Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh
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Sultanpur is a city situated in the Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh ( ; UP) is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. With over 241 million inhabitants, it is the List of states and union territories of India by population, most populated state in In ...
on the banks of the Gomti, which Hindus consider a
holy river Sacred waters are sacred natural sites characterized by tangible topographical land formations such as rivers, lakes, springs, reservoirs, and oceans, as opposed to holy water which is water elevated with the sacramental blessing of a cleri ...
. The city is the administrative headquarters of Sultanpur district and is a part of
Ayodhya division Ayodhya division (formerly Faizabad division) is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Ayodhya city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The government ...
in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated 135 kilometers east of state capital
Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...
.


History

According to legend, In the Sultanpur area beside the Gomti river it is said that Kush the son of Ram was born with badh(बाध) so it was the birthplace of Kusa, the son of
Rama Rama (; , , ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (''maryāda' ...
. This was identified with the Kusapura mentioned by
Xuanzang Xuanzang (; ; 6 April 6025 February 664), born Chen Hui or Chen Yi (), also known by his Sanskrit Dharma name Mokṣadeva, was a 7th-century Chinese Bhikkhu, Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making ...
, who said that
Gautama Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha (),* * * was a śramaṇa, wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist lege ...
taught here for six months and that it had a
stupa In Buddhism, a stupa (, ) is a domed hemispherical structure containing several types of sacred relics, including images, statues, metals, and '' śarīra''—the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns. It is used as a place of pilgrimage and m ...
built at the time of
Ashoka Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka ( ; , ; – 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was List of Mauryan emperors, Emperor of Magadha from until #Death, his death in 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynast ...
which was then in disrepair. The region was invaded and sacked during the Ghaznavid invasions of Kannauj. The town was under
Bhar Bhar is a Caste system in India, caste or community in India. History Influenced by the Arya Samaj movement, as were members of other castes, Baijnath Prasad Adhyapak published ''Rajbhar Jati ka Itihas'' in 1940. This book attempted to p ...
rule until around 1200. It was said that Muhammad of Ghor's general
Qutb ud-Din Aibak Qutb ud-Din Aibak (; 1150 – 4 November 1210) was a Turkic general of the Ghurid emperor Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in 1206, he established his own ...
invaded and conquered the region and town. The then Bhar rulers of Kusbhawanpur were captured and the
Ghurid The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; ; self-designation: , ''Šansabānī'') was a Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian peoples, Iranian Tajik people, Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Emp ...
forces executed them and the horses were seized. In 1305, a
Rajput Rājpūt (, from Sanskrit ''rājaputra'' meaning "son of a king"), also called Thākur (), is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating fro ...
rebellion occurred in the region and the local
Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.
governor was defeated and expelled from the town by the Rajput rebels. When it was heard to the
Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
Alauddin Khalji Alauddin Khalji (; ), born Ali Gurshasp, was a ruler from the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes in the Delhi Sultanate, related to revenue ...
that this incident took place, he gathered an army and attacked them at once, on the opposite bank of the Gomti River from Kusbhawanpur defeating the rebels and sending them fleeing. Then Alauddin Khalji settled Muslims in the area of Mahmudpur located in Sultanpur. The city of Kusbhawanpur was renamed after the Alauddin Khalji's title ''Sultan'' and a new city was founded on the site, called Sultanpur. Old Sultanpur was originally located on the left bank of the Gomti and is mentioned on several occasions by Muslim historians as the site of battles. It was a prosperous town with several
mohalla is an Arabic word variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. History Historically, mahallas were autonomous social inst ...
s, or wards. At some point, though, the British established a military station and
cantonment A cantonment (, , or ) is a type of military base. In South Asia, a ''cantonment'' refers to a permanent military station (a term from the British Raj). In United States military parlance, a cantonment is, essentially, "a permanent residential ...
s on the opposite (right) bank of the Gomti, at a village then called Girghit, and this eventually took on the name Sultanpur instead while the old town declined. The old town was described in 1839 as being in a state of disrepair, without commerce or industry, and with a population of just 1,500 people. The only remains of the Bhar period were two brick wells on the south, "about a mile from the river", and a large mound or ''dih'' called Majhargaon in the middle of town, which was supposedly the remains of the old Bhar palace. Atop Majhargaon was a fort built by the sultan, then partly ruined, and containing houses belonging to the
faujdar Faujdar under the Mughals was an office that combined the functions of a military commander along with judicial and land revenue functions. The term faujdar contained pre-Mughal origins. During those times, the term referred to a military offic ...
and his followers. Northwest of the fort was a mosque also built by the sultan, and there were also a couple of other mosques built by the Sayyid chaudhris of the
pargana Pargana or parganah, also spelt pergunnah, equivalent to Mohallah as a subunit of Subah (Suba), was a type of former administrative division in the Indian subcontinent during the time of the Delhi Sultanate, Mughal and British Colonial empire ...
. The town then had "many old brick dwelling houses and a few new ones". Old Sultanpur was eventually razed to the ground by the British after the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...
, in retaliation for the murder of two British officers in the town at the beginning of the uprising. As for the new Sultanpur, it was also called Chhaoni Sarkar by officials and Kampu, or "the camp", by locals. It was built up on the site of the old cantonment, which was removed in 1861. Sultanpur was made a municipality in June 1869, with a municipal committee; a
municipal board A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
was formed in September 1884. In 1890 the Victoria Manzil was built for the first agricultural exhibition, and it served as the town hall and the meeting place for the municipal board under British rule. At the turn of the 20th century, the town also had a police station and hospital, jail,
poorhouse A poorhouse or workhouse is a government-run (usually by a county or municipality) facility to support and provide housing for the dependent or needy. Workhouses In England, Wales and Ireland (but not in Scotland), "workhouse" has been the more ...
, leper asylum, and a
dispensary A dispensary is an office in a school, hospital, industrial plant, or other organization that dispenses medications, medical supplies, and in some cases even medical and dental treatment. In a traditional dispensary set-up, a pharmacist dispense ...
which was rebuilt in 1895, at the same time as the Amethi female hospital was built in town, almost entirely funded by Raja Bhagwan Bakhsh Singh of Amethi. The town also had three markets: Perkinsganj, Shawganj, and Partabganj, the last of which opened in 1895 and was named after Partab Bahadur Singh, the raja of Kurwar.


Geography and climate

Sultanpur is the headquarters of the Sultanpur district, the north side of the district is bounded by
Ayodhya district Ayodhya district (formerly Faizabad district) is one of the 75 districts in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city of Ayodhya is its administrative headquarters. The district occupies an area of , and had a population of 2,470,9 ...
; the south side by Pratapgarh district; the west side by Barabanki and Amethi districts; and the east side by
Azamgarh Azamgarh is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Azamgarh division, which consists of Ballia, Mau and Azamgarh districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of Tamsa River (Tons). It is located east of the ...
, Ambedkarnagar, and
Jaunpur district Jaunpur district is a Districts of Uttar Pradesh, district in the Varanasi Division of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district headquarters is the city of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, Jaunpur which is situated on the banks of the Gomti River ...
s. Sultanpur has an average elevation of . The geography of Sultanpur comprises plain lands, except for some regions around the Gomti River, which drains almost the whole city and district. The southern part of the city drains towards the Sai River flowing through the Pratapgarh district. The only significant minerals found in the region are in
Kanker district Uttar Bastar Kanker District is located in the southern region of the state of Chhattisgarh, India within the latitudes 20.6-20.24 and longitudes 80.48-81.48. The total area of the district is 6432 square kilometers. The population is 748,941. The ...
. It joins Sharda Canal parts 16 and 17 jointly in the whole district and fulfills the requirements of water for agriculture.


Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian Census, Sultanpur had a total population of 107,640, of which 56,420 were males and 51,220 were females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 11,647. The total number of literates in Sultanpur was 84,080, which constituted 78.1% of the population with male literacy of 81.5% and female literacy of 74.4%. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population of Sultanpur was 87.6%, of which male literacy was 91.6% and female literacy rate was 83.2%. The Scheduled Castes population was 7,706. Sultanpur had 17,954 households in 2011.


Transportation


Road

Sultanpur is connected to nearby cities through the 4-lane
Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...
to Jaunpur- Saidpur NH 731 and the 2-lane
Prayagraj Prayagraj (, ; ISO 15919, ISO: ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi, Varanasi (Benar ...
to
Ayodhya Ayodhya () is a city situated on the banks of the Sarayu river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ayodhya district as well as the Ayodhya division of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ayodhya became th ...
NH 330. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) is the major public transport apart from other commercial modes run by private agencies. Sultanpur is also connected by the Purvanchal Expressway which starts from Lucknow to Ghazipur.


Train

Sultanpur Junction railway station (station code: SLN) connects Sultanpur to major cities in India.


Air

The nearest airport to Sultanpur is Ayodhya International Airport (60 km) and Prayagraj Airport which is 99 kilometers away.
Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport Chowdhury (also: Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhary) is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminen ...
(Lucknow) is 140 km from Sultanpur and is connected by 4-lane NH 731.


Education

* Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology


Notable people

* Kumar Kartikeya, Indian Cricketer plays for
Mumbai Indians The Mumbai Indians are a professional Twenty20, Twenty20 cricket team based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The Indians were founded in 2008 and are owned by India's largest Conglomerate (company), co ...
in IPL * Mohammad Tahir Khan, politician and former M.L.A from BSP. * Sripati Mishra - former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh *
Sulaiman Shikoh Mirza Sulaiman Shikoh was a Mughal Empire, Mughal prince and the eldest son of Crown prince Dara Shikoh. He was exiled in May 1662 at Gwalior Fort on the orders of his paternal uncle, Emperor Aurangzeb. Early life Sulaiman Shikoh was born on ...
,
Mughal Mughal or Moghul may refer to: Related to the Mughal Empire * Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries * Mughal dynasty * Mughal emperors * Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia * Mughal architecture * Mug ...
prince and the eldest son of the crown prince
Dara Shikoh Dara Shikoh (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659), also transliterated as Dara Shukoh, was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Dara was designated with the title ''Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba'' () and was favoured ...
* Sanjay Singh - Rajya Sabha MP from Aam Aadmi Party * Ajmal Sultanpuri, Indian Urdu poet *
Majrooh Sultanpuri Asrar ul Hassan Khan (1 October 1919 − 24 May 2000), better known as Majrooh Sultanpuri, was an Indian Urdu poet and lyricist in the Hindi language film industry. He wrote lyrics for numerous Hindi film soundtracks. He was one of the dom ...
, a writer in the Bollywood industry and Urdu poet * Ramashankar Yadav, known by the penname ''Vidrohi'', was an Indian poet and social activist


References


External links


Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology

Mahatma Gandhi Smarak Inter College

Government Inter College
{{Authority control Cities in Uttar Pradesh