Stanisław Chlebowski (1835–1884) was a Polish

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

. He was a renowned specialist in Oriental themes and

history painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and B ...

Biography

Chlebowski was born to Polish parents in the village of Pokutyntsi (Pokutyńce), which was then in the Ushitsky Uyezd and Podolian Governorate of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and is now Khmelnytskyi Raion,

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. The village and its region once constituted the easternmost periphery of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...

prior to the

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

at the end of the 18th century. Following the partitions, the area was annexed by Russia. Chlebowski initially learned drawing in Grekov Odessa Art school. Between 1853 and 1859, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, and then on a scholarship for six years in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

as the pupil of the French Orientalist painter

Jean-Léon Gérôme Jean-Léon Gérôme (; 11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as Academic painting, academicism. His paintings were so widely reproduced that he was "arguably the world's most famous living art ...

. Chlebowski traveled to Spain, Italy, Germany, and Belgium. His first success was selling his painting '' Joanne d’Arc in Amiens Prison'' to Napoleon III of France. In the years 1864-1876 Chlebowski was the master painter under the service of Sultan Abdülaziz and took up residence in

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

. Chlebowski became popular in the empire. During his services, he had obtained permission to bring with him a large icon of Mother of God Leading Our Way having been rescued from the Hodegon Monastery in 1453. He had come across it in one of the antique stores in

, untouched by its Turkish conservator. This account is certified in a letter by the , dated June 27, 1938. In 1876 he moved to Paris. In 1881 he returned permanently to

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

. The subject matter of his watercolours and oil paintings is diverse. He painted images of historical battles related to the

history of Turkey The history of Turkey, understood as the history of the area now forming the territory of the Republic of Turkey, includes the history of both Anatolia (the Asian part of Turkey) and Eastern Thrace (the European part of Turkey). These two prev ...

and

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, oriental genre scenes, landscapes, and portraits of Ottoman

sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

s. He died in Kowanówko (then officially named ''Rundhausen'' in what was then the

German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...

, now Poland) at age 49, and was buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery in Kraków. Chlebowski lived abroad for a long time and as a result his paintings were very rare in Poland. The National Museum in Kraków houses some of his other important Orientalist works such as '.Stanisław Chlebowski
retrieved on August 3, 2008.

Selected works

*''Entry of Sultan Mehmed II to Constantinople at the Gate of the City'' (1873, ') *Turkish sentry (1880) *The time of prayer * Sultan Bayezid in captivity of

Tamerlane Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timuri ...

(1878) File:Chlebowski - Grajek przed meczetem w Konstantynopolu.jpg, Musician in Constantinople File:Stanislaw Chlebowski - Chess Players.jpg, ''

Chess Chess is a board game for two players. It is an abstract strategy game that involves Perfect information, no hidden information and no elements of game of chance, chance. It is played on a square chessboard, board consisting of 64 squares arran ...

Players, Cairo'' File:Chlebowski-Bajazyt w niewoli.jpg, ''Sultan Bayezid prisoned by Timur'' File:Stanisław von Chlebowski - Sobieski at Vienna - MNK II-a-281 - National Museum in Kraków.jpg, Sobieski at

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

File:Stanisław von Chlebowski - Death of Władysław Jagiellon near Varna - MNK II-a-280 - National Museum in Kraków.jpg, Death of Władysław III of Poland at the Battle of Varna

References

;Inline ;General
"Stanisław Chlebowski" Agra Art
retrieved on August 3, 2008.
Stanisław Chlebowski images of works on auction
retrieved on August 3, 2008.

retrieved on August 4, 2008. 1835 births 1884 deaths People from Khmelnytskyi Oblast People from Ushitsky Uyezd People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent Clan of Poraj 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Polish male artists Orientalist painters Polish male painters Burials at Rakowicki Cemetery Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire Painters from the Russian Empire {{poland-painter-stub

Biography

Selected works

See also

References