Såningskvinnan (), popularly known as Johanna i Brunnsparken (), is a statue of a standing woman in

Gothenburg Gothenburg ( ; ) is the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, second-largest city in Sweden, after the capital Stockholm, and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated by the Kattegat on the west coast of Sweden, it is the gub ...

, Sweden, sculpted by

Per Hasselberg Per Hasselberg (1 January 1850 – 25 July 1894), until 1870 Karl Petter Åkesson, was a Swedish sculptor. He has received critical acclaim mainly for his delicate and allegorical nudes, copies of which are widely distributed in public places ...

in 1883. The original

gypsum Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate Hydrate, dihydrate, with the chemical formula . It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk ...

version of the statue remains at the Medicinal history museum of Gothenburg. ''Såningskvinnan'' is thought of as the second oldest statue in Gothenburg and its first female statue.Bengt A. Öhnander (2004): ''Statyer berättar: 76 konstverk i Göteborg.'' Göteborg: Tre böcker.

LIBRIS LIBRIS (Library Information System) is a Swedish national union catalogue maintained by the National Library of Sweden in Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populo ...

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.

History

Rittmeister Rittmaster () is usually a commissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent to Captain. Historically it has been used in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries. A is typically in charge of a s ...

'' Carl Krook in

Helsingborg Helsingborg (, , ), is a Urban areas in Sweden, city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania County, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, ninth ...

made a donation of 10 thousand

Swedish krona The krona (; plural: ''kronor''; sign: kr; code: SEK) is the currency of Sweden. Both the ISO code "SEK" and currency sign "kr" are in common use for the krona; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, espec ...

in 1878 to the city of Gothenburg for the purpose that Jonas Reinhold Kjellberg and Carl Kjellberg wanted. They wanted the money to go to build a

fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" ( genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. Fountains were o ...

at Brunnsparken. But as the money was not enough for the artefact they wanted to erect, John West Wilson and

Pontus Fürstenberg Pontus Fürstenberg (4 October 1827 – 10 April 1902) was a Swedish art collector and merchant from a Jewish family. He was married to Göthilda Magnus. Background Pontus Fürstenberg was born at Östra Hamngatan 26, in Gothenburg, Sweden. ...

offered to add the missing amount needed to erect a fountain in accordance to the model made by sculptor Per Hasselberg. The model had received a prize by the society Gnistan named in a contest. The sculpture is 7.5 metres tall, and consists of a basin, shell, column, and the statue proper. The basin is made of

granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...

, the other parts of

bronze Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloid ...

. A decorated shell rises out of the basin, with a general diameter of four metres. An octagonal column three metres tall rises out of the shell. Four

swan Swans are birds of the genus ''Cygnus'' within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe (biology) ...

s are positioned onto the column's base, and at the column's top are eight lion heads, which function as water emitters. On top of the column stands the statue proper at 1.75 metres tall, a sowing woman with "noble, fully featured forms and a mild, Nordic outfit, functioning as an authentic artistic creation". The statue is naked except for a cloth draped on her waist, partly flowing in the wind. The woman is sowing seeds from her right hand, which she is taking out of a basket with her left. Underneath her feet the water flows up, down and sideways, and the architecture brings the parts into a whole. The artefact cost about 40 thousand krona. The two

candelabra A candelabrum (plural candelabra but also used as the singular form) is a candle holder with multiple arms. "Candelabra" can be used to describe a variety of candle holders including chandeliers. However, candelabra can also be distinguished as b ...

e on the side were also made by Hasselberg. ''Såningskvinnan'' and the fountain basin were cast in

by ''Gruet Jeunes'' in Paris, France and placed in Brunnsparken, Gothenburg. The statue was unveiled on the

nameday In Christianity, a name day is a tradition in many countries of Europe and the Americas, as well as Christian communities elsewhere. It consists of celebrating a day of the year that is associated with one's baptismal name, which is normatively t ...

Johanna Johanna is a feminine name, a variant form of Joanna that originated in Latin in the Middle Ages, including an -h- by analogy with the Latin masculine name Johannes. The original Greek form ''Iōanna'' lacks a medial /h/ because in Greek Spiritus ...

on 21 July 1883, with Oscar Ekman and the

Göta Artillery Regiment The Göta Artillery Regiment (), designation A 2, was a Swedish Army artillery regiment that traced its origins back to the 17th century. It was disbanded in 1962. The regiment's soldiers were originally recruited from Götaland, and it was also g ...

present at the event. The statue is popularly called ''Johanna i Brunnsparken'', which probably comes from the day it was unveiled, alternatively from Johanna Ekstein, a dancer at the Stora Teatern, who is said to have served as the model for the sculptor Hasselberg. Carl Larsson depicted the statue in the painting ''Interiör från Fürstenbergska galleriet'' (Interior from the Fürstenberg gallery, 1887) The statue was taken down in autumn 2015. It was reinstated on 10 March 2016 after a total renovation of the fountain basin and the column. The statue had been cleaned, waxed and partly reconstructed.

Selected versions

* Original in gypsum 1883, at the Museum of medicinal history in Gothenburg.Torell, Ulf (2007). ''Per Hasselberg: den nakna sensualismens skulptör.'' Ronneby: Ronneby hembygdsförening.

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. * Cast in bronze 1882–1883 by Gruet Jeune, Paris ( Brunnsparken, Gothenburg – "Johanna"). * Cast in bronze 1919 at Otto Meyer's foundry ( Folk institute of Blekinge County in

Bräkne-Hoby Bräkne-Hoby is a locality situated in Ronneby Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 1,689 inhabitants in 2010. It has a middle school and used to have a högstadie (junior-high school). ''Bräkne-Hoby Parish'' is a parish in the Church of ...

). A gift to the institute by council member Lindvall, Havgården in Nättraby. * 143 statuettes of parian ware named ''Såerskan''Carenberg Carl-Olov, ed. (2005). ''Pariantillverkning vid Gustavsberg: 1861–1977.'' Motala. p. 44.

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/ref> by Gustavsberg porcelain.

Sources

*Carenberg Carl-Olov, ed. (2005). ''Pariantillverkning vid Gustavsberg: 1861–1977''. Motala. p. 44.

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*Cederblad, Albert (1884). ''Göteborg : skisserade skildringar af Sveriges andra stad i våra dagar jämte en återblick på dess minnen ...'' Göteborg: D. F. Bonnier. p. 27f.

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*Dahlbäck Lutteman Helena, ed. (1975). ''Gustavsberg 150 år: tställningskatalog'' Nationalmusei utställningskatalog, 0585-3222 ; 389. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum. p. 23.

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*Annika Gunnarsson, ed. (2010). ''Per Hasselberg.''

Waldemarsudde Prince Eugene's Waldemarsudde () is a museum located on Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden. It was formerly the home of Prince Eugen (1865-1947), a Swedish prince, painter and art collector. The museum houses Prince Eugen's extensive art col ...

exhibition catalogue 0282-0323 ; 95:10. Malmö: Arena/Åmells Artbooks. p. 20, 40, 64, 103–104, 114, 124.

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*Torell, Ulf (2007). ''Per Hasselberg: den nakna sensualismens skulptör.'' Ronneby: Ronneby hembygdsförening. p. 47-59, 60–76, 107, 108, 303, 334.

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*Öhnander, Bengt A (2004). ''Statyer berättar: 6 konstverk i Göteborg'' Göteborg: Tre böcker. p. 24-26.

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References

External links

* {{coord, 57, 42, 24.33, N, 11, 58, 6.87, E, region:SE, display=title 19th century in Gothenburg Bronze sculptures in Sweden 1883 sculptures Fountains in Sweden Sculptures of women in Sweden Outdoor sculptures in Gothenburg