''Syngnathus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Syngnathidae The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons ('' Phycodurus'' and '' Phyllopteryx''). The name is derived from grc, σύν (), meaning "together", and (), meaning "jaw". The fused jaw is one of the ...

found in marine,

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuari ...

and sometimes

fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does incl ...

s of the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

, Indian and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ...

Fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s of these

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

are found from the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but ...

to the

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the '' Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed ...

. They are known from various localities of

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wit ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...

and

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...

.Paleobiology Database: Fossilworks: ''Syngnathus'' Linnaeus, 1758.
/ref>

Species

There are currently 36 recognized species in this genus: * '' Syngnathus abaster'' A. Risso, 1827 (Black-striped pipefish) * '' Syngnathus acus''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological ...

(Greater pipefish) * '' Syngnathus affinis''

Eichwald Eichwald may refer to: * Eichwald (surname) * Eichwald porcelain * part of the city of Kassel, Germany * part of the village of Schönborn, Germany See also * Chalampé, Alsace, France (German: Eichwald) * Dubí, Czech Republic (formerly Eichwa ...

, 1831 * '' Syngnathus auliscus'' (

Swain Swain, Swains or Swain's may refer to: Places * Swain Islands, Antarctica * Swain's Island (Newfoundland and Labrador), Canada * Swains Island, an atoll in the Tokelau chain, American Samoa * Swain County, North Carolina Swain County is a co ...

, 1882) (Barred pipefish) * '' Syngnathus californiensis'' D. H. Storer, 1845 (Kelp pipefish) * '' Syngnathus caribbaeus'' C. E. Dawson, 1979 (Caribbean pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus carinatus ''Syngnathus carinatus'' is a species of pipefish endemic of the northern part of the Gulf of California. It is a marine subtropical demersal fish, which grows up to in length. References carinatus Collatus is a genus of very small and ...

'' ( C. H. Gilbert, 1892) * '' Syngnathus caspius''

, 1831 * ''

Syngnathus chihiroe ''Syngnathus chihiroe'' is a species of pipefish which was described in 2017 following the collection of a single specimen in the East China Sea The East China Sea is an arm of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from Ea ...

'' Matsunuma, 2017 Matsunuma, M. (2017): ''Syngnathus chihiroe'', a new species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) from southern Japan. ''Zootaxa, 4232 (3): 385-396.'' * ''

Syngnathus dawsoni ''Syngnathus dawsoni'' is a species of the pipefishes. It occurs in the central, western Atlantic in the Caribbean Sea from Puerto Rico to St. Lucia and has been recorded only from the east of the Mona Passage. It is a marine tropical demers ...

'' (

Herald A herald, or a herald of arms, is an officer of arms, ranking between pursuivant and king of arms. The title is commonly applied more broadly to all officers of arms. Heralds were originally messengers sent by monarchs or noblemen ...

, 1969) * ''

Syngnathus euchrous The Chocolate pipefish (''Syngnathus euchrous'') is a species of the pipefishes. Widespread in the Eastern Pacific from Redondo Beach in southern California, United States, to central Baja California, Mexico. Marine subtropical demersal fish ...

'' Fritzsche, 1980 (Chocolate pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus exilis Barcheek pipefish, ''Syngnathus exilis'', is a species of the pipefishes. Widespread in the Eastern Pacific from the Half Moon Bay in central California, United States, to south central Baja California and Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Marine subt ...

'' ( R. C. Osburn & Nichols, 1916) (Bar-cheek pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus floridae The dusky pipefish (''Syngnathus floridae'') is a species of the pipefishes, widespread in the western Atlantic from the Bermuda, Chesapeake Bay (United States), northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, Bahama, and the western Caribbean Sea to ...

'' ( D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882) (Dusky pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus folletti The southern pipefish (''Syngnathus folletti'') is a pipefish species that inhabits the Southwest Atlantic near Uruguay. It is a marine subtropical demersal fish. This species has been recorded among beds of '' Ruppia maritima'' in the Lagoa dos ...

, 1942 * '' Syngnathus fuscus'' D. H. Storer, 1839 (Northern pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus insulae Guadalupe pipefish (''Syngnathus insulae'') is a pipefish species, inhabits the Eastern Central Pacific, endemic to Guadalupe Island in Mexico. Marine subtropical demersal fish Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or ...

'' Fritzsche, 1980 * ''

Syngnathus leptorhynchus ''Syngnathus'' is a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae found in marine, brackish and sometimes fresh waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Fossils of these species are found from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene. They are known ...

'' Girard, 1854 (Bay pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus louisianae ''Syngnathus'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Syngnathidae found in sea water, marine, brackish water, brackish and sometimes fresh waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Fossils of the ...

'' Günther, 1870 (Chain pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus macrobrachium ''Syngnathus macrobrachium'' (large-fin pipefish) is a species of pipefishes, which is common in the southern-eastern Pacific in the coastal waters from Tumbes (Peru) to Puerto Montt (Chile). It is a marine subtropical demersal fish, up to le ...

'' Fritzsche, 1980 * ''

Syngnathus macrophthalmus ''Syngnathus macrophthalmus'' is a pipefish species, found only around Suez and Hurghada (Al Ghardaqah) in the northwestern Red Sea. It is a marine tropical demersal fish, up to total length. References macrophthalmus ''Macrophthalmu ...

'' Duncker, 1915 * '' Syngnathus makaxi''

& C. E. Dawson, 1972 (Yucatán pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus pelagicus The sargassum pipefish (''Syngnathus pelagicus'') is a species of pipefish found in the western Atlantic: Maine (United States), Bermuda, northern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina, Nova Scotia, Antilles, and western Caribbean Sea from Yucatan to Col ...

(Sargassum pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus phlegon ''Syngnathus'' is a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae found in marine, brackish and sometimes fresh waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Fossils of these species are found from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene. They are know ...

'' A. Risso, 1827 * ''

Syngnathus rostellatus The lesser pipefish or Nilsson's pipefish (''Syngnathus rostellatus'') is a pipefish similar to the greater pipefish, but with no crest above the head. Usually it reaches up to in length, maximally , although in South Wales they are usually not ...

'' Nilsson, 1855 (Nilsson's pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus safina ''Syngnathus safina'' is a pipefish species which inhabits the western part of the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Aqaba. It is a marine oceanic demersal fish. References safina Safina ( in Swahili) is a political party in Kenya, founded ...

Paulus Paulus is the original Latin form of the English name Paul. It may refer to: Ancient Roman * Paul (jurist) or Julius Paulus (fl. 222–235 AD), Roman jurist * Paulus (consul 496), politician of the Eastern Roman Empire * Paulus (consul 512), R ...

, 1992 * ''

Syngnathus schlegeli The Pacific seaweed pipefish (''Syngnathus schlegeli'') is a species of pipefish, found in the north-western Pacific Ocean, near Vladivostok ( Russia), southern to Gulf of Tonkin. It is a marine, oceanic demersal fish, up to length. It is c ...

'' Kaup, 1856 (Seaweed pipefish) * '' Syngnathus schmidti'' A. M. Popov, 1928 * '' Syngnathus scovelli'' ( Evermann & Kendall, 1896) (Gulf pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus springeri The bull pipefish (''Syngnathus springeri'') is a pipefish species of the western Atlantic, from southern Canada to Panama. It is a marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: ...

, 1942 (Bull pipefish) * '' Syngnathus taenionotus'' Canestrini, 1871 * '' Syngnathus temminckii'' Kaup, 1856 (Long-snout pipefish) Mwale, M., Kaiser, H., Barker, N.P., Wilson, A.B. & Teske, P.R. (2013)
Identification of a uniquely southern African clade of coastal pipefishes ''Syngnathus'' spp.
''Journal of Fish Biology, 82 (6): 2045–2062.'' * ''

Syngnathus tenuirostris Narrow-snouted pipefish (''Syngnathus tenuirostris'') is a pipefish species which inhabits the Mediterranean basin: Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, and Black Sea. It is a marine demersal fish with an ovoviviparous Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ov ...

'' Rathke, 1836 (Narrow-snouted pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus typhle The broadnosed pipefish or deepnosed pipefish (''Syngnathus typhle'') is a fish of the family Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefishes). It is native to the Eastern Atlantic from Vardø in Norway, Baltic Sea (north to the Gulf of Finland) and the B ...

(Broad-nosed pipefish) * ''

Syngnathus variegatus Thickly snouted pipefish (''Syngnathus variegatus'') is a pipefish species which inhabits the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. It is a marine, demersal The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the ...

'' Pallas, 1814 * '' Syngnathus watermeyeri'' J. L. B. Smith, 1963 (Estuarine pipefish)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q606703 Freshwater fish genera Marine fish genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Extant Oligocene first appearances