The Semliki harpoon, also known as the Katanda harpoon, refers to a group of complex barbed harpoon heads carved from bone, which were found at an archaeologic site on the
Semliki River
Semliki River is a major river, long, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda in Central and East Africa. It flows north from Lake Edward in Beni Territory, Nord-Kivu, D.R.C avoiding the Rwenzori Mountains on its Right (East), emp ...
in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
(formerly Zaire); the artifacts which date back approximately 90,000 years. The initial discovery of the first harpoon head was made in 1988. When the artifact was dated to 88,000 BCE, there was skepticism within the archaeological community about the accuracy of the stated age; in that the object seemed too advanced for human cultures of that era. However, the site has yielded multiple other examples of similar harpoons, and the dates have been confirmed.
It seemed to substantiate that fishing and an "aquatic civilization" was likely in the region across eastern and northern Africa during the wetter climatic conditions of the early to mid-
Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...
, as shown by other evidence at the lakeshore site of Ishango.
The site is littered with catfish bones and the harpoons are the correct size to catch adult catfish, so investigators suspect the fisherman came to the site every year "to catch giant catfish."
It is unlikely that the harpoons are much different from those used today (see reference for photos).
The archaeologic site coincides with the range of the
Efé Pygmies, which have been shown by
mitochondrial DNA analyses to be of extremely ancient and distinct lineage.
References
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Recent African origin of modern humans
Middle Stone Age
Stone Age Africa