St Paul's School is a
selective independent day school
A day school — as opposed to a boarding school — is an educational institution where children are given instruction during the day, after which the students return to their homes. A day school has full-day programs when compared to a regular s ...
(with limited
boarding) for boys aged 13–18, founded in 1509 by
John Colet and located on a 43-
acre
The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...
site by
the Thames in London.
St Paul's was one of nine English
public schools investigated by the
Clarendon Commission, which subsequently became known as the
Clarendon schools. However, the school successfully argued that it was a private school and consequently was omitted from the
Public Schools Act 1868, as was
Merchant Taylors', the other day school within the scope of
Lord Clarendon's terms of reference. Since 1881, St Paul's has had its own
preparatory school,
St Paul's Juniors (formerly
Colet Court), which since 1968 has been located on the same site.
The school has been included in
The Schools Index every year since the index began in 2020 as one of the world's top 150 private schools, of which 25 are in the UK.
History
St Paul's School takes its name from
St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Paul the Apostle, is an Anglican cathedral in London, England, the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London in the Church of Engl ...
in London. A cathedral school is recorded as early as 1103, though it had declined by the early 16th century. In 1509,
John Colet, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, established a new school on land north of the cathedral.

The eldest son of Sir Henry Colet (a member of the
Mercers' Company and twice
Lord Mayor of the City of London), John Colet inherited a substantial fortune and used a great part of it for the endowment of his school, having no family of his own; his 21 brothers and sisters all died in childhood and he was a celibate priest. He wrote in the school's statutes that his aim was "desyring nothing more thanne Educacion and bringing upp chyldren in good Maners and litterature."

Originally, the school admitted 153 boys of "all nacions and countries indifferently", focusing on literature and etiquette. The number
153 relates to the
miraculous draught of fishes recorded in the
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John () is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical Gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "Book of Signs, signs" culminating in the raising of Lazarus (foreshadowing the ...
; the school still awards Junior Scholars a silver-fish emblem. At its foundation, St Paul's had a High Master earning a
mark per week—twice the
Eton headmaster's pay.
The scholars were not required to make any payment, although they were required to be literate and had to pay for their own wax candles, which at that time were an expensive commodity.
Colet was an outspoken critic of the powerful and worldly Church of his day, and a friend of both
Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...
and Sir
Thomas More
Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, theologian, and noted Renaissance humanist. He also served Henry VII ...
. Erasmus wrote textbooks for the school and St Paul's was the first English school to teach Greek, reflecting the humanist interests of the founder. Colet distrusted the Church as a managing body for his school, declaring that he "found the least corruption" in married laymen. For this reason, Colet assigned the management of the School and its revenues to the
Mercers' Company, the premier
livery company in the
City of London
The City of London, also known as ''the City'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county and Districts of England, local government district with City status in the United Kingdom, city status in England. It is the Old town, his ...
, with which his father had been associated. In 1876 the company was legally established as trustee of the Colet estate, and the management of the school was assigned to a Board of Governors consisting of the Master, Wardens and nine members of the company, together with three representatives from each of the Universities of
Oxford
Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
,
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...
and
London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
. The Mercers' Company still forms the major part of the School's governing body, and it continues to administer Colet's trust.
One of the early headmasters was
Richard Mulcaster
Richard Mulcaster (ca. 1531, Carlisle, Cumberland – 15 April 1611, Essex) is known best for his headmasterships of Merchant Taylors' School and St Paul's School, both then in London, and for his pedagogic writings. He is often regarded as ...
, famous for writing two influential treatises on education (Positions, in 1581,
and Elementarie in 1582). His description in Positions of "footeball" as a refereed team sport is the earliest reference to organised modern football. For this description and his enthusiasm for the sport he is considered the father of modern football.
Between 1861 and 1864, the
Clarendon Commission (a
Royal Commission
A royal commission is a major ad-hoc formal public inquiry into a defined issue in some monarchies. They have been held in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Malaysia, Mauritius and Saudi Arabia. In republics an equi ...
) investigated the
public school system in England and its report formed the basis of the
Public Schools Act 1868. St Paul's was one of only nine schools considered by the Clarendon Commission, and one of only two schools which was not predominantly attended by boarders (the other day school was
Merchant Taylors').
According to
Charles Dickens Jr., writing in 1879
20th-century
In the early 2000s former head teacher,
Martin Stephen, advised author
Jilly Cooper
Dame Jilly Cooper, (born Jill Sallitt; 21 February 1937) is an English author. She began her career as a journalist and wrote numerous works of non-fiction before writing several romance novels, the first of which appeared in 1975. Cooper is ...
on her novel ''
Wicked!,'' which is set in an independent school.
In 2016 ''
The Daily Telegraph
''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a British daily broadsheet conservative newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally. It was found ...
'' reported that families earning up to £120,000 could still receive bursaries, after the headmaster remarked that fees had become "unaffordable".
Apposition
An annual ceremony known as Apposition was originally the means by which
The Mercers' Company could assess and, if necessary, dismiss teachers or the High Master. The process involved a third-party "apposer" who judged teaching quality by examining final-year pupils' lectures.
Historically, the ceremony had real power. In 1559 High Master Thomas Freeman was dismissed, supposedly for lack of learning—although more probably for holding the incorrect religious views. In 1748, High Master Charles was removed after allegedly threatening to "pull the Surmaster by the nose and kick him about the school".
Since it was re-introduced in 1969, Apposition has become largely ceremonial, instead serving as a prize-giving event for boys in the final two years of the school.
Buildings
City of London
The original school, which stood in
St Paul's Churchyard, was destroyed with the Cathedral in the
Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through central London from Sunday 2 September to Wednesday 5 September 1666, gutting the medieval City of London inside the old London Wall, Roman city wall, while also extendi ...
in 1666.
Hammersmith
In 1884 a new building designed by the architect
Alfred Waterhouse rose to dominate the countryside of
Hammersmith
Hammersmith is a district of West London, England, southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
It ...
. The terracotta for the Hammersmith school was made by the famous
Gibbs and Canning of
Tamworth. At this time the street numbering was changed locally and so the school address, whether by accident or design, became 153 Hammersmith Road. The preparatory school,
Colet Court, was soon afterwards housed in new premises in a similar style on the opposite side of the road.
In September 1939 the school was evacuated to Easthampstead Park, near Crowthorne in Berkshire, where, under the then High Master,
W. F. Oakeshott, it became solely a boarding school for the period of the war. Playing fields and some other facilities were borrowed from nearby
Wellington College, but the boys and the teachers from the two schools remained entirely separate.
In the meantime, the London buildings became the headquarters of the
Home Forces in July 1940 and the headquarters of the
XXI Army Group under the command of General, later Field-Marshal,
Bernard Montgomery, himself an Old Pauline, in July 1943. There the XXI army part of the military side of the invasion of Europe was planned, including the
D-Day landings. The map that he used is still present in the modern day site of the school in the Montgomery Room. The school recovered its buildings in September 1945, and resumed life essentially as a day school, although it retains a small number of boarders to this day. In 1959,
Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
visited the school to mark the 450th anniversary of its founding. Upon her death, BBC journalist
John Simpson, a pupil at the time, was most complimentary, saying that "we were all just bowled over by it
he visit.
In 1968, St Paul's School was relocated across the river to
Barnes and main school buildings were demolished. Today, the boundary wall and railings, small circular
Bothy (garden store), High Master's Lodge (now
St Paul's Hotel) and Porter's Lodge are all that remain of the site and are
Grade II listed. The main buildings were demolished and converted into
St Paul's Gardens.
Barnes
By 1961 it had become evident that the old school buildings were unsuited to modern educational needs. The opportunity arose to rebuild the school on a 45-acre (182,000 m²) riverside site at
Barnes, adjacent to
Hammersmith Bridge. This land had previously been the site of reservoirs which were filled in with earth excavated during the construction of the
Victoria line.
In the 1970s,
West London College was built on of former playing fields of St Paul's, despite campaigns opposing the development.
2009–present day
In 2013, the school opened its new Science wing. The wing is a four-storey building, built to provide university-standard workspaces and labs, including its own
scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that ...
.
Staff pay
St Paul's ranks highest on the Sunday Times Private School Pay List, with nine staff members paid salaries exceeding £100,000 in the accounting period 2019-20.
St Paul’s also had the highest individual earner, with one staff member earning between £330,000 and £339,000 from September 2019 to August 2020.
Operation Winthorpe
St Paul's has been investigated by the
Metropolitan Police for historic crimes of paedophilia so serious the investigation was given its own operational name, Operation Winthorpe. Since then school has reviewed and revised its safeguarding procedures.
A major independent report published in January 2020, revealed 80 complaints against 32 members of staff over a period of six decades, mainly from the 1960s to the 1990s. There were 28 recommendations on how current practice could be improved.
Renewal campaign
The renewal campaign is the project to rebuild the entire school campus, frequently known as the Masterplan.
The majority of the Barnes site buildings dated from the 1960s, and the CLASP technology used in the construction of the buildings had a limited lifespan. Even though various buildings (such as the Wathen Hall Music School, Rackets Court and Milton Building) had been added to the campus over the years, the 1960s prefab buildings represented approximately three-quarters of the school.
Local planning restrictions combined with a lack of available surplus land mean that St Paul's is faced with progressively replacing obsolete buildings with new ones located in the same general area. The plan should eventually result in a large building footprint area increase as well as increasing the amount of staff housing.
In 2007,
Nicholas Hare Architects were appointed to produce detailed designs for the first set of new buildings. Late in 2009,
Richmond Council granted St Paul's detailed planning permission, and building started in 2011.
In 2023, the St Paul's Juniors building was demolished to make way for a completely new junior school designed by Hawkins/Brown, due to be completed in 2026.
Sport
Rugby
St Paul's was a founding member of the
Rugby Football Union
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the Sports governing body, national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby ...
in 1871.
In 1979, the St Paul's 1st XV, nicknamed the 'Invincibles', went twelve matches undefeated.
In 2005 and 2007, St Paul's reached the final of the U15
Daily Mail Cup, the premier rugby union tournament for British secondary schools. In 2005, they lost 12-7 to
St Benedict's School, Ealing, and in 2007 they lost 20-15 to
Lymm High School.
In 2017, St Paul's reached the final of the first-ever U15 Plate competition, losing 6-3 to
Sir Thomas Rich's School.
In 2025, St Paul's won the U15
Continental Tyres School Vase at
Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club, beating Bishop's Stortford High School 32-3 in the final.
Rowing
St Paul's School Boat Club (SPSBC) has won the
Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at
Henley Royal Regatta
Henley Royal Regatta (or Henley Regatta, its original name pre-dating Royal patronage) is a Rowing (sport), rowing event held annually on the River Thames by the town of Henley-on-Thames, England. It was established on 26 March 1839. It diffe ...
eight times and has held the course record since 2018.
In 2018 and again in 2024, SPSBC won "the Quadruple," consisting of the
Head of the Charles,
Schools' Head of the River,
National Schools' Regatta and the HRR
Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup. From 2023 to 2025, St Paul's won six of these titles in succession.
In May 2025, Junior Rowing News described St Paul's School Boat Club as "arguably the standout junior rowing program in the world over the past few years."
Football
St Paul's School has had one professional football player,
Richard Nartey.
On 25th March 2025, St Paul's School reached the final of the ISFA Shield, losing 2-1 to Bromsgrove School.
Examinations
In 2008, for the first time, its students sat the
IGCSE exam instead of the
GCSE
The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification in a range of subjects taken in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, having been introduced in September 1986 and its first exams taken in 1988. State schools ...
in Science, following sitting IGCSE in Mathematics the previous year. The school does not currently offer the
International Baccalaureate
The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), more commonly known as the International Baccalaureate (IB), is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and founded in 1968. It offers four educational programmes: the I ...
as an alternative to
A Level, and has suffered on many league tables as a result.
Martin Stephen, former High Master of St Paul's, has stated he believes that "league tables put massive pressure on headmasters to do bad things"
and announced that St Paul's will be joining other private schools in London in withdrawing from the
ISC's 2008 league tables.
The school record for students gaining places at
Oxford
Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
or
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...
was 74 pupils in 2010, representing 42% of the year group. In the same year, a record 53.5% of A Level entries were graded at A*, with 93.5% of grades at A* or A and 99.4% at or above a B. According to more recent data, pupils starting university in 2016 numbered 189. Of those starting in the UK in 2016, 95% went on to
Russell Group
The Russell Group is a self-selected association of twenty-four public research universities in the United Kingdom. The group is headquartered in Cambridge and was established in 1994 to represent its members' interests, principally to governme ...
universities, with 53 entering Oxford or Cambridge. The highest ever number of pupils (34) chose to study in America, at
Ivy League
The Ivy League is an American collegiate List of NCAA conferences, athletic conference of eight Private university, private Research university, research universities in the Northeastern United States. It participates in the National Collegia ...
or equivalent schools. In 2017, 72 pupils were made offers by Oxford or Cambridge, with 40 offers for Oxford and 32 for Cambridge. In addition, 40 pupils received offers from North American universities, with no fewer than five securing places at
Yale. A further three offers were made each by
Princeton and
Columbia.
The school had its first student attain a place on the
Prime Minister's Global Fellowship programme in 2009.
The school also has its first student win the national competition of IFS Young Business Writer of the Year 2010 Award, an award for the top young business thinker.
GCSE summary: last six years
A level summary: last six years
High Masters
The head teacher of St Paul's is known as the
High Master, and the deputy head as the Surmaster. These titles are assigned in the school statutes. The following have been High Masters of St Paul's:
Other notable staff
*
Nigel Briers (born 1955), former cricketer
*
Fran Clough (born 1962), former rugby player, played for England in the 1987 world cup
*
Josh Hawley
Joshua David Hawley (born December 31, 1979) is an American politician and attorney serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States Senate, United States senator from Missouri, a seat he has held since 2019. A member ...
(born 1979), U.S. senator
*
George Green Loane (1865–1945), housemaster, classical scholar
*
Francis Sowerby Macaulay (1862–1937), mathematician
Notable alumni
See also
*
St Paul's Girls' School
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
Old Pauline Club*
Old Pauline Rugby Football Club*
Old Pauline Association Football Club*
Old Pauline Cricket Club*
Old Pauline Football Club
{{DEFAULTSORT:St Paul's School, London
1509 establishments in England
Alfred Waterhouse buildings
Barnes, London
Boarding schools in London
Educational institutions established in the 1500s
Private boys' schools in London
Private schools in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
Racquets venues
History of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham