Sygnały Magazine
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''Sygnały'' Magazyn (''Signals'' Magazine) was a Polish cultural and social
magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...
published 1933–1939 in Lwów (Lemberg, today
Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...
, Ukraine). It was a leading periodical of the
leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social hierarchies. Left-wing politi ...
Polish
intelligentsia The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the i ...
. The journal started as a 12-page monthly and was subsequently published once every two weeks, with editions of up to 32 pages. Sygnały was published in the tabloid format, similar to the ''New York Times'' at about 56x40 cm (22x16 inches).


Editors

Its editor-in-chief was Karol Kuryluk, and the editorial committee included Tadeusz Banaś, Stanisława Blumenfeld, Halina Górska, Tadeusz Hollender, Anna Kowalska, Andrzej Kurczkowski and Marian Prominski.


Polish contributors

Among the literary contributors from Poland figured Erwin Axer, Maria Dąbrowska, Jan Kasprowicz,
Stanisław Jerzy Lec Stanisław Jerzy Lec (; 6 March 1909 – 7 May 1966), born Baron Stanisław Jerzy de Tusch-Letz, was a Polish aphorist and poet. Often mentioned among the greatest writers of post-war Poland, he was one of the most influential aphorists of the ...
,
Bruno Schulz Bruno Schulz (12 July 1892 – 19 November 1942) was a History of the Jews in Poland, Polish Jewish writer, fine artist, Literary criticism, literary critic and Art education, art teacher. He is regarded as one of the great Polish (language), Po ...
, Leopold Staff,
Andrzej Strug Andrzej Strug, real name Tadeusz (or Stefan) Gałecki (sources vary; 28 November 1871/1873 – 9 December 1937) was a Polish socialist politician, publicist and activist for Poland's independence. He was also a freemason and declined the ...
,
Julian Tuwim Julian Tuwim (13 September 1894 – 27 December 1953), known also under the pseudonym Oldlen as a lyricist, was a Jewish-Polish poet, born in Łódź, then part of the Russian Partition. He was educated in Łódź and in Warsaw where he studied ...
, Debora Vogel and
Józef Wittlin Józef Wittlin (1896–1976) was a Polish novelist, and, later, American, poet and translator. Life After graduating from a classical gimnazjum in Lwów, Wittlin joined the volunteer military formation of the Polish Legion in August 1914. His ...
.


International contributors

International literary contributors included
Henri Barbusse Henri Barbusse (; 17 May 1873 – 30 August 1935) was a French novelist, short story writer, journalist, poet and political activist. He began his literary career in the 1890s as a Symbolist poet and continued as a neo-Naturalist novelist; i ...
,
André Malraux Georges André Malraux ( ; ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (''Man's Fate'') (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed ...
,
Carl von Ossietzky Carl von Ossietzky (; 3 October 1889 – 4 May 1938) was a German journalist and Pacifism, pacifist. He was the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in exposing the clandestine German rearmament. As editor-in-chief of the magazin ...
,
Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual. He had influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, and various areas of analytic ...
,
Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American author, muckraker journalist, and political activist, and the 1934 California gubernatorial election, 1934 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
and
Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, m ...
.


Artists

The magazine featured reproductions of art work by
Alexander Archipenko Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian-American avant-garde artist, sculpture, sculptor, and graphic designer, graphic artist, active in France and the United States. He was one of the first to apply the principles o ...
, Jan Cybis,
Xawery Dunikowski Xawery Dunikowski (; 24 December 1875 – 26 January 1964) was a Polish sculptor and artist, notable for surviving Auschwitz concentration camp, and best known for his Neo-Romantic sculptures and Auschwitz-inspired art. Biography Dunikowski wa ...
,
Max Ernst Max Ernst (; 2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic trai ...
, Henryk Gotlib, Bronisław Linke,
Maria Jarema Maria Jarema (24 November 1908 – 1 November 1958) was a Polish painter, sculptor, scenographer and actress. Life and career She was born on 24 November 1908 in Staryi Sambir (Polish: ) in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (currently Ukrai ...
,
Bruno Schulz Bruno Schulz (12 July 1892 – 19 November 1942) was a History of the Jews in Poland, Polish Jewish writer, fine artist, Literary criticism, literary critic and Art education, art teacher. He is regarded as one of the great Polish (language), Po ...
, Henryk Streng and Zygmunt Waliszewski; avant-garde photographs and photomontages by Otto Hahn
Jerzy Janisch
Margit Sielska and Mieczysław Szczuka; and caricatures by K. Baraniecki, F. Kleinmann,
Eryk Lipiński Eryk Lipiński (; 12 July 1908 – 27 September 1991) was a Polish artist. Satirist, caricaturist, essayist, he has designed posters, written plays and sketches for cabarets, as well as written books on related subjects. Biography Eryk Lipiń ...
and Franciszek Parecki.


History

Special issues were dedicated to Jewish, Ukrainian and Belarusian culture. In 1938 an armed ONR (National Radical Camp) gang raided the editorial office and Karol Kuryluk barely escaped alive. In spite of financial hardship and heavy censorship, he published ''Signals'' through August 1939. In September 1939, after the Soviet annexation of Lwów, Kuryluk deposited his ''Signals'' archive at the Ossolineum Library (now Stefanyk Library) where it has survived until now.


Picture gallery

Image:ApollinaireSignals.jpg, Drawing of Guillaume Apollinaire in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:AMalrauxSignals.jpg, Photograph of André Malraux in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:CarlvonOssietzkySignals.jpg, Photograph of the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Carl von Ossietzky in Signals Magazine, 1936. Image:BertrandRussellPieknoMatematykiSignals.jpg, Bertrand Russell, ''The Beauty of Mathematics,'' in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:Mikhail RudnickijPoemToVerlaineOwiSignals.jpg, Poem ''“To Verlaine”'' by Ukrainian poet Mikhail Rudnickij, in the special Ukrainian issue of Signals Magazine, IV-V, 1934. Image:ChildrenPalesineSignals.jpg, Photograph of Jewish children in Palestine, in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:YouthPalestineSignals.jpg, Photograph of youth from Germany in Palestine, in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:MJaremaSignals.jpg, Maria Jarema, ''Composition'' (plaster), in Signals Magazine (1933–1939). Image:OttoHahnFotomontage1933.jpg, Otto Hahn, Photomontage (1933), illustrating the article “Genealogy of Photomontage” by Debora Vogel in Signals Magazine, XII, 1934. Image:MSzczukadied1927Signals1937.jpg, Mieczysław Szczuka, Photomontage, published on the 10th anniversary of his death in Signals Magazine, 1937. Image:Sygnaly1956withWBroniewski.jpg, Władysław Broniewski and Karol Kuryluk, Signals Magazine II, 1956.


Sources

* Encyklopedia Gazety Wyborczej, 2005 * Ewa Pankiewicz, ''Karol Kuryluk. Biografia polityczna 1910–1967,'' doctoral dissertation, Warsaw University. * ''Prasa Polska w latach 1939–1945,'' Warsaw, 1980. * ''Książka dla Karola'' (a collections of memoirs and essays on Karol Kuryluk, and his letters), ed. K. Koźniewski, Warsaw, 1984. * Halina Górska, ''Chłopcy z ulic miasta,'' with an introduction by Karol Kuryluk, Warsaw, 1956. * ''Letters and Drawings of Bruno Schulz,'' edited by J. Ficowski, New York, 1988. * Ewa Kuryluk, ''Ludzie z powietrza—Air People,'' Cracow, 2002 * Ewa Kuryluk,
Goldi
'' Warsaw, 2004 * Ewa Kuryluk, ''Cockroaches and Crocodiles,'' The Moment Magazine, July/August 2008 * Ewa Kuryluk, ''Frascati,'' Cracow, 200
www.kuryluk.art.pl
* Source materials about Karol Kuryluk in Polish, published in Zeszytyhistoryczne, in Acrobat PDF format: http://www.marekhlasko.republika.pl/03_artykuly/Kuryluk.pdf {{DEFAULTSORT:Sygnaly 1933 establishments in the Soviet Union 1939 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Biweekly magazines Cultural magazines Magazines published in the Soviet Union Defunct literary magazines published in Europe Eastern Bloc mass media Magazines established in 1933 Magazines disestablished in 1939 Mass media in Lviv Monthly magazines published in Russia Polish-language magazines