil (demolished 2014) * 1935: Ford Building (San Diego, California), Ford Building in Balboa Park, San Diego, California * 1935: The De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill-on-Sea, England * 1935: Pan-Pacific Auditorium, Los Angeles * 1935: Edificio Internacional de Capitalización, Mexico City, Mexico * 1935: LZ 129 Hindenburg, The Hindenburg, Zeppelin passenger accommodations * 1935: The interior of Lansdowne House on Berkeley Square in Mayfair, London * 1935: The Hamilton Hydro-Electric System Building, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada * 1935: MV ''Kalakala'', the world's first streamlined ferry * 1935: :uk:Будинок ІТП (Київ), Technologist's Building in

, Ukraine * 1935–1938: Le Flagey, Former Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting (known as the ''Maison de la Radio'') on Place Flagey, Eugène Flagey Square in

(

), by Joseph Diongre * 1935–1956: High Tower Court, Hollywood Heights, Los Angeles * 1936: Lasipalatsi, in Helsinki, Finland, Functionalism (architecture), functionalist office building and now a cultural and media center * 1936: Florin Court, on Charterhouse Square in London, built by Guy Morgan and Partners * 1936: Campana Factory, historic factory in Batavia, Illinois * 1936: Edifício Guarani, São Paulo, Brazil * 1936: Nordic Theater, Marquette, Michigan * 1936: Alkira House, Melbourne * 1937: Earls Court Exhibition Centre, London * 1937: Earl's Court tube station, London, facing the Earls Court Exhibition frontage * 1937: Blytheville Greyhound Bus Station in Blytheville, Arkansas * 1937: Regent Court, residential apartments on Bradfield Road, Hillsborough, Sheffield * 1937: Malloch Building, residential apartments at 1360 Montgomery Street in San Francisco * 1937: B B Chemical Company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, built by Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott * 1937: Belgium Pavilion, at the Exposition Internationale, Paris * 1937: TAV Studios (Tom Breneman, Brenemen's Breakfast in Hollywood, Restaurant), Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood * 1937: Dudley Zoo, Dudley, UK * 1937:

* 1937: Minerva Theatre, Sydney, Minerva (or Metro) Theatre and the Minerva Building, Potts Point, New South Wales, [ustralia * 1937: Bather's Building in the

, now the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park Maritime Museum * 1937: Barnum Hall (High School auditorium), Santa Monica, California * 1937: J.W. Knapp Company Building (department store) Lansing, Michigan * 1937: Wan Chai Market, Wan Chai, Hong Kong * 1937: River Oaks Shopping Center, Houston * 1937: Toronto Stock Exchange Building, mix of

and Streamline Moderne * 1937: Pittsburgh Plate Glass Enamel Plant, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by Alexander C. Eschweiler * 1937: Old Greyhound Bus Station (Jackson, Mississippi) * 1937: Gramercy Theatre, New York City * 1937: Gdynia Maritime University in Poland, by Bohdan Damięcki * 1938: Esslinger Building in San Juan Capistrano, California * 1938: Fife Ice Arena in Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom * 1938: Mark Keppel High School, Alhambra, California * 1938: Greyhound Bus Terminal (Evansville, Indiana) * 1938: ''20th Century Limited'', New York City * 1938: Jones Dog & Cat Hospital, West Hollywood, California, by Walter Wurdeman, Wurdeman & Welton Beckett, Beckett (remodel of 1928 original construction) * 1938: Greyhound Bus Depot (Columbia, South Carolina) * 1938: Marine Court, St Leonards, East Sussex, England * 1939: Bartlesville High School, Bartlesville, Oklahoma * 1939: First Church of Deliverance in Chicago, Illinois * 1939: Marine Air Terminal, LaGuardia Airport, New York City * 1939: Road Island Diner, Oakley, Utah * 1939: Albion Hotel, South Beach, Miami Beach, Florida * 1939: 1939 New York World's Fair, New York World's Fair * 1939: Boots Court Motel in Carthage, Missouri * 1939: Cardozo Hotel, Ocean Drive, South Beach, Miami Beach, Florida * 1939: Daily Express Building, Manchester, England * 1939: East Finchley tube station, London, England * 1939: Appleby Lodge, Manchester, England * 1940: Gabel Kuro jukebox designed by Brooks Stevens * 1940: Ann Arbor Bus Depot, Michigan * 1940: Manila Jai Alai Building, Jai Alai Building, Taft Avenue Manila, Philippines (demolished 2000) * 1940: Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles, California * 1940: Las Vegas Union Pacific Station, Las Vegas, Nevada * 1940: Rivoli Cinemas, 200 Camberwell Road Hawthorn East, Melbourne, Australia * 1940: Pacaembu Stadium, São Paulo, Brazil * 1941: Avalon Hotel, Ocean Drive, South Beach, Miami Beach, Florida * 1942: Coral Court Motel in Marlborough, Missouri * 1942:

* 1942: Mercantile National Bank Building in Dallas, Texas * 1942: Musick Point#Radio station, Musick Memorial Radio Station in Auckland, New Zealand * 1943: Edifício Trussardi in São Paulo, Brazil * 1944: Huntridge Theater, Las Vegas, Nevada * 1945: Muscats Motors, Gżira, Malta * 1945: Ressano Garcia Railway Station, Mozambique * 1946: Gerry Building, Los Angeles, California * 1946: Canada Dry Bottling Plant, Silver Spring, Maryland * 1946: Broadway Theatre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada * 1949: Sault Memorial Gardens, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario * 1949: Beacon Lodge, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada * 1951: Federal Reserve Bank Building, Seattle, Washington * 1954: :fr:Ancien Théâtre Municipal de Poitiers, Poitiers Theater designed by :fr:Édouard Lardillier, Edouard Lardillier * 1955: Eight Forty One (former Prudential Life Insurance Building), Jacksonville, Florida, designed by KBJ Architects * 1957: Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier (Star Ferry Pier, Central), Hong Kong (demolished 2006) * 1957: Tsim Sha Tsui Ferry Pier, Hong Kong * 1965: Hung Hom Ferry Pier, Hong Kong * 1968: Wan Chai Pier, Hong Kong (demolished 2014)

In motion pictures

*Tanks, aircraft and buildings in William Cameron Menzies's 1936 movie ''Things to Come'' *The buildings in Frank Capra's 1937 movie ''Lost Horizon (1937 film), Lost Horizon'', designed by Stephen Goosson *The design of the "Emerald City" in the 1939 movie ''The Wizard of Oz (1939 film), The Wizard of Oz'' *The main character's helmet and rocket pack in the 1991 movie The Rocketeer (film), ''The Rocketeer'' *The High Tower apartments, featured in the 1973 film ''The Long Goodbye (film), The Long Goodbye'' and 1991 film ''Dead Again'' *The Malloch Apartment Building at 1360 Montgomery St, San Francisco that serves as apartment for Lauren Bacall's character in Dark Passage (film), ''Dark Passage''

References

Bibliography

* *

External links

Streamline Moderne
Flickr
Streamline Moderne
Decopix *
Streamline Moderne & Nautical Moderne Architecture in Miami Beach
, ''Miami Beach Magazine'' *
San Francisco 1939 Modern 'Wedding Cake'
, HGTV.com {{Architecture in the United States Streamline Moderne architecture, Streamliners Art Deco architecture, Streamline Moderne 20th-century architectural styles Streamline Moderne architecture in the United States,