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Surface force denoted ''fs'' is the
force In physics, a force is an influence that can cause an Physical object, object to change its velocity unless counterbalanced by other forces. In mechanics, force makes ideas like 'pushing' or 'pulling' mathematically precise. Because the Magnitu ...
that acts across an internal or external surface element in a material body.
Normal force In mechanics, the normal force F_n is the component of a contact force that is perpendicular to the surface that an object contacts. In this instance '' normal'' is used in the geometric sense and means perpendicular, as opposed to the meanin ...
s and
shear force In solid mechanics, shearing forces are unaligned forces acting on one part of a Rigid body, body in a specific direction, and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are Collinearity, collinear (aligned with each ot ...
s between objects are types of surface force. All cohesive forces and
contact force A contact force is any force that occurs because of two objects making contact with each other. Contact forces are very common and are responsible for most visible interactions between macroscopic The macroscopic scale is the length scale on ...
s between objects are considered as surface forces. Surface force can be decomposed into two perpendicular components:
normal force In mechanics, the normal force F_n is the component of a contact force that is perpendicular to the surface that an object contacts. In this instance '' normal'' is used in the geometric sense and means perpendicular, as opposed to the meanin ...
s and
shear force In solid mechanics, shearing forces are unaligned forces acting on one part of a Rigid body, body in a specific direction, and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are Collinearity, collinear (aligned with each ot ...
s. A normal force acts normally over an area and a shear force acts
tangent In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is, intuitively, the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the line through a pair of infinitely close points o ...
ially over an area.


Equations for surface force


Surface force due to pressure

: f_s=p \cdot A \ , where ''f'' = force, ''p'' = pressure, and ''A'' = area on which a uniform pressure acts


Examples


Pressure related surface force

Since pressure is \frac=\mathrm , and area is a (length)\cdot(width) = \mathrm= \mathrm , :a pressure of 5\ \mathrm = 5\ \mathrm over an area of 20\ \mathrm will produce a surface force of (5\ \mathrm) \cdot (20\ \mathrm) = 100\ \mathrm .


See also

*
Body force In physics, a body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body.Springer site - Book 'Solid mechanics'preview paragraph 'Body forces'./ref> Forces due to gravity, electric fields and magnetic fields are examples of body forces. Bod ...
*
Contact force A contact force is any force that occurs because of two objects making contact with each other. Contact forces are very common and are responsible for most visible interactions between macroscopic The macroscopic scale is the length scale on ...


References

Classical mechanics Fluid dynamics Force {{fluiddynamics-stub