Służewiec is a

neighbourhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, located within the district of

Mokotów Mokotów () is a district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It is densely populated, and hosts many companies and foreign embassies. Only a small part of the district is lightly industrialised (''Służewiec Przemysłowy''), while the majori ...

. Most of the neighbourhood consists of office buildings, which form one of the biggest complexes of office buildings in Poland, and one of the most important office centres in the city. It contains many headquarters of branches of many domestic and

multinational corporation A multinational corporation (MNC; also called a multinational enterprise (MNE), transnational enterprise (TNE), transnational corporation (TNC), international corporation, or stateless corporation, is a corporate organization that owns and cont ...

s. A small portion of the neighbourhood also forms a residential area with apartment buildings. The name of Służewiec was first attested in documentation in 1378, and it functioned as a small village until 1938, when it was incorporated into the city of Warsaw. It was mostly destroyed in 1944, during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, and initially re-developed as a major industrial district, known as

Służewiec Przemysłowy Służewiec Przemysłowy, originally known as the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec, is a Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, neighbourhood of the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Mokotów and Ursynów, within ...

(''Industrial Służewiec''), in the 1950s. In the 1990s, the industry had stopped being present in the area, with the neighbourhood developing into an office centre, becoming one of the biggest of this kind, both in the city, and in Poland. The southern portion of Służewiec is part of the municipal neighbourhood of

Służewiec Południowy Służewiec Południowy is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Mokotów, and administered by a neighbourhood council. In accordance to the City Information System, it consists of the southern p ...

(''South Służewiec''), governed by the

neighbourhood council A neighborhood council (also known as a community league) is a governmental or non-governmental body, whose purpose is to promote citizen participation in local government.Martin Minogue, ''Documents on Contemporary British Government: Volume 2, L ...

Name

The name ''Służewiec'', comes from the name of the nearby neighbourhood of

Służew Służew, historically until 16th century known as Służewo, is a residential neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Mokotów. Landmarks and transport Służew ...

, which historically was known as ''Służewo''. Its name comes from archaic

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

word ''służ'', which is equivalent to modern ''służyć'', and means ''to serve''. The name came from the fact, that historically, the area was inhabited by

serfs Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed dur ...

, peasants who served to the local

noble families Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. Th ...

. While the area was under the control of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

, which lasted from 1815 to 1915, the

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

name for the settlement was ''Служевечъ'' (

transcription Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including: Genetics * Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, often th ...

: ''Sluzhevech''). Between 1915 and 1918, while the area was under the control of the

German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...

, its

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

name was ''Sluschewec''.

Characteristics

Business

Most of the buildings of Służewiec are offices, with the neighbourhood containing one of the biggest complexes of office buildings in Poland, with 83 office buildings within its boundaries in 2019. Many of them include headquarters of many domestic companies, and branches of many

s. According to the estimates, the area of office buildings in Służewiec and the western portion of the nearby Ksawerów, commutes between 80 and 100 thousand employees, and 87% of the employees of the corporations are aged between 20 and 39 years, with the largest group (39%), being between 26 and 30 years. The huge number of people commuting to and from the area every day, together with local road systems not designed for such number of vehicles, is causing massive

traffic congestion Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing. Traffic congestion on urban road networks has increased substantially since the 1950s, resulting in m ...

, as well as lack of

parking space A parking space, parking place or parking spot is a location that is designated for parking, either paved or unpaved. It can be in a parking garage, in a parking lot or on a city street. The space may be delineated by road surface markings. The ...

s. Many candidates cite difficulties in commuting, as the main reason for turning down offers to work in the area.

Housing

While most of Służewiec neighbourhood is covered by office buildings, a comparably small portion of the neighbourhood consists of the

multifamily residential Multifamily residential, also known as multidwelling unit (MDU), is a classification of housing where multiple separate housing units for residential inhabitants are contained within one building or several buildings within one complex. Units can ...

apartment buildings, mostly located at the perimeters of the office zones. The neighbourhood is inhabited by a few thousand people, in contrast to estimated 80 to 100 thousand people commuting to the area every day for work.

Area of "Mordor"

The area of the complex of office buildings within Służewiec and the western portion of the nearby Ksawerów is colloquially referred to as ''

Mordor In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional continent of Middle-earth, Mordor (; from Sindarin ''Black Land'' and Quenya ''Land of Shadow'') is a dark realm. It lay to the east of Gondor and the great river Anduin, and to the south of Mirkwood. Mount ...

'', and ''Mordor in Domaniewska''. Its boundaries are commonly accepted to be Cybernetyki, Domaniewska, Marynarska, and Wołoska Streets. The name was given to the area, due to terrible traffic congestion present in the area, in reference to

, a fictional location, and personification of evil, from the 1954–1955 fantasy novel ''

The Lord of the Rings ''The Lord of the Rings'' is an Epic (genre), epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book ''The Hobbit'' but eventually d ...

'' written by

J. R. R. Tolkien John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (, 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist. He was the author of the high fantasy works ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. From 1925 to 1945, Tolkien was the Rawlinson ...

. The name had been popularized by

Facebook Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by the American technology conglomerate Meta Platforms, Meta. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with four other Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andre ...

fan page titled ''Mordor na Domaniewskiej'' (translation from

: ''Mordor in Domaniewska''), established in 2013, by one of the employees from the area. In 2018, the fansite had gained 100 000 followers. In the city is also published magazine ''Głos Mordoru'' (translation from

: ''The Voice of Mordor''), addressed to the employees of the corporations from the area. There were several attempts to make ''Mordor'' the officially recognized name of the area. In 2015, its supporters had hung a street sign with the name ''Mordor'' in the area, which however quickly taken down by the authorities. In 2018, the local inhabitants had proposed via the

participatory budgeting Participatory budgeting (PB) is a type of citizen sourcing in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget through a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making. These processes typically begin ...

, the recognition of the name, which however was not approved. Since 2015, the name is accepted in the search of the

Google Maps Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panorama, interactive panoramic views of streets (Google Street View, Street View ...

. On 12 December 2020, following the petition of local inhabitants, two small streets in the neighbourhood of Służewiec were named in reference to Mordor. They are J. R. R. Tolkiena Street, named after

, and Gandalfa Street, named after

Gandalf Gandalf is a protagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. He is a Wizards (Middle-earth), wizard, one of the Istari order, and the leader of the Company of the Ring. Tolkien took the name "Gandalf" fr ...

, one of main characters from Tolkien's ''

The Hobbit ''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again'' is a children's fantasy novel by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the ...

'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', and form a crossing with each other. They were named as such by the local council following the petitioning of the local population.

Education and science

In Służewiec, at 4 Szturmowa Street, are located the headquarters of the Faculty of Applied Linguistics of the

University of Warsaw The University of Warsaw (, ) is a public university, public research university in Warsaw, Poland. Established on November 19, 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country, offering 37 different fields of study as well ...

. In the area, at 9 Postępu Street, is also located the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials of the Łukasiewicz Research Network, a national

research institute A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural ...

of processing of

nonmetal In the context of the periodic table, a nonmetal is a chemical element that mostly lacks distinctive metallic properties. They range from colorless gases like hydrogen to shiny crystals like iodine. Physically, they are usually lighter (less ...

resources, including the manufacture of

ceramics A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porce ...

and

building material Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from natur ...

mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Mi ...

binding agents, and

concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most–widely used building material, and the most-manufactur ...

Government buildings

In Służewiec are located the headquarters of a few

government agencies A government agency or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government (bureaucracy) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, ...

of Poland. Among them are the

Institute of National Remembrance The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives which also includes two public prosecutio ...

located at 1 Kurtyki Street, the National Appeals Chamber at 17A Postępu Street, the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management at 3A Konstruktorska Street, and the

National Public Prosecutor's Office National Public Prosecutor's Office (, sometimes also translated as ''State Prosecutor's Office'') is the highest civil organizational unit in Poland's Prosecutor's offices. It's directed by National Public Prosecutor (''Prokurator Krajowy''). Nat ...

at 3 Postępu Street.

Public transit and transportation infrastructure

In Służewiec, near Sasanki Street, is located Warszawa Służewiec, a

railway stop A train station, railroad station, or railway station is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both. It generally consists of at least one platform, one track, and a station building providing such a ...

at the railway line no. 8 between stations Warszawa Zachodnia and Kraków Główny, operated by the

Polish State Railways The Polish State Railways ( , abbr.: PKP S.A.) is a Polish state-owned holding company (legally a sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury) comprising the rail transport holdings of the country's formerly dominant namesake railway oper ...

. The station is located near Sasanki Street. In 2021, it was used by 657 000 passengers, with the average number of passengers each day being 1 800. In the area are also located the Mokotów tram depot at 27 Woronicza Street, and the Woronicza bus depot at 29 Woronicza Street. Since 2019, in Mokotów tram depot functions the Tram Tradition Chamber, the museum of the Warsaw Trams. The area of Służewiec is regularly sight of massive

, caused by between 80 and 100 thousand employees commuting to the area every day, via the local road systems, which were not designed to handle such a number of vehicles. It also causes a lack of

s in the area.

Art

In the neighbourhood is placed the Monument to the Builders of Służewiec Przemysłowy, a socialist realism sculpture depicting a

bricklayer A bricklayer, which is related to but different from a mason, is a craftsperson and tradesperson who lays bricks to construct brickwork. The terms also refer to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of maso ...

, dedicated to people who worked on the construction of the industrial district of

(''Industrial Służewiec'') in the 1950s. It is located in front of the office building of Park Rozwoju, at Suwak Street. Its author and history remain unknown. Until the 2010s, it was placed in the backyard of the magazines of the Warszawa Północ Industrial Construction Company (

: ''Przedsiębiorstwo Budownictwa Uprzemysłowionego „Warszawa Północ”''). In 2015, after the building was deconstructed, and replaced by the office building of Park Rozwoju, the developers had decided to place the historical statue in front of the building. The sculpture is one of the last remaining objects from the industrial history of Służewiec.

Nature

Historically, though the area of Służewiec flowed Sadurka

stream A stream is a continuous body of water, body of surface water Current (stream), flowing within the stream bed, bed and bank (geography), banks of a channel (geography), channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a strea ...

, which formed the Służew Valley. The stream no longer exists, with its remaining portions forming

Służewiec Stream Służewiec is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Mokotów. Most of the neighbourhood consists of office buildings, which form one of the biggest complexes ...

, which does not go through the neighbourhood. The course of the stream had been artifially altered between the 1920s and the 1930s, by being channelled through

canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface ...

s, to omit the area.Monika Oksiuta:
Przemiany sieci hydrograficznej i zagospodarowania terenu na obszarze miejskim (zlewnia Potoku Służewieckiego, Warszawa)
'. In: ''Prace Geograficzne'', issue 120, 2008. Kraków: Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of Jagiellonian University. ISSN 1644-3586. (in Polish).

History

Służewiec was settled alongside the Sadurka

in the Służewiec Valley.Weseła Wojnarowicz, Paweł Gnieszawa-Słodkowski:
Dzielnica Włochy. Parki, zieleńce, zabytki...
'. Warsaw: Włochy Municipal Office. 2012. p. 18. ISBN 978-83-928365-4-4. (in Polish) The oldest known mention of Służewiec in documentation comes from 1378. In said documents, it was listed as one of 17 villages of the

landed property In real estate, a landed property or landed estate is a property that generates income for the owner (typically a member of the gentry) without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate. In medieval Western Europe, there were two compe ...

o. It was a village attached to the nearby village of

o (currently known as

), and was listed to have an area of 9 voloks (equivalent to 1.616 km² or 0.624 square miles), making it the biggest on the list.Józef Kazimierski, Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Żanna Kormanowa, Halina Rostowska: ''Dzieje Mokotowa''. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972. (in Polish) In 1411, the village was given the

Kulm law Kulm law, Culm law or Chełmno Law (; ; ) was a legal constitution for a municipal form of government used in several Central European cities in the Middle Ages and early modern period. It was initiated on 28 December 1233 in the Monastic State o ...

privileges by duke

Janusz I of Warsaw Janusz I of Warsaw (pl: ''Janusz I warszawski''), also known as Janusz I the Old (pl: ''Janusz I Starszy'') (c. 1347/52 – 8 December 1429), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Dukes of Masovia, Masovian branch, from 1373/74 D ...

, ruler of the

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw (; ; ), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a First French Empire, French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It initially comprised the ethnical ...

. By 1580, it was inhabited by the

petty nobility The minor or petty nobility is the lower nobility classes. Finland Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable peasants with leader role ...

of the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

. In 1678, Służewiec and Służewo were bought by

Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski a.k.a. "Mirobulius Tassalinus" (4 March 1642 – 17 January 1702) was a Polish noble, politician, patron of the arts and writer. Biography Lubomirski was the son of Marshal and Hetman Jerzy Sebastian L ...

becoming part of his landed property. Fort1233 DSC0662

In 1886, the Fort VIIA "Służewiec" had been built in the village, as part of the series of fortifications of the

Warsaw Fortress Warsaw Fortress (, ) was a system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a Western Russian fortresses, chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland an ...

, built around

by the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

. The objective of the fort had been the protection of road leading to town of

Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka River, Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was Cen ...

, now being the Puławska Streen. In 1909, it was decided to decommission and demolish the fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, due to the high maintenance costs. As such, Fort VIIA was partially demolished in 1913. The building is currently located within the modern boundaries of the area of

. In 1903 was opened Służewiec railway station, which was operated by the Grójec Commuter Railway. It was part of the

railway line Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel rails. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of land transport, next to road ...

between stations of Warszawa Mokotów and

Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą (; translating to 'New City on the Pilica') is a town in Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,022 inhabitants (2012). Just to the west of town is a former military airfield ICAO The International C ...

. The station operated until 31 July 1971. It was located to the south-east of Służewiec, near the current intersection of Puławska Street, and Dolina Służewiecka Street, within the City Information System area of Ursynów Północny. Between the 1920s and 1930s, the course of the Sadurka

, which went through Służewiec, had been artificially altered to omit the area. Sluzewiec_Race_Track_in_1939

In 1925, the Society of Horse Breeding Promotion in Poland (

: ''Towarzystwo Zachęty do Hodowli Koni w Polsce'') had bought an area of 1.5 km² (0.58 square miles), on which they began the construction of the Służewiec Horse Race Track, which was opened in 1939. Upon its opening, it was the biggest and the most modern

horse racing Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its bas ...

venue in Europe. During the

, the race track had been captured by the attacking

forces during the Siege of Warsaw. During the

German occupation of Poland German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

, the race track served as a

airstrip An aerodrome, airfield, or airstrip is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither, and regardless of whether it is for public or private use. Aerodromes in ...

for the

fighter aircraft Fighter aircraft (early on also ''pursuit aircraft'') are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat. In military conflict, the role of fighter aircraft is to establish air supremacy, air superiority of the battlespace. Domina ...

. In July 1944, there were stationed between 600 and 800 German soldiers. On 1 August 1944, on the first day of the

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from ...

, the airstrip had been attacked by the Polish resistance participants from the Karpaty Battalion of the Baszta Regiment Group.Lesław M. Bartelski: ''Mokotów 1944''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1986, p. 206–207. ISBN 83-11-07078-4. (in Polish) The attack was unsuccessful, with partisants experiencing heavy casualties. Later that day, in retaliation, the occupant forces had executed captured partisans and a group of civilians rounded up in the nearby

, on the training race track. The race track is located at 266 Puławska Street, in the modern boundaries of the City Information System area of Ursynów Północny. On 27 September 1938, Służew and Służewiec were incorporated into the city of

.
Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 22 września 1938 r. o przyłączeniu części gmin wiejskich Wilanów i Bródno w powiecie i województwie warszawskim do powiatów południowo-warszawskiego i prasko-warszawskiego w m. st. Warszawie.
' In: ''1938 Journal of Laws''. Warsaw. 1938. (in Polish)Marian Marek Drozdowski: ''Warszawiacy i ich miasto w latach Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej''. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1973, p. 17. (in Polish) The area had been destroyed in 1944 by the

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

, during the

, as part of the

destruction of Warsaw The destruction of Warsaw was Nazi Germany's razing of Warsaw, the city in late 1944, after the 1944 Warsaw Uprising of the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish resistance. The uprising infuriated German leaders, who decided to dest ...

. The only surviving historical structure is a small

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

shrine A shrine ( "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: ''escrin'' "box or case") is a sacred space">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ...: ''escri ...

located at the Bokserska Street. In 1951, the area of Służewiec,

Zbarż Zbarż is a locality within the borough of Włochy and a former village. It was established some time in 13th or 14th century. Granted with Magdeburg Law by Prince Bolesław IV of Warsaw, it was home to the Zbarski family until 1528, when Mazovia ...

, and Wyczółki, had been designated as the industrial area of the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec (

: ''Dzielnica Przemysłowo-Składowa „Służewiec”''), later known as

(''Industrial Służewiec'').Józef Kazimierski, Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Żanna Kormanowa, Halina Rostowska: ''Dzieje Mokotowa''. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 269. (in Polish) It was planned to construct 60 factories and industrial plants in the area, as well as residential buildings for 26 thousand people. The buildings were constructed in the large panel system technique, marking it as one of the first instances of such system being used in Poland. The designated area covered around 2.6 km² (1 sq mi). The construction begun in 1952. In the early 1970s, in the industrial area worked around 20 000 people. Among the corporations present in the area, the notable examples were: the Tewa Semiconductors Factory (

: ''Fabryka Półprzewodników „Tewa”''), Lifting Devices Factories (Polish: ''Zakłady Urządzeń Dźwigowych''), Elwa Radio Components Factory (Polish: ''Fabryka Podzespołów Radiowych „Elwa”''), Radio Ceramic Plants (Polish: ''Zakłady Ceramiki Radiowej''), and Służewiec Meat-Packing Factories (Polish: ''Zakłady Mięsne „Służewiec”''). In 1962 was opened the Warszawa Służewiec railway station, which is operated to the present day, by the

. It is located near Sasanki Street. 4 Kolady Street in Warsaw 2021

Between 1960 and 1965, in the southeast portion of Służewiec, were constructed the residential neighbourhood of Służewiec-Prototypy, consisting of apartment buildings.B. Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor), '' Encyklopedia Warszawy'', Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, 1994, p. 790, ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish) It was designed to be a place to test new architectural ideas, including testing the functionality of the large panel system-building technology. The construction process, and its observation, allowed to test, observe, and improve, various techniques and technologies, which would be used in the future projects. It was the first neighbourhood of such kind in Poland, and with an area of 122 000 m² (145911 yards), also the biggest in the country.B. Chyliński:
Osiedle Prototypów na Służewcu w Warszawie
'. In: ''Architektura'', issue 213–214, August–September 1965, Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie Architektów Polskich, 1965, p. 315–318. ISSN 0003-8814. It was designed to house between 17 and 20 000 people, mostly, the factory workers, of the nearby Służewiec industrial district. The neighbourhood was designed with the idea, that the factory workers should be able to get to their jobs on foot. The main architects of the project were Jerzy Skrzypczak, Urszula Ciborowska, Aleksander Łyczewski, and Zdzisław Łuszczyński, from Biuro Projektów Typowych, and Studia Budownictwa Miejskiego. The city transportation was designed by Bohun Zwoliński, and greenspaces, by Barbara Tucholska. On 4 July 1967, the neighbourhood had been assigned to the urbanistic region of

. Currently, it is part of the City Information System area Służew. On 4 October 1996, the district of Mokotów was subdivided into areas of the City Information System, with an area of Służewiec being one of them. Some historical parts of Służewiec had been included within the areas of

and Ksawerów.
Uchwała Nr 389/XXXVI/96 Rady Gminy Warszawa-Centrum w sprawie Miejskiego Systemu Informacyjnego w Gminie Warszawa-Centrum
', In: ''Express Wieczorny'', no. 268, 18 November 1996. Warsaw. (in Polish) On 28 June 2001 had been established the municipal neighbourhood of

(''South Służewiec''), governed by the

. It covers the area of southern Służewiec and south-eastern Służew. In the 1990s, the manufacturing industry ceased to be present in the area of Służewiec. As such, it had caused the appearance on the

real estate market Real estate business is the profession of buying, leasing, managing, or selling real estate (commercial, industrial, residential, or mixed-use premises)."Real estate": Oxford English Dictionary online: Retrieved September 18, 2011 Marketing and ...

of huge and developed estates, located near the city centre and the

Warsaw Chopin Airport Warsaw Chopin Airport (, ) is an international airport in the Włochy district of Warsaw, Poland. It is the busiest airport in Poland and the 28th busiest airport in Europe with 21.3 million passengers in 2024, handling approximately 40% of ...

. It then contributed to the development of the business industry in the area, eventually leading to the creation of the biggest complex of office buildings in Poland. One of the first new investigations in the area was the construction of

Curtis Plaza Curtis or Curtiss is a common English given name and surname of Anglo-Norman origin, deriving from the Old French ''curteis'' (Modern French">-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of Fren ...

office building in 1992, located at 18 Wołoska Street.Marta Leśniakowska: ''Architektura w Warszawie 1989−2001''. Warsaw: Arkada Pracownia Historii Sztuki, 2002, p. 206. ISBN 83-908950-5-6. (in Polish) From 1995 to 2001, the area was built the complex of office buildings known as Mokotów Business Park, located in the area of Domaniewska and Postępu Streets.Marta Leśniakowska: ''Architektura w Warszawie 1989−2001''. Warsaw: Arkada Pracownia Historii Sztuki, 2002, p. 70−74. ISBN 83-908950-5-6. (in Polish) In 2000, at the boundary of Służewiec had been opened

Westfield Mokotów Westfield Mokotów, previously known as Galeria Mokotów, is a shopping centre in Warsaw, Poland, in the district of Mokotów. It is located at the 12 Wołoska Street. The building was opened in 2000. It was originally owned by Globe Trade Centr ...

(originally known as ''Galeria Mokotów''), one of the biggest shopping centres in the city.Paweł Dunin-Wąsowicz. ''Mordor literacki w serpentynie głupstw''. In: ''Stolica'', p. 36, June 2019. (in Polish) By 2019, the area had been built 83 office buildings.Adam Roguski. ''Mordor na nowo: dla jednych nakłady, dla innych okazje''. In: ''Rzeczpospolita'', p. A20, 19–20 June 2019. (in Polish) They were mostly built without city oversight and contributed to the development of the office monoculture. In 2019, the area began losing its status of office centre, to the district of

Wola Wola () is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a major financial district, featuring various landmarks and some of the tallest offi ...

. As the area was originally developed as the industrial sector, the residential buildings were not built in the Służewiec. After the neighbourhood had transitioned from an industrial area to an office centre, beginning in the 1990s, and continuing in the early 21st century, residential apartment buildings began being built there, though in very small numbers in comparison to the office buildings. In the 2010s, the neighbourhood had a population of a few thousand people, while between 80 and 100 thousand people commuted to work there every day. By the 2010s, almost all of the historical industrial objects were deconstructed and replaced by new office and residential buildings. One of the last remaining objects in the neighbourhood, dating to its industrial era, is the Monument of the Builders of Służewiec Przemysłowy, a Socialist realism sculpture depicting a

, dedicated to people who worked on the construction of the industrial district in the 1950s. It is located in front of the office building of Park Rozwoju, at Suwak Street. Its author and history remain unknown. Until the 2010s, it was placed in the backyard of the magazines of the Warszawa Północ Industrial Construction Company (

: ''Przedsiębiorstwo Budownictwa Uprzemysłowionego „Warszawa Północ”''). In 2015, after the building was deconstructed, and replaced by the office building of Park Rozwoju, the developers decided to place the historical statue in front of the building.

Location, administrative boundaries and subdivisions

Służewiec is located in the city of

, within the south-western portion of the district of

, in the subregion of Upper Mokotów. It is a City Information System area. To the north, its border is determined by Woronicza Street, and in the straight line coming from Miś Roundabout to the western boundary; to the east, by Wołoska Street, and Obrzeżna Street; to the south, by Bokserska Street, and around the

car park A parking lot or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area intended for parking vehicles. The term usually refers to an area dedicated only for parking, with a durable or semi-durable surface. In most jurisdic ...

of the building at 66 Bokserska Street; and to the west by the railway line no. 8. It borders

Wyględów Wyględów is a Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, neighbourhood, and the City Information System of Warsaw, City Information System area, located in Warsaw, Poland, within the district of Mokotów. The oldest known records of localities in ...

to the north, Wierzbno to the north-east, Ksawerów, and

to the east, Wyczółki to the south, and

Okęcie Okęcie () is the largest neighbourhood of the Włochy district of Warsaw, Poland. It is the location of Warsaw Chopin Airport and the PZL Warszawa-Okęcie aircraft works, and home to the Okęcie Warszawa professional association football clu ...

to the west. Its southern and western boundaries form the border of the district of Mokotów, bordering districts of

Ursynów Ursynów () is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It has an area of 43.79 km2 (16.88 sq mi), and in 2023, it was inhabited by 149,775 people, making it the 5th most populous and 3rd largest district of the city. Located in its western ...

to the south, and

Włochy Włochy () is one of the districts of Warsaw, located in the south-western part of city. Włochy borders districts Bemowo and Wola from the north, Ochota and Mokotów from the east, and Ursus and Ursynów from the south. It is one of 3 neigh ...

to the west. The southern portion of Służewiec is part of the municipal neighbourhood of

(''South Służewiec''), governed by the

. The boundary of Służewiec Południowy with the rest of Służewiec, is determent by the Marynarska Street. Portion of Służewiec Południowy is located in the nearby area of

Citations

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sluzewiec Neighbourhoods of Mokotów Former villages in Poland Planned communities in Poland Financial districts Industrial parks in Poland Planned industrial developments Warehouse districts