The Church of St Martin is an ancient Church of England parish church in Canterbury, England, situated slightly beyond the city centre. It is recognised as the oldest church building in Britain still in use as a church, and the oldest existing parish church in the English-speaking world, although Roman and Celtic churches had existed for centuries. The church is, along with Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey, part of a World Heritage Site. Since 1668, the church has been part of the benefice of St Martin and St Paul Canterbury. Both St Martin's and nearby St Paul's churches are used for weekly services.

Early history

St Martin's was the private chapel of Queen Bertha of Kent (died in or after 601) before Saint Augustine of Canterbury arrived from Rome in 597. Queen Bertha was a Christian Frankish princess who arrived in England with her chaplain, Bishop Liudhard. Her pagan husband, Æthelberht of Kent, allowed her to continue to practise her religion by renovating a Romano-British building (ca. AD 580). The Venerable Bede says the building had been in use as a church in the late Roman period but had fallen into disuse. Bede specifically names it as being dedicated to

Martin of Tours Martin of Tours (; 316/3368 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third French Republic, Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hung ...

, a city located near where Bertha grew up. Although Bede implies that the building in Roman times had been a church, modern scholarship has questioned this. Upon his arrival, Augustine used St Martin's as his mission headquarters, enlarging it circa AD 597. With the subsequent establishment of Canterbury Cathedral and St Augustine's Abbey, St Martin's lost prestige but retains its priority and historical importance. Shortly before 1844, a hoard of gold coins which may date from the late 6th century was found in the churchyard, one of which is the Liudhard medalet, which bears an image of a diademed figure with a legend referring to Liudhard.

Architecture

Local finds prove that Christianity did exist in this area of the city at the time, and the church contains many reused Roman bricks or spolia, as well as complete sections of walls of Roman tiles. At the core of the church the brick remains of a Roman tomb were integrated into the structure. Several sections of walls are clearly very early, and it is possible that a blocked square-headed doorway in the

chancel In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the Choir (architecture), choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may termi ...

was the entrance to Bertha's church, while other sections of wall come from the period after the Gregorian mission in the 7th or 8th centuries, including most of the nave. The apse that was originally at the east end has been removed. The tower is much later, in Perpendicular style. The church is a Grade I

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...

Graves

The churchyard contains the graves of many notable local families and well-known people including: Henry Alford, churchman and theologian; Canon William Cadman, a 19th-century evangelist; Thomas Sidney Cooper (artist) and Mary Tourtel, the creator of Rupert Bear.

Music

The church has a continuing musical tradition from the monks of St Augustine to the present day. The tower has three bells set for swing-chiming, using levers. The tenor weighs . File:StMartinsChurchCanterburyEntrance.jpg, West elevation File:StMartinsChurchCanterburyInterior2.jpg, Interior view File:Interior of St. Martin's Church in Canterbury.jpg, Interior File:StBerthaStatue-stMartinChurchCanterbury2.jpg, St Bertha of Kent wooden statue, south wall of the church File:Graveyard ST. Martin's Church, Canterbury.jpg, Graveyard File:Grave of Mary and Herbert Tourtel.jpg, Grave of Mary and Herbert Tourtel

References

Sources

*F. Haverfield, "Early British Christianity" ''The English Historical Review'' Vol. 11, No. 43. (Jul., 1896) *Service, Alastair, ''The Buildings of Britain, A Guide and Gazetteer, Anglo-Saxon and Norman'', 1982, Barrie & Jenkins (London),

External links

Canterbury BuildingsWebsite of St Martin's ChurchTriadic UNESCO World Heritage property, "Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church"
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canterbury, St Martin's Church Standing Anglo-Saxon churches Saint Martin's Church World Heritage Sites in England Church of England church buildings in Kent 6th-century churches Grade I listed churches in Kent 6th-century establishments in England Diocese of Canterbury