''Sida'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the mallow family,

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

. They are distributed in

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

regions worldwide,Shaheen, N., et al. (2009)
Foliar epidermal anatomy and its systematic implication within the genus ''Sida'' L. (Malvaceae).
''African Journal of Biotechnology'' 8(20), 5328-36. especially in the Americas.''Sida''.
The Jepson eFlora 2013. Plants of the genus may be known generally as fanpetals''Sida''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). or sidas.''Sida''.
FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.

Description

These are annual or perennial herbs or

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s growing up to 2m tall (6 feet). Most species have hairy herbage. The leaf blades are usually unlobed with serrated edges, but may be divided into lobes. They are borne on petioles and have

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...

s. Flowers are solitary or arranged in

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

s of various forms. Each has five hairy

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s and five petals in shades of yellow, orange, or white. There are many

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s and a

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

divided into several branches. The fruit is a disc-shaped

schizocarp A schizocarp is a dry fruit that, when mature, splits up into mericarps. There are different definitions: * Any dry fruit composed of multiple carpels that separate. : Under this definition the mericarps can contain one or more seeds (the m ...

up to 2 cm (3/4 inch) wide which is divided into five to 12 sections, each containing one seed. The pollens are spherical in shape. Pollen sida

Ecology

Many ''Sida'' are attractive to

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

and

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...

s. Arrowleaf sida (''

Sida rhombifolia ''Sida rhombifolia'', commonly known as arrowleaf sida, is a perennial or sometimes annual plant in the Family Malvaceae, native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Other common names include rhombus-leaved sida, Paddy's lucerne, jelly le ...

''), for example, is a

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ...

l host for the tropical checkered skipper ('' Pyrgus oileus''). The Sida golden mosaic virus and Sida golden yellow vein virus have been first isolated from ''Sida'' species; the former specifically from '' Sida santaremensis''.

Etymology

The genus name ''Sida'' is from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

for "pomegranate or water lily".

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

adopted the name from the writings of

Theophrastus Theophrastus (; grc-gre, Θεόφραστος ; c. 371c. 287 BC), a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school. He was a native of Eresos in Lesbos.Gavin Hardy and Laurence Totelin, ''Ancient Botany'', Routledge ...

Diversity

''Sida'' has historically been a

wastebasket taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...

, including many plants that simply did not fit into other genera of the Malvaceae. Species have been continually reclassified. The

circumscription Circumscription may refer to: *Circumscribed circle * Circumscription (logic) *Circumscription (taxonomy) *Circumscription theory, a theory about the origins of the political state in the history of human evolution proposed by the American anthrop ...

of ''Sida'' is still unclear, with no real agreement regarding how many species belong there. Over 1000 names have been placed in the genus, and many authorities accept about 150 to 250 valid names today. Some sources accept as few as 98 species.''Sida''.
The Plant List. There are many plants recognized as ''Sida'' that have not yet been described to science.Markey, A. S., et al. (2011)
''Sida picklesiana'' (Malvaceae), a new species from the Murchison-Gascoyne region of Western Australia.
''Nuytsia'' 21(3) 127-37. Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Sida rhombifolia

Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Sida rhombifolia

Species include:GRIN Species Records of ''Sida''.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). *'' Sida abutifolia'' Mill. – prostrate sida, spreading fanpetals *''

Sida acuta ''Sida acuta'', the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas. In no ...

'' Burm.f. (syn. ''S. carpinifolia'') – common wireweed, broomweed *'' Sida aggregata'' C.Presl – savannah fanpetals *'' Sida antillensis'' – Antilles fanpetals *'' Sida calyxhymenia'' – rock sida, tall sida *'' Sida cardiophylla'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

) F.Muell. *'' Sida ciliaris'' – bracted fanpetals, fringed fanpetals *'' Sida clementii'' Domin *'' Sida cordata'' – long-stalk sida, heartleaf fanpetals *''

Sida cordifolia ''Sida cordifolia'' ('ilima, flannel weed, bala, country mallow or heart-leaf sida) is a perennial subshrub of the mallow family Malvaceae native to India. It has naturalized throughout the world, and is considered an invasive weed in Africa, Au ...

'' L. – country-mallow, flannel sida *'' Sida echinocarpa'' F.Muell. *'' Sida elliottii'' – Elliott's fanpetals *''

Sida fallax ''Sida fallax'', known as yellow ilima or golden mallow, is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the ''Hibiscus'' family, Malvaceae, indigenous to the Hawaiian Archipelago and other Pacific Islands. Plants may be erect or prostrate and are ...

Walp. Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (26 December 1816 in Mühlhausen – 18 June 1853 in Berlin) was a German botanist. This botanist is denoted by the List of botanists by author abbreviation, author abbreviation Walp. when Author citation (botany), citing a ...

– ilima, yellow ilima *'' Sida glabra'' – smooth fanpetals *'' Sida glomerata'' – clustered fanpetals *'' Sida hermaphrodita'' – Virginia fanpetals, river-mallow *'' Sida intricata'' F.Muell. – twiggy sida *'' Sida jamaicensis'' – Jamaican fanpetals *'' Sida javensis'' *'' Sida lindheimeri'' – showy fanpetals *'' Sida linifolia'' – flaxleaf fanpetals, balai grand *'' Sida longipes'' – stockflower fanpetals *'' Sida mysorensis'' Wight & Arnott *'' Sida neomexicana'' – New Mexico fanpetals *''

Sida nesogena Sida may refer to: * ''Sida'' (crustacean), a genus of cladoceran water fleas * ''Sida'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants * SIDA, Security Identification Display Area, US FAA * Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, a Swedis ...

'' *'' Sida phaeotricha'' F.Muell. – hill sida *'' Sida picklesiana'' *''

Sida pusilla Sida may refer to: * ''Sida'' (crustacean), a genus of cladoceran water fleas * ''Sida'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants * SIDA, Security Identification Display Area, US FAA * Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, a Swedi ...

'' *'' Sida repens'' – Javanese fanpetals *''

'' L. – arrowleaf sida, Cuban jute *'' Sida rubromarginata'' – red-margin fanpetals *'' Sida salviifolia'' – ''escoba parada'' *'' Sida santaremensis'' – moth fanpetals *'' Sida spenceriana'' F.Muell. *'' Sida spinosa'' – prickly sida, prickly fanpetals *'' Sida tragiifolia'' – catnip noseburn, earleaf fanpetals *'' Sida trichopoda'' F.Muell. – hairy sida *'' Sida troyana'' *'' Sida ulmifolia'' Mill. – common wireweed, common fanpetals *'' Sida urens'' – tropical fanpetals, balai-zortie

Description

Ecology

Etymology

Diversity

Formerly placed here

References

External links