Subsistence fishing

Artisanal, subsistence, or traditional fishing consists of various small-scale, low-technology, fishing practices undertaken by individual fishermen (as opposed to commercial fishing). Many of these households are of coastal or island ethnic groups. These households make short (rarely overnight) fishing trips close to the shore. Their produce is usually not processed and is mainly for local consumption. Artisan fishing uses traditional fishing techniques such as rod and tackle, fishing arrows and harpoons, cast nets, and small (if any) traditional fishing boats. For that reason, socio-economic status of artisanal fishing community has become an interest of the authorities in recent years.

Artisan fishing may be undertaken for commercial, cultural and subsistence reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of Sustainable Development Goal 14 works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.

Importance

Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on artisanal fisheries to live. Artisanal fishing is critically important for not only food, but for jobs, income, nutrition, food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty alleviation as well. Artisanal fisheries are the predominant form of fisheries in "tropical developing countries" such as Nigeria.

The importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries have been recognized in the first internationally agreed instrument dedicated entirely to small-scale fisheries. This agreement, drafted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is titled the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication and was implemented in 2015. In addition, there is increased global advocacy to provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and market, this is one of the major targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.

Artisan fishing boats and gears

Nigeria

A traditional dug out canoe between 3–18 meters long is used in Nigeria for artisanal fishing. Artisanal fishers in this area use gear that included, "cast nets, handlines, basket traps, longlines, set gillnets and beach and purse seines".

Sudan

Fishing vessels used in Sudan include from the ''sharoaq'', ''feluka'' and ''murkab al hadeed''. Equipment varies by region and includes fixed nets, drift nets, seine nets, long line and cast nets.

Image:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg, Fishermen at work off the northern coast of Mozambique
File:Koh Kut, Thailand, Gulf of Thailand.jpg, Fishing boats at Ko Kut, Thailand
Image:FloresFishingBoat.jpg, Fishing boats on Flores, Indonesia

Techniques

File:RV02Interior39.JPG, Fish wheel used in Alaska
Image:Shrimpers on horseback.jpg, Shrimpers on horseback, Oostduinkerke, Belgium
Image:Syr Darya river (Qyzylorda province) winter fishing 2006 00.jpg, Ice fishing on Syr-Darya river, Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan
Image:Fisherman Seychelles.jpg, Fisherman landing his catch, Seychelles
Image:Fisherman and his catch Seychelles.jpg, Fisherman and his catch, Seychelles. The fish, including small sharks, were hooked on hand lines many miles off shore.

Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg, Shore based lift nets in Cà Mau, Vietnam. Also see Chinese fishing nets of Kochi.

File:Fisherman and net 2, Bhubaneswar - Oct 2010.jpg, Fisherman with his net
Image:Đó.jpg, Traditional fish traps, Hà Tây, Vietnam
Image:CormorantFishing001.JPG, Cormorants used for fishing in China

Indigenous People

Many indigenous people, particularly in coastal areas and near rivers, rely on fishing as their primary source of food.

See more

* Fishing
* 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
* Artisanal food
* Blue justice
* Community-supported fishery
* Corf
* Fishing weir
* Fishing village
* Recreational fishing
* Rock fishing
* Traditional fishing boat

References

Sources

* FAO
''Definition: Artisanal fisheries''
* Béné, C; Macfadyen, G; Allison, E H (2007

FAO Fisheries Technical Paper T481.
* Diegues, Antonio Carlos (2002
''Sea Tenure, traditional knowledge and management among brazilian artisanal fishermen.''
NUPAUB, University of São Paulo. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
* Pauly, D (2006)
''Major trends in small-scale marine fisheries, with emphasis on developing countries, and some implications for the social sciences''
Maritime Studies (MAST) 4(2): 7–22.
* Tietze, U; Siar, S; Upare, Suchitra M and Upare, M A (2007

FAO Fisheries Circulars C1021.

External links

* OAS
Report on fisheries including artisan fishing
* WorldFish Center
Small-Scale Fisheries
* CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems
Small-Scale Fisheries

{{Fishing industry topics

Fishing industry