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Steven Levitsky (born January 17, 1968) is an American
political scientist Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...
and Professor of Government at
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
. A comparative political scientist, his research interests focus on
Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived ...
and include political parties and party systems,
authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic vo ...
and democratization, and weak and informal institutions. He is notable for his work on competitive authoritarian regimes and informal political institutions.Balakrishna, Aditi (December 12, 2007).
Popular Levitsky Awarded Tenure
. ''Harvard Crimson''. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
At Harvard, Levitsky also serves on the Executive Committees of both the
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs A weatherhead, also called a weathercap, service head, service entrance cap, or gooseneck (slang) is a weatherproof service drop entry point where overhead power or telephone wires enter a building, or where wires transition between overhead ...
Senior Advisers and Executive Committee
. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Harvard University. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
and the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies.


Education

Levitsky received a B.A. in
political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and ...
from Stanford University in 1990 and a Ph.D, also in
political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and ...
, from the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
in 1999.


Academia


Career

After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1999, Levitsky was a visiting fellow at the
University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac, known simply as Notre Dame ( ) or ND, is a private Catholic university, Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana, outside the city of South Bend, Indiana, South Bend. French priest Edward Sorin fo ...
's
Kellogg Institute for International Studies Kellogg may refer to: People and organizations *Kellogg's, American multinational food-manufacturing company **Will Keith Kellogg, founder of the company **John Harvey Kellogg, his brother, inventor of cornflakes and medical practitioner * Kello ...
.Steven Levitsky curriculum vitae
2009. Via Harvard University website. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
He joined
Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
as Assistant Professor of Government in 2000. There, he went on to serve as the John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences (2004-2008) before receiving tenure as Professor of Government in 2008. At Harvard, Levitsky also sits on the Executive Committees of the
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs A weatherhead, also called a weathercap, service head, service entrance cap, or gooseneck (slang) is a weatherproof service drop entry point where overhead power or telephone wires enter a building, or where wires transition between overhead ...
and the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. Levitsky is an advisor to several student organizations, including the Harvard Association Cultivating Inter-American Democracy (HACIA Democracy) and the POLITAI Civil Association at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, where he also taught as a visiting scholar.


Work

Levitsky is known for his work with Lucan Way on "competitive authoritarian" regimes, that is, hybrid government types in which, on the one hand, democratic institutions are generally accepted as the means to obtaining and exercising political power, but, on the other hand, incumbents violate the norms of those institutions so routinely, and to such an extent, that the regime fails to meet basic standards for democracy; under such a system, incumbents almost always retain power, because they control and tend to use the state to squelch opposition, arresting or intimidating opponents, controlling media coverage, or tampering with election results.Levitsky Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2002). "The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.". ''
Journal of Democracy The ''Journal of Democracy'' is a quarterly academic journal established in 1990 and an official publication of the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies. It covers the study of democracy, democratic regim ...
'', Vol. 13, No. 2, p. 51-66; here: p. 52-53. Available a
PDF file
via Harvard faculty page. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
Writing about the phenomenon in 2002, Levitsky and Way named Serbia under
Slobodan Milošević Slobodan Milošević (, ; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the president of Serbia within Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1997 (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic of ...
and Russia under
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime m ...
as examples of such regimes. In 2018, Levitsky published ''
How Democracies Die ''How Democracies Die'' is a 2018 comparative politics book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. In 2021, '' ...
'' with fellow Harvard professor
Daniel Ziblatt Daniel Ziblatt (born 1972) is an American political scientist and a professor at Harvard University with a research focus on comparative politics, democracy and democratization as well as the politics and political history of Western Europe. Since ...
. The book examines the conditions that can lead democracies to break down from within, rather than due to external events such as military coups or foreign invasions. ''How Democracies Die'' received widespread praise. It spent a number of weeks on ''The New York Times'' Best Seller list and six weeks on the non-fiction bestseller list of the German weekly '' Der Spiegel''. The book was recognized as one of the best nonfiction books of 2018 by the ''
Washington Post ''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large na ...
'', ''Time'', and ''
Foreign Affairs ''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and ...
''. Levitsky and Ziblatt have also co-authored numerous opinion articles on American democracy in the ''New York Times''. Levitsky is also an expert on the
Nicaraguan revolution The Nicaraguan Revolution ( es, Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista, link=no) encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation F ...
.


Personal life

He is married to Liz Mineo, a Peruvian journalist graduated from
National University of San Marcos The National University of San Marcos ( es, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, link=no, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educ ...
and
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manha ...
, who currently works at
The Harvard Gazette Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher l ...
. Levitsky lives with his wife and daughter in
Brookline, Massachusetts Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, in the United States, and part of the Boston metropolitan area. Brookline borders six of Boston's neighborhoods: Brighton, Allston, Fenway–Kenmore, Mission Hill, Jamaica Plain, and ...
. He is
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
.


Selected bibliographyPublications
. Steve Levitsky faculty page. Harvard University. Retrieved 2016-10-23.


Journal articles

2009. “Variation in Institutional Strength: Causes and Implications” (with María Victoria Murillo). ''Annual Review of Political Science''. 12: 115-133. 2007. "Organizacion Informal de los Partidos en America Latina" nformal Party Organization in Latin America(with Flavia Freidenberg). ''Desarrollo Económico'' (Argentina) 46, No. 184: 539-568. 2007. “Linkage, Leverage and the Post-Communist Divide” (with Lucan A. Way). ''East European Politics and Societies'' 27, No. 21: 48-66. 2006. Forthcoming. “The Dynamics of Autocratic Coercive Capacity after the Cold War” (with Lucan Way). ''Communist and Post-Communist Studies'' 39, No. 3: 387-410. 2006. “Organized Labor and Democracy in Latin America” (with Scott Mainwaring). ''Comparative Politics'' 39, No. 1 (October): 21-42. 2006. “Linkage versus Leverage: Rethinking the International Dimension of Regime Change” (with Lucan Way). ''Comparative Politics'' 38, No. 4 (July): 379-400. 2005. “International Linkage and Democratization” (with Lucan Way). ''Journal of Democracy''. 16, No. 3 (July): 20-34. 2004. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda” (with Gretchen Helmke). ''Perspectives on Politics'' 2, No. 4 (December): 725-740. 2003. “Argentina Weathers the Storm” (with M. Victoria Murillo). ''Journal of Democracy'' 14, No. 4 (October): 152-166. 2003. “From Labor Politics to Machine Politics: The Transformation of Party-Union Linkages in Argentine Peronism, 1983-99.” ''Latin American Research Review'' 38, No. 3: 3-36. lso published in ''Desarrollo Económico'', Argentina 2003. “Explaining Populist Party Adaptation in Latin America: Environmental and Organizational Determinants of Party Change in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela” (with Katrina Burgess). ''Comparative Political Studies'' 36, No. 8 (October): 859-880. 2003. “Democracy without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru” (with Maxwell Cameron). ''Latin American Politics and Society'' 45, No. 3 (Fall): 1-33. lso published in ''Instituciones y Desarrollo'', Spain 2002. “Elections Without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism” (with Lucan Way). ''Journal of Democracy'' 13, No. 2 (April): 51-66. lso published in ''Estudios Políticos'', Columbia, Vol. 24, July 2004 2001. “Organization and Labor-Based Party Adaptation: The Transformation of Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective.” ''World Politics'' 54, No. 1 (October): 27-56. 2001. “Inside the Black Box: Recent Studies of Latin American Party Organizations.” ''Studies in Comparative International Development'' 36, No. 2 (summer): 92-110. 2001. “An ‘Organized Disorganization’: Informal Organization and the Persistence of Local Party Structures in Argentine Peronism.” ''Journal of Latin American Studies'' 33, No. 1 (February): 29-66. lso published in ''Revista de Ciencias Sociales'', Argentina, October 2001 2000. “The ‘Normalization’ of Argentine Politics.” ''Journal of Democracy'' 11, No. 2 (April): 56-69. 1999. “Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Peru.” ''Journal of Democracy'' 10, No. 3 (July): 78-92. 1998. “Crisis, Party Adaptation, and Regime Stability in Argentina: The Case of Peronism, 1989-1995.” ''Party Politics'' 4, No. 4: 445-470. lso published in ''Revista de Ciencias Sociales'', Argentina, September 1997 1998. “Between a Shock and a Hard Place: The Dynamics of Labor-Backed Adjustment in Argentina and Poland” (with Lucan Way). ''Comparative Politics'' 30, No. 2 (January): 171-192. 1998. “Institutionalization and Peronism: The Case, the Concept, and the Case for Unpacking the Concept.” ''Party Politics'' 4, No. 1 (January): 77-92. 1997. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research” (with David Collier), ''World Politics'' 49, No. 3 (April): 430-51. lso published in ''Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica'', December 1997; ''Agora'', Buenos Aires, January 1998; and ''La Politica'', Barcelona, October 1998 1991. “FSLN Congress: A Cautious First Step.” ''Journal of Communist Studies'' 7, No. 4 (December): 539-544.


Books

2022. ''Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism''. (with Lucan Way). Princeton University Press. 2018. ''
How Democracies Die ''How Democracies Die'' is a 2018 comparative politics book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. In 2021, '' ...
''. (with Daniel Ziblatt). New York:
Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...
. . –
NDR Kultur Sachbuchpreis NDR Kultur Sachbuchpreis is a literary prize of Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous me ...
2018; Goldsmith Book Prize 2019 2010. ''Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War''. (with Lucan A. Way). New York:
Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press in the world. It is also the King's Printer. Cambr ...
. . 2006. ''Informal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America''. (edited with Gretchen Helmke). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. . 2005. ''Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness''. (edited with M. Victoria Murillo). University Park:
Penn State University Press The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, was established in 1956 and is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. It is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania State Uni ...
. . 2003. ''Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective''. New York: Cambridge University Press. . ublished in Spanish as ''Transformación del Justicialismo: Del Partido Sindical al Partido Clientelista''. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2005


References


External links


http://scholar.harvard.edu/levitsky

Elections without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism
by Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way (2002) {{DEFAULTSORT:Levitsky, Steven 1968 births People from Brookline, Massachusetts American political scientists American political philosophers Populism scholars Harvard University faculty Stanford University alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni Living people Jewish American academics American people of Russian descent 21st-century American Jews Ithaca High School (Ithaca, New York) alumni