Spirurida is an order of

spiruria Subclass Spiruria comprises mostly parasitic secernentean nematodes. In an alternate classification, they are treated as suborder Spirurina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders. The Ascaridida and the Oxyurida, which include ...

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s. Like all nematodes, they have neither a

circulatory The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, tha ...

nor a

respiratory system The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies grea ...

. Some Spirurida, like the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Gongylonema ''Gongylonema'' is a genus of thread-like nematode that was described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious '' Spiruroides'' – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are ...

'', can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called "

creeping disease Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Some Spirurida, like the genus '' Gongylonema'', can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection wit ...

". Some species are known as eyeworms and infect the orbital cavity of animal hosts.

Systematics

The

Camallanida The Camallanida are an order of nematodes. * Parasites of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates * Copepods as obligatory secondary hosts They are sometimes included in the Spirurida as a suborder Camallanina. Notable species and genera * ...

are sometimes included herein as a suborder, and the Drilonematida are sometimes placed here as a

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

. There are doubts about the internal systematics of the Spirurida, and some groups placed herein might belong to other spirurian or even

secernentea Secernentea was a class of nematodes in the Classical Phylogeny System (Chitwood, 1958) and is no longer in use. This morphological-based classification system has been replaced by the Modern Phylogeny system, where taxonomy assignment is based o ...

n lineages.ToL (2002) The following superfamilies are at least provisionally placed in the Spirurida: *

Acuarioidea Acuariidae is a family of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. They are the only family in superfamily Acuarioidea, and number about 40 genera and 300 species, most of which are par ...

* Aproctoidea *

Diplotriaenoidea Diplotriaenidae is a family of spirurian nematodes. Like all their relatives, they have neither a circulatory a or respiratory system. They are the only family in superfamily Diplotriaenoidea, if the Oswaldofilariidae are correctly placed with ...

Filarioidea The Filarioidea are a superfamily of highly specialised parasitic nematodes. Species within this superfamily are known as filarial worms or filariae (singular filaria). Infections with parasitic filarial worms cause disease conditions generica ...

* Gnathostomatoidea *

Habronematoidea Habronematoidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Though none of the families placed here are overly diverse, they are quite lar ...

* Physalopteroidea * Rictularioidea *

Spiruroidea Spiruroidea is a superfamily of Spirurida Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Some Spirurida, like the genus '' Gongylonema'', can cause disease in h ...

Thelazioidea Thelazioidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Among the families placed here, only the Rhabdochonidae are notably diverse. tho ...

Systematics

References

Citations

Sources

External links