Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG 17 or Global Goal 17) is about "partnerships for the goals." One of the 17

Sustainable Development Goals The ''2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development'', adopted by all United Nations (UN) members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of these global goals is "peace and prosperity for people and the planet" – wh ...

established by the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

in 2015, the official wording is: "Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development". SDG 17 refers to the need for the nonhegemonic and fair cross sector and cross country collaborations in pursuit of all the goals by the year 2030. It is a call for countries to align policies. SDG 17 is a vision for improved and more equitable trade, as well as coordinated investment initiatives to promote

sustainable development Sustainable development is an approach to growth and Human development (economics), human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.United Nations General ...

across borders. It is about strengthening and streamlining cooperation between nation-states, both developed and developing, using the SDGs as a shared framework and a shared vision for defining that collaborative way forward. It seeks to promote

international trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services. (See: World economy.) In most countries, such trade represents a significan ...

and an equitable trading system. The Goal has 17 targets to be achieved by 2030, broken down into five categories:

finance Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and Academic discipline, discipline of money, currency, assets and Liability (financial accounting), liabilities. As a subject of study, is a field of Business administration, Business Admin ...

technology Technology is the application of Conceptual model, conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word ''technology'' can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible too ...

capacity building Capacity building (or capacity development, capacity strengthening) is the improvement in an individual's or organization's facility (or capability) "to produce, perform or deploy". The terms capacity building and capacity development have often ...

trade Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. Traders generally negotiate through a medium of cr ...

and systemic issues. Progress towards targets will be measured by 25 indicators. All these targets are regarded as ''means of implementation targets''.'' Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License'' With US$5 trillion to $7 trillion in annual investment required to achieve the SDGs, total official

development assistance Development aid (or development cooperation) is a type of aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries. It is distinguished from humanitarian aid ...

reached US$147.2 billion in 2017. This, although steady, is below the set target. In 2016, six countries met the international target to keep official development assistance at or above 0.7 percent of

gross national income The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from ...

. In 2017, international remittances amounted US$613 billion, with 76 percent invested in developing countries. The

bond market The bond market (also debt market or credit market) is a financial market in which participants can issue new debt, known as the primary market, or buy and sell debt security (finance), securities, known as the secondary market. This is usually in ...

for sustainable business is also growing. In 2018 global green bonds reached US$155.5billion, up to 78 percent from 2017. Humanitarian crises brought on by conflict or

natural disasters A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community brought by natural phenomenon or Hazard#Natural hazard, hazard. Some examples of natural hazards include avalanches, droughts, earthquakes, floods, heat waves, landslides ...

have continued to demand more financial resources and

aid In international relations, aid (also known as international aid, overseas aid, foreign aid, economic aid or foreign assistance) is – from the perspective of governments – a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. Th ...

. Even so, many countries also require official development assistance to encourage growth and trade. The global progress map for SDG 17 shows that significant and major challenges remain in the majority of the world. Many regions of strong economic status perform very poorly, like the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and much of

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

Background

The

are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations to be implemented by the year 2030. A successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the

private sector The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government. Employment The private sector employs most of the workfo ...

and

civil society Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. Sustainable Goal 17 targets long-term investments to empower sectors and companies in need, more adaptable in developmental countries. Its main aim reaches improving the following aspects of a country that include: energy, infrastructure, transportation systems, IT infrastructure to different communications technologies channels. The framework of development covers evaluating and following up with rules and regulations, the sector's structure to attract more investment projects to the country and thus improving its economical standards. Total-government-revenue-of-gdp 2017

Targets, indicators and progress

SDG 17 has 19 targets and 25 indicators. Below is the list of all the targets with a short version and a long version of the titles.Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina
"Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 17)
''SDG-Tracker.org, website'' (2018) Text was copied from this source, which is available under
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
/ref> No data is available yet for the following indicators: 17.5.1, 17.6.1, 17.7.1, 17.13.1, 17.14.1, 17.17.1. For all the other indicators, data and world maps are available to visualize progress.

Target 17.1: Mobilize resources to improve domestic revenue collection

Proportion-of-domestic-budget-funded-by-domestic-taxes-of-gdp

Target 17.1 is formulated as: "Mobilize resources to improve domestic revenue collection: Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection." This target has two Indicators: * Indicator 17.1.1: Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source * Indicator 17.1.2: Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes

Target 17.2: Implement all development assistance commitments

Target 17.2 is formulated as: "Implement all development assistance commitments: Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (oda/gni) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of oda/gni to least developed countries; oda providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of oda/gni to least developed countries." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.2.1 is the "Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, wor ...

(OECD)

Development Assistance Committee The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is a forum to discuss issues surrounding aid, development and poverty reduction in developing countries. It describes itself as being the ...

donors' gross national income (GNI)".

Target 17.3: Mobilize financial resources for developing countries

Target 17.3 is formulated as: "Mobilize financial resources for

developing countries A developing country is a sovereign state with a less-developed Secondary sector of the economy, industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to developed countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. ...

: Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources." This target has two Indicators: * Indicator 17.3.1: Foreign direct investment, official development assistance and South-South cooperation as a proportion of

* Indicator 17.3.2: Volume of remittances (in

United States dollar The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...

s) as a proportion of total

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performance o ...

Some of the implications of

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...

are related to the fall of remittances from $554 to billions by 2019 to US$445 billion on 2020, This situation will affect low and middle income countries as well as poor households.

Target 17.4: Assist developing countries in attaining debt sustainability

Debt Service of Exports of Goods and Services

Target 17.4 is formulated as: "Assist developing countries in attaining debt sustainability: Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and

debt restructuring Debt restructuring is a process that allows a private or public company or a sovereign entity facing cash flow problems and financial distress to reduce and renegotiate its delinquent debts to improve or restore liquidity so that it can continu ...

, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.4.1 is the "Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services".

Target 17.5: Invest in least-developed countries

Target 17.5 is formulated as: "Invest in

least developed countries The least developed countries (LDCs) are developing countries listed by the United Nations that exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed b ...

: Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.5.1 is the "Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for developing countries, including the least developed countries". "Global foreign direct investment is expected to decline by up to 40% in 2020."

Target 17.6: Knowledge sharing and cooperation for access to science, technology and innovation

Target 17.6 is formulated as: "Knowledge sharing and cooperation for access to science, technology and innovation: Enhance north-south, south-south and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the united nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.6.1 is the "Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed". (this indicator used to be Number 17.6.2) In 2020 it was proposed to delete the former Indicator 17.6.1 (Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation).

Target 17.7: Promote sustainable technologies to developing countries

Target 17.7 is formulated as: "Promote sustainable technologies to developing countries: Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favorable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed. This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.7.1 is the "Total amount of funding for developing countries to "promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies" Share of individuals using the internet

Target 17.8: Strengthen the science, technology and innovation capacity for least-developed countries

Target 17.8 is formulated as: "Strengthen the science, technology and innovation capacity for least developed countries: Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation

capacity-building Capacity building (or capacity development, capacity strengthening) is the improvement in an individual's or organization's facility (or capability) "to produce, perform or deploy". The terms capacity building and capacity development have often ...

mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.8.1 is the "Proportion of individuals using the Internet". Despite the increase of the global share related to internet access the digital divide persist.

Target 17.9: Enhanced SDG capacity in developing countries

Target 17.9 is formulated as: "Enhance SDG capacity in developing countries: Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the

sustainable development goals The ''2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development'', adopted by all United Nations (UN) members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of these global goals is "peace and prosperity for people and the planet" – wh ...

, including through north-south, south-south and triangular cooperation." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.9.1 is the "Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through north–south, South‑South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries".

Target 17.10: Promote a universal trading system under the WTO

Tariff-rate-applied-weighted-mean-all-products

Target 17.10 is formulated as: "Promote a universal trading system under the

WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that g ...

: Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the world trade organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha development agenda." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.10.1 is the "Worldwide weighted tariff-average".

Target 17.11: Increase the exports of developing countries

Target 17.11 is formulated as: "Increase the

export An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is a ...

s of developing countries: Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries' share of global exports by 2020." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.11.1 is the "Developing countries' and least developed countries' share of global exports".

Target 17.12: Remove trade barriers for least-developed countries

Target 17.12 is formulated as: "Remove

trade barrier Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade. According to the comparative advantage, theory of comparative advantage, trade barriers are detrimental to the world economy and decrease overall economic efficiency. Most ...

s for least developed countries: Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with world trade organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.12.1 is the "Weighted average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States".

Target 17.13: Enhance global macroeconomic stability

Target 17.13 is formulated as: "Enhance global

macroeconomic Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies. Macroeconomists study topics such as output/ GDP ...

stability: Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.13.1 is the "Macroeconomic Dashboard".

Target 17.14: Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development

Target 17.14 is formulated as: "Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.14.1 is the "Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development". A study from 2022 said that the approach to policy coherence for sustainable development in the SDGs followed a technical design logic that some argue is ineffective. It may even lead to the reproduction of incoherent policies. Institutional mechanisms can help connect different sectors, or "bridging institutional siloes". However, relying on them too much may overlook how sustainable development is actually shaped and improved.

Target 17.15: Respect national leadership to implement policies for the sustainable development goals

Use-of-crf-tools-by-providers-of-dev-cooperation

Target 17.15 is formulated as: "Respect national leadership to implement policies for the sustainable development goals: Respect each country's policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and

." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.15.1 is the "Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation".

Target 17.16: Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development

Target 17.16 is formulated as: "Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.16.1 is the "Number of countries reporting progress in multi-stakeholder development effectiveness monitoring frameworks that "support the achievement of the sustainable development goals".

Target 17.17: Encourage effective partnerships

Target 17.17 is formulated as: "Encourage effective partnerships: Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships." This target has one Indicator: Indicator 17.17.1 is the "Amount in

s committed to public-private partnerships for infrastructure.

Target 17.18: Enhance availability of reliable data

Target 17.18 is formulated as: "Enhance availability of reliable data: By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and

small island developing states The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are a grouping of developing country, developing countries which are small island country, island countries and small states that tend to share similar sustainable development challenges. These include s ...

, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race,

ethnicity An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they Collective consciousness, collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, ...

, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts." This target has three indicators: * Indicator 17.18.1: Statistical capacity indicator for Sustainable Development Goal monitoring * Indicator 17.18.2: Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics * Indicator 17.18.3: Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding By 2017 only the half of the funding required for data and statistics ($690 million) was mobilized.

Target 17.19: Further develop measurements of progress

Target 17.19 is formulated as: "Further develop measurements of progress: By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performanc ...

, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries." This target has two indicators: * Indicator 17.19.1: Dollar value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries * Indicator 17.19.2: Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration

Custodian agencies

Custodian agencies are in charge of reporting on the following indicators: * Indicator 17.1.1 and 17.1.2:

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of las ...

(IMF) * Indicator 17.2.1 and 17.9.1:

(OECD) * Indicator 17.3.1:

(OECD) and

UN Conference on Trade and Development UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the United Nations General Assemb ...

(UNCTAD) * Indicator 17.3.2, 17.4.1 and 17.17.1:

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development ...

(WB) * Indicator 17.5.1:

(UNCTAD) * Indicator 17.6.1:

UNESCO Institute for Statistics The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is the statistical office of UNESCO and is the UN depository for cross-nationally comparable statistics on education, science and technology, culture, and communication. The UIS was established in 1999. ...

(UNESCO-UIS) * Indicator 17.6.2:

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)In the other common languages of the ITU: * * is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information ...

(ITU) * Indicator 17.7.1: United Nations Environmental Programme-Climate Technology Centre and Network (UNEP-CTCN) * Indicator for 17.8.1:

(ITU) * Indicator 17.10.1, 17.11.1, 17.12.1 and 17.13.1:

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that g ...

(WTO),

International Trade Centre The International Trade Centre (ITC) () is a multilateral agency which has a joint mandate with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The headqua ...

(ITC) and

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the United Nations General Assembl ...

(UNCTAD) * Indicator 17.14.1: United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) * Indicator 17.15.1 and 17.16.1: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (

OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, wor ...

) and

United Nations Development Programme The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development. The UNDP emphasizes on developing local capacity towar ...

(UNDP) * Indicator 17.18.1 and 17.19.2: Department of Economic and Social Affairs- Statistics Division (DESA-UNSD) * Indicator 17.18.2 and 17.18.3: PARIS 21 * Indicator 17.19.1: PARIS 23

Monitoring and progress

High-level progress reports for all the

SDGs The ''2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development'', adopted by all United Nations (UN) members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of these global goals is "peace and prosperity for people and the planet" – wh ...

are published in the form of reports by the

United Nations Secretary General The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secr ...

. The most recent one is from April 2020.United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020
Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General
High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020

Challenges

Challenges include the absence of data, trade tensions and

. In particular, a drastic resurgence in geopolitical tensions and nationalism threatens to undermine cooperation on the SDGs.

Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic

The UN Secretary-General gave a development of strategy that spread out a dream for how the global network can show a powerful, organized reaction to the

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...

. The 2020 Financing for Economical Advancement Report traces measures to address the effect of the unpacked worldwide back down and financial crisis, particularly within the world's poorest nations. To support the poor communities they also started a UN Reaction and Trust Fund. Instead, remittances to low income countries are expected to fall and global investment is expected to decline by 40% owing to the pandemic.

Criticism

Partnerships with private finance

There are concerns that Target 17.17 could undermine the rest of the SDGs. Indeed, according to a 2018 UN Report,Extreme poverty and human rights*, Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip Alston, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 35/19
NYC, 26 September 2019 "in terms of costs, private finance is more expensive than public finance, and public-private partnerships can also incur high design, management and transactional costs due to their complexity and the need for external advice". In addition, negotiations of these public-private partnerships can cause project delays of some years.European Court of Auditors, Public-Private Partnerships in the EU, p. 9

Organizations

The following United Nations organizations are involved in SDG 17, being custodians of one or several indicators: *

(IMF) *

(OECD) *

(UNCTAD) *

(WB) *

(UNTAD) *

(UNESCO-UIS) *

(ITU) * United Nations Environmental Programme-Climate Technology Centre and Network (UNEP-CTCN) *

(WTO) *

(ITC) *

(UNCTAD) * United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) *

(UNDP) * Department of Economic and Social Affairs- Statistics Division (DESA-UNSD) * PARIS 21

References

External links

UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform – SDG 17

"Global Goals" Campaign - SDG 17

SDG-Track.org - SDG 17

UN SDG 17 in the US
{{Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable Development Goals 2015 establishments in New York City Projects established in 2015