St. Paul's Church is a historically

evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of th ...

Anglican Anglicanism, also known as Episcopalianism in some countries, is a Western Christianity, Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the ...

church in

downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...

Halifax, Nova Scotia, within the Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island of the

Anglican Church of Canada The Anglican Church of Canada (ACC or ACoC) is the Ecclesiastical province#Anglican Communion, province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French-language name is ''l'Église anglicane du Canada''. In 2016, the Anglican Church of ...

. It is located at the south end of the Grand Parade, an open square in downtown Halifax with

Halifax City Hall Halifax City Hall is the home of municipal government in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Designed by architect Edward Elliot (architect), Edward Elliot, and constructed for the City of Halifax between 1887 and 1890, it is one ...

at the northern end. The church is modelled after Marybone Chapel in

Westminster Westminster is the main settlement of the City of Westminster in Central London, Central London, England. It extends from the River Thames to Oxford Street and has many famous landmarks, including the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, ...

, London, which was designed by controversial architect

James Gibbs James Gibbs (23 December 1682 – 5 August 1754) was a Scottish architect. Born in Aberdeen, he trained as an architect in Rome, and practised mainly in England. He is an important figure whose work spanned the transition between English Ba ...

, the architect of

St Martin-in-the-Fields St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours, there has been a church on the site since at least the medieval pe ...

Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster in Central London. It was established in the early-19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. Its name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, the Royal Navy, ...

. Built during

Father Le Loutre's War Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755), also known as the Indian War, the Mi'kmaq War and the Anglo-Mi'kmaq War, took place between King George's War and the French and Indian War in Acadia and Nova Scotia. On one side of the conflict, the Kingdo ...

, it is the oldest surviving Protestant church in Canada and the oldest building in Halifax. There is also a

crypt A crypt (from Greek κρύπτη (kryptē) ''wikt:crypta#Latin, crypta'' "Burial vault (tomb), vault") is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, Sarcophagus, sarcophagi, or Relic, religiou ...

below the church. Close to the church is the St. Paul's Church Cemetery. The official chapel of the church was the Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church. Saint Paul's was designated a

National Historic Site of Canada National Historic Sites of Canada () are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being of national historic significance. Parks C ...

in 1981. In 1981, it was designated a Municipal Registered Heritage Property by the former City of Halifax, and in 1983 it was designated a Provincially Registered Heritage Property both under the provincial Heritage Property Act.

History

St. Paul's Church was founded in 1749 (the same year as the Halifax colony). The construction was begun in 1750 and is based on the ground plan of Gibbs' Marybone Chapel (later St. Peter's, Vere Street) in London, with later additions such as a larger tower. The Reverend William Tutty (1715–1754) opened the church on 2 September 1750. Rev. William Tutty was the first minister (1750–54); followed by Rev.

John Breynton John Breynton (1719 – 15 July 1799) was a minister in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He was born in Trefeglwys, Montgomeryshire, Wales to John Breynton (born 1670 Llanidloes) and his second wife, and baptised on 13 April 1719. He spent his f ...

(1754–91) and Rev. Thomas Wood (1752–64), who served at the same time. The church also served as the site for the initial congregation of St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) until this church was built. During the

French and Indian War The French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763, was a colonial conflict in North America between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of France, France, along with their respective Native Americans in the United States, Native American ...

(the North American theatre of the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...

), the church was the site of the burials of two prominent Nova Scotians: Governor Charles Lawrence (d.1760) and Catholic Priest Pierre Maillard (d.1762), the latter ceremony was attended by a large number of

Mi'kmaq people The Mi'kmaq (also ''Mi'gmaq'', ''Lnu'', ''Mi'kmaw'' or ''Mi'gmaw''; ; , and formerly Micmac) are an Indigenous group of people of the Northeastern Woodlands, native to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces, primarily Nova Scotia, New Bru ...

. (Also during the war, the church was where

Horatio Gates Horatio Lloyd Gates (July 26, 1727April 10, 1806) was a British-born American army officer who served as a general in the Continental Army during the early years of the American Revolutionary War, Revolutionary War. He took credit for the Ameri ...

married Elizabeth Phillips in 1754.) Soon after the war, Vice-Admiral Philip Durell (d. 1766) was buried after having participated in the

Siege of Louisbourg (1758) The siege of Louisbourg was a pivotal operation of the French and Indian War in 1758 that ended French colonial dominance in Atlantic Canada and led to the subsequent British campaign to capture Quebec in 1759 and the remainder of New France ...

and the Siege of Quebec (1759). During the

American Revolution The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American ...

the church held funerals for Francis McLean (d. 1781) who defended

New Ireland (Maine) New Ireland was a Crown colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain twice established in modern-day Maine after British forces captured the area during the American Revolutionary War and again during the War of 1812. The colony lasted four years durin ...

during the war; Capt Henry Francis Evans (d.1781) who died in the Naval Battle off Cape Breton (1781); Baron Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann von Seitz Hatchment (d.1782) who was the commander of the Hessian soldiers that defended Lunenburg in the Raid on Lunenburg (1782); and Governor

Michael Francklin Michael Francklin or Franklin (6 December 1733 – 8 November 1782) served as Nova Scotia's Lieutenant Governor from 1766 to 1772. He is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's Church (Halifax). Early life and immigration Born in Poole, England, ...

(d. 1782), whose funeral was also attended by a large number of Mi'kmaq people. After the American Revolution, with the creation of the Diocese of Nova Scotia in 1787, St. Paul's was given the Bishop's seat, making it the first Anglican cathedral outside of Great Britain. It served as the cathedral from 1787 to 1864. The diocese included Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, St. Johns (now Prince Edward Island), and across Quebec and Ontario to Windsor, and Bermuda. For many decades it was one of the few places of worship in Halifax, and other denominations would thus hold services in the building. During the

Halifax Explosion On the morning of 6 December 1917, the French cargo ship collided with the Norwegian vessel in the harbour of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ''Mont-Blanc'', laden with Explosive material, high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastat ...

of 1917, a piece of wooden window frame from another building was lodged into the wall of St. Paul's Church, where it remains today.

Prominent monuments

Men

File:FracisMcLeanPlaqueStPaulsChurchHalifaxNovaScotia.jpg, Brigadier General Francis McLean – defended

during

, died 1781 – oldest monument in church File:Lord Charles Greville Montagu, South Carolina Governor.jpg, (

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cr ...

)

Governor of South Carolina The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ''ex officio'' commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making year ...

Lord Charles Montagu Lord Charles Greville Montagu (1741 – 3 February 1784) was the last Royal Governor of the Province of South Carolina from 1766 to 1773, with William Bull II serving terms in 1768 and 1769–1771. He also was the commander of the Duke of Cu ...

File:Peter Waterhouse, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Lt.-Col. Peter Waterhouse by Lancelot Edward Wood ( Chelsea, London), fought in the

Battle of Corunna The Battle of Corunna (or ''A Coruña'', ''La Corunna'', ''La Coruña'' or ''La Corogne''), in Spain known as Battle of Elviña, took place on 16 January 1809, when a French corps under Marshal of the Empire Jean de Dieu Soult attacked a Briti ...

File:John James Snodgrass, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Lt.-Col. John James Snodgrass, fought in

Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo, Belgium, Waterloo (then in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars. The French Imperial Army (1804–1815), Frenc ...

(1815) File:Charles and John Inglis memorial, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, First Anglican Bishop in North America Charles Inglis File:Richard John Uniacke, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

Abolitionist Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the political movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was Kingdom of France, France in 1315, but it was later used ...

Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...

Richard John Uniacke File:Sampson Salters Blowers, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Chief Justice Sampson Salter Blowers, died 1842 – loyalist, instrumental in ending slavery in Nova Scotia File:Brenton Halliburton, St Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Chief Justice Brenton Halliburton, died 1860, presided over the Libel trial of Joseph Howe File:John Ritchie window, St. Paul's church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

Father of Confederation The Fathers of Confederation are the 36 people who attended at least one of the Charlottetown Conference of 1864 (23 attendees), the Quebec Conference of 1864 (33 attendees), and the London Conference of 1866 (16 attendees), preceding Canadian ...

Hon.

John William Ritchie John William Ritchie (March 26, 1808 – December 13 or 18, 1890) was a Canadian lawyer and politician from Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia who is one of the Fathers of Confederation. Appointed to the Nova Scotia legislative council as Solicitor Ge ...

, died 1890 File:Sir John Harvey, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.jpg, Lt. Gov. Sir John Harvey, fought in

Battle of Crysler's Farm The Battle of Crysler's Farm, also known as the Battle of Crysler's Field, was fought on 11 November 1813, during the War of 1812, in the British province of Upper Canada. A British and Upper Canadian force defeated a much larger American invas ...

File:Sir John Wentworth, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Lt. Gov. John Wentworth, Col of Royal Nova Scotia Regiment

Women

File:Eliza Ussher Plaque, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.jpg, Captain Sir Thomas Ussher's wife Eliza Ussher, died 1835 (large tomb in St. Paul's cemetery) File:Herbert Sawyer's Daughter Plaque, St Paul's Church, Halifax.jpg, Commander-in-Chief, North American Station Rear Admiral Herbert Sawyer's daughter Sophia Sawyer, died 1788 File:Esther Rowlands Monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Dr. David Rowlands' wife Esther Rowlands (gravestone in St. Paul's cemetery) File:ElizaRitchieLibraryArchivesCanada.jpg,

Suffragist Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vo ...

Eliza Ritchie (d.1933) and Sisters windows File:Isabella Binney Cogswell, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Philanthropist and Business woman Isabella Binney Cogswell, died1874

Silver communion service

The service originally consisted of five pieces: four pieces have the mark of King George I (2

flagons A flagon () is a large leather, metal, glass, plastic or ceramic vessel, used for storing and pouring drink, whether this be water, ale, or another liquid. They are generally not intended to be drunk from directly, like a cup. A flagon is typica ...

, a

Chalice A chalice (from Latin 'cup', taken from the Ancient Greek () 'cup') is a drinking cup raised on a stem with a foot or base. Although it is a technical archaeological term, in modern parlance the word is now used almost exclusively for the ...

and an alms receiver). Two of these pieces also have the mark of Queen Anne (a

flagon A flagon () is a large leather, metal, glass, plastic or ceramic vessel, used for storing and pouring drink, whether this be water, ale, or another liquid. They are generally not intended to be drunk from directly, like a cup. A flagon is typica ...

and the alms receiver), which are dated 1713. The fifth piece – the

paten A paten or diskos is a small plate used for the celebration of the Eucharist (as in a mass). It is generally used during the liturgy itself, while the reserved sacrament are stored in the tabernacle in a ciborium. Western usage In many Wes ...

– was damaged and melted down around 1819. All the pieces are made from

Britannia silver Britannia silver is an alloy of silver containing 11 ozt 10 dwt (i.e. 11½ troy oz.) silver in the pound troy, equivalent to , or 95.833% by weight (mass) silver, the rest usually being copper. This standard was introduced in England by Act o ...

. In 1783, Governor Parr had the service given to St. Paul's. The

silversmith A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver. The terms ''silversmith'' and ''goldsmith'' are not exact synonyms, as the techniques, training, history, and guilds are (or were, at least) largely the same but differed in that t ...

Francis Garthorne (1641–1729) marked all of the pieces with a "G" encircling a small Roman capital A. Garthorne's work is in the collections of

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

, New York City, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the

Royal Collection Trust The Royal Collection of the British royal family is the largest private art collection in the world. Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom, the collection is owned by King Charles III and overseen by the ...

. He created five of the ten Ceremonial maces now on display in the

Jewel House The Jewel House is a vault housing the British Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, Crown Jewels in the Waterloo Block (formerly a barracks) at the Tower of London. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 and refurbished in 2012. Regalia ...

at the

Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic citadel and castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamle ...

Sculptures

Some of the monuments in the church showcase sculptures by England's leading sculptors during the nineteenth century. All of whom exhibited their work at the

Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House in Piccadilly London, England. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its ...

and have their work in the

National Portrait Gallery (London) The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London that houses a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. When it opened in 1856, it was arguably the first national public gallery in the world th ...

, the

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the UK ...

, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,

Massachusetts State House The Massachusetts State House, also known as the Massachusetts Statehouse or the New State House, is the List of state capitols in the United States, state capitol and seat of government for the Massachusetts, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, lo ...

St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Paul the Apostle, is an Anglican cathedral in London, England, the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London in the Church of Engl ...

Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace () is a royal official residence, residence in London, and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and r ...

and

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British m ...

. There are two stone carvings by Samuel Nixon, one of a

shipwreck A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is located either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of ''shipwrecking'', which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately thre ...

and the other of the

Parable of the Good Samaritan The parable of the Good Samaritan is told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. It is about a traveler (implicitly understood to be Jewish) who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. A Jewish priest and then a Levite ...

. Nixon was commissioned by the City of London to create a statue of King

William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...

(1844), which

Gentleman's Magazine ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' was a monthly magazine founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1907, ceasing publication altogether in 1922. It was the first to use the term '' ...

called "a masterpiece" and an example of "artistic genius." Another sculpture was created by Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey (for Amelia Ann Smyth). Chantrey's most notable works include the statues of

King George IV George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. At the time of his accession to the throne, h ...

(

); King

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and ...

(

Guildhall A guildhall, also known as a guild hall or guild house, is a historical building originally used for tax collecting by municipalities or merchants in Europe, with many surviving today in Great Britain and the Low Countries. These buildings commo ...

), and

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

(

). He also executed four monuments to military heroes for

. (Chantrey's sculpture of Sir Walter Scott was commissioned for Victoria Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia.) There is also a sculpture by Richard Westmacott III (for Sampson Salter Blowers). Westmacoott was the son of Sir

Richard Westmacott Sir Richard Westmacott (15 July 17751 September 1856) was a British sculptor. Life and career Westmacott studied with his father, also named Richard Westmacott, at his studio in Mount Street, off Grosvenor Square in London before going to R ...

. Among Westmacott III's most notable works is the

pediment Pediments are a form of gable in classical architecture, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the cornice (an elaborated lintel), or entablature if supported by columns.Summerson, 130 In an ...

of the Royal Exchange (London); the monument commemorating Sir

John Franklin Sir John Franklin (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator. After serving in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, he led two expeditions into the Northern Canada, Canadia ...

( Greenwich Hospital). (Westmacott's uncle architect John Westmacott (d. 1816) is buried in the Old Burying Ground in Halifax, Nova Scotia.) There is a sculpture in St. Paul's Church by John Gibson (for Richard John Uniacke, Jr.) and a monument by William F. Woodington ( Henry Hezekiah Cogswell's monument to his children). Woodington's work includes statues on Westminster Bridge, Nelson's Column (Trafalgar Square), St. Paul's Cathedral, and the House of Lords. File:Richard Westmacott Jr. (1799-1872).png, Richard Westmacott III (1799–1872) File:Sampson Salter Blowers Monument by unknown, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Monument by Richard Westmacott III (for Sampson Salter Blowers, 1842) File:Hibbert Newton Binney's son Monument by Samuel Nixon, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

Shipwreck A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is located either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of ''shipwrecking'', which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately thre ...

by Samuel Nixon (for Hibbert Newton Binney's son and 11 lost crew) (1835) File:William Bruce Almon monument by Samuel Nixon, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

by Samuel Nixon (for William Bruce Almon, 1840) File:Francis Leggatt Chantrey (1782-1841' by Henri Bone after John Jackson.jpg, Francis Leggatt Chantrey File:George Stracey Smyth's wife monument by Francis Leggatt Chantrey, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Monument by Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey (for George Stracey Smyth's wife, 1817) File:John Gibson by Margaret Sarah Carpenter (née Geddes).jpg, John Gibson File:Richard John Uniacke Monument by John Gibson (inset) 2.jpg, Monument by John Gibson, Via Fontanella Studio,

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

(for Richard John Uniacke, Jr., 1834) File:William F. Woodington (1806 – 1893).png, William F. Woodington (1806–1893) File:Henry H. Cogswell children's monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, William F. Woodington (for Henry Hezekiah Cogswell's monument to his children, 1839)

Ministers (1749–1824)

* Rev. William Tutty (1749–1752) and his assistant, Rev. William Anwyl (1749–1750), * Rev. Jean-Baptiste Moreau (clergyman) (1750–1753) took on the role of Tutty's assistant; later became the 1st minister of St. John's Anglican Church (Lunenburg) * Rev. Thomas Wood (1752–1764) (assistant); 1st minister at Annapolis; buried at Garrison Cemetery (Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia) *Rev. John Breynton (1753–1791), first Rector * Charles Inglis, 1st Bishop of Nova Scotia, (1781), only minister buried in crypt * Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks (1785–1791), brother-in-law of Rev. Jacob Bailey *Rev. Robert Stanser (1791–1816), 2nd Bishop – his wife Mary Stanser, died 1815, is buried in the crypt *Rev. John Inglis (1816–1824), 3rd Bishop (appointed 1825, father of John Eardley Inglis). * Rev. John Thomas Twining (curate) (1817) * Rev. William Cogswell (minister) ( Henry Hezekiah Cogswell's son) (

curate A curate () is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' () of souls of a parish. In this sense, ''curate'' means a parish priest; but in English-speaking countries the term ''curate'' is commonly used to describe clergy who are as ...

), (1833–1847) * Rev. Robert Willis (minister) (1824–1865) File:RevThomasWood.png, Reverend Thomas Wood (1752–1764) File:John Breynton.png,

File:Charles Inglis by Robert Field.jpg, Charles Inglis. died 1816, 1st bishop File:Rev. Robert Stanser, Halifax, Nova Scotia.png, Rev. Robert Stanser, 2nd Bishop File:John Inglis.jpg, Rev. John Inglis, 3rd Bishop File:Rev. William Cogswell, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Rev. William Cogswell, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia File:Rev. Robert Willis portrait, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Rev. Robert Willis, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia

The crypt and commemorations

The

contains the remains of 20 congregants which are listed below. Also indicated below are those that have been commemorated in the church through a plaque, a hatchment or a window.

Founders of Halifax

File:GovernorOfNovaScotiaCharlesLawrence.jpg, Charles Lawrence. died 1760,

Governor of Nova Scotia The following is a list of the governors and lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia. Though the present day office of the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, lieutenant governor in Nova Scotia came into being only upon the province's entry into Can ...

, 1st person buried in the crypt; participated in the Battle at Chignecto and

File:CharlesMorrisStPaulsChurchHalifaxNovaScotia.jpg, Charles Morris, died 1781 –

Battle of Grand Pré The Battle of Grand Pré, also known as the Battle of Minas and the Grand Pré Massacre, was a battle in the mid-18th century King George's War that took place between New England forces and Canadian, Mi'kmaq, and Acadian forces at present-day G ...

; 2nd Chief Justice (1776–1778) (hatchment) File:MichaelFrancklinByJohnSingletonCopely.JPG,

, died 1782 File:RichardBulkeleyHalifaxNovaScotia.JPG, Richard Bulkeley, died 1800 File:Captain Philip Durell.jpg, Captain Philip Durell, died 1786 ( Sieges of Louisbourg in 1745 and

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) File:Cornwall Bulkeley Nesbitt Plaque, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

Edward Cornwallis Edward Cornwallis ( – 14 January 1776) was a British career military officer and member of the aristocratic Cornwallis family, who reached the rank of Lieutenant General. After Cornwallis fought in Scotland, putting down the Jacobite r ...

, Richard Bulkeley, William Nesbitt Plaque File:MontagueWilmot.jpg, Montague Wilmot File:Henry Newton, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Henry Newton, died 1802

American Revolution

File:PenobscotExpeditionBySerres.jpg, Francis McLean – led land forces to protect

during

, died 1781 – oldest stone memorial in church File:Baron Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann von SeitzHatchmentStPaulsHalifaxNovaScotia.JPG, Baron Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann von Seitz Hatchment, died 1782 - Hessian Commander File:Lord Charles Montagu, South Carolina Governor.png,

, (Loyalist)

(1766–1773) File:Combat naval de Louisbourg 1781.jpg, Capt Henry Francis Evans - led the naval forces to protect New Ireland; killed in the Naval Battle off Cape Breton (1781)(plaque) File:John Parr 1780.png, John Parr, died 1791, Governor of Nova Scotia, settled

Loyalists Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cr ...

in the colony (1782–1891) File:Chief Justice Bryan Finucane.jpg, Chief Justice Bryan Finucane, died 1785, 3rd chief justice (1778–1785) File:Sampson Salter Blowers 2.jpg, Chief Justice Sampson Salter Blowers, died 1842 – loyalist, instrumental in ending slavery in Nova Scotia (memorial template) * Lieutenant General William Neville Gardiner, died 1806, (crypt, no plaque) fought alongside Sir William Howe in the

Philadelphia campaign The Philadelphia campaign (1777–1778) was a British military campaign during the American Revolutionary War designed to gain control of Philadelphia, the Revolutionary-era capital where the Second Continental Congress convened, formed the ...

(1777) and was wounded in the

Battle of Monmouth The Battle of Monmouth, also known as the Battle of Monmouth Court House, was fought near the Village of Monmouth Court House, New Jersey, Monmouth Court House in modern-day Freehold Borough, New Jersey and Manalapan, New Jersey, Manalapan, on J ...

French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802)

File:JohnWentworthByRobertField.jpg, John Wentworth, died 1820, Governor of Nova Scotia (1792–1808) Vice-Admiral Sir Andrew Mitchell, 1757-1806.jpg, Vice-Admiral

Andrew Mitchell Sir Andrew John Bower Mitchell Order of St Michael and St George, KCMG (born 23 March 1956) is a British politician who was Shadow Foreign Secretary from July to November 2024 and served as Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom), Deputy Foreign S ...

, Commander-in-Chief, North American Station (1802–1806) wife, Lady Mary Mitchell, died 1825 – daughter of Richard John Uniacke * Lieutenant Colonel David Meredith, died 1809

Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)

File:Gravestone, HMS Shannon, 1813, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Gravestone for two crew members, , 1813 File:Captain Sir Thomas Ussher (1779–1848).png, Captain Sir Thomas Ussher's wife Eliza Ussher, died 1835 (plaque) File:Herbert Sawyer (1783–1833) by Robert Field.jpg, Herbert Sawyer's sister Sophia Sawyer, died 1788 (crypt, plaque) – Daughter of Rear Admiral Herbert Sawyer, Commander-in-Chief, North American Station (1785–1789) File:Esther Rowlands Monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Dr. David Rowlands' wife Esther Rowlands Monument * Lt. Col.

Peter Waterhouse (military officer) Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Waterhouse (5 September 1779 – 19 May 1823) was a British officer in the 81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers), 81st Regiment during the Napoleonic Wars. After the 1815 Waterloo campaign, the regiment serve ...

, c. 1823 81st Regiment of Foot (plaque; tomb in Old Burying Ground) * Lieutenant-Colonel John James Snodgrass (1796–1841), a British military officer, fought in the

(1815) and was an aide-de-camp to

Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet (12 March 1769 – 6 October 1843) was a British army officer. From 1824 to 1826, Gen. Campbell commanded the British forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War, the longest and most expensive war in British ...

and author. (plaque; tomb in Old Burying Ground) * John George Deware (Dewar), HMS ''Rose'', died 1830 (plaque; also gravestone in St. Paul's cemetery, and commemorative headstone in Borthwick Churchyard, Borthwick, Midlothian.)

Second Boer War

GeorgeBrentonLaurieStPaulsChurchHalifaxNovaScotia

* Stanley Banfield, d., 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles (plaque) * Capt. John Halliburton Laurie, died 1901, son of John Wimburn Laurie (plaque)

WW1

File:George Brenton Laurie Halifax Nova Scotia.png, George Brenton Laurie, died 1915, son of John Wimburn Laurie, (plaque) File:WW1DoorWayMonumentStPaulsChurchHalifaxNovaScotia.jpg, WW1 Doorway Arch - engraved with names of Nova Scotians who died (also commemorating William James Armitage who gathered the names of the war dead)

Other

* Lt. Gov. of Nova Scotia Peregrine Maitland's infant son George Bertie Maitland, (crypt) died 1831 *

Rear admiral Rear admiral is a flag officer rank used by English-speaking navies. In most European navies, the equivalent rank is called counter admiral. Rear admiral is usually immediately senior to commodore and immediately below vice admiral. It is ...

Leonard W. Murray, died 1971 – ashes in the Naval

Columbarium A columbarium (; pl. columbaria), also called a cinerarium, is a structure for the reverential and usually public storage of funerary urns holding cremated remains of the dead. The term comes from the Latin ''columba'' (dove) and originally solel ...

(Naval Vault) * Alfred Gilpin Jones * Charles Francis Norton, died 1835, 52nd Light Infantry (monument) * Capt. Douglas, HMS ''Sylph'', died 1813 *Sarah Mudge, died 1818 (crypt) * Captain John Oakes Hardy (Okes)'s, of , wife Susan (Woodcock) Hardy, daughter of Dr. Edward Woodcock rector at

Watford Watford () is a town and non-metropolitan district with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in Hertfordshire, England, northwest of Central London, on the banks of the River Colne, Hertfordshire, River Colne. Initially a smal ...

(member of Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge); married at

Edmonton Edmonton is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Central Alberta ...

Middlesex Middlesex (; abbreviation: Middx) is a Historic counties of England, former county in South East England, now mainly within Greater London. Its boundaries largely followed three rivers: the River Thames, Thames in the south, the River Lea, Le ...

, England, m. 1794, died 1799; Hardy commanding HMS ''St. Albans'' was part of the capture of ''l'Elizabeth'' French frigate, under Vice-Admiral George Murray, Aug, 28, 1796; Hardy commanding HMS ''Courageux'' for reduction of St. Lucia, 22 June 1803. * Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres – Governor of Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton is buried at St. George's Church * Window for Jane Tremaine, Sunday school Teacher for 65 years; only memorial Window destroyed in the explosion

Prominent families

Uniacke Family

The family of Richard John Uniacke is featured on many plaques and monuments in St. Paul's Church. On separate occasions, two Uniacke family members stood trial for murder. File:RichardJohnUniackeByRobertField.jpg, Richard John Uniacke File:Martha Uniacke.jpg, Martha Uniacke File:Mary Mitchell, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Mary (Uniacke) Mitchell (wife of

) File:Norman Fitzgerald Uniacke, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Norman Fitzgerald Uniacke File:RichardJohnUniackeJrMiniatureOnIvory.jpg, Richard John Uniacke, Jr. File:Andrew Mitchell Uniacke.jpg, Andrew Mitchell Uniacke File:Robie Uniacke window, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Robie Uniacke window, died 1904

Almon Family

There are numerous memorials to the family of Dr. William James Almon in the church. There were four generations of doctors in the family that had a significant impact on the field of medicine in the province. File:William James Almon by Robert Field, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, William James Almon, died 1817 File:Rebecca Byles Almon by Robert Field.png, Rebecca Byles Almon, died 1852, (plaque) wife of William James Almon; oldest child of Mather Byles File:William Bruce Almon monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, William Bruce Almon, died 1840 File:William Johnston Almon 1873.jpg, William Johnston Almon, died 1901 * Amelia Rebecca (Almon) Ritchie – daughter of William Bruce Almon – memorial plaque * John Egan Almon, died 1917 (plaque) * William Bruce Almon (1875–1940) (plaque)

Cogswell Family

The church features memorials for the family of Henry Hezekiah Cogswell. There are monuments placed to four of his children, three of which died while Henry was alive. His son Rev. William became a celebrated orator and author. File:HenryHezekiahCogswell.jpg, Henry Hezekiah Cogswell File:Henry H. Cogswell children's monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Henry H. Cogswell children's monument by William F. Woodington File:Isabella Binney Cogswell, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Cogswell monument to his daughter Isabella Binney Cogswell File:Rev. William Cogswell, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Rev. William Cogswell File:Rev. William Cogswell Monument, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Rev. William Cogswell Monument

Ritchie Family

The church features memorials for the family of Hon.

. There are memorial windows placed for a son and five of his daughters. His twelve children donated money for the memorial window on the south side of the church. File:John William Ritchie by William Valentine.png, Hon.

, died 1890 –

File:Ritchie Sisters Windows, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg,

Eliza Ritchie (d.1933) and Sisters window File:Ella Almon Ritchie, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Ella Almon Ritchie File:Joseph Norman Ritchie, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Joseph Norman Ritchie File:Thomas Ritchie, St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg, Thomas Ritchie

Notable events

Marriages

File:HoratioGatesByStuart crop.jpg,

is married to Elizabeth Phillips on October 20, 1754 File:Thomas Hardy - Project Gutenberg eText 16914.jpg, Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, married daughter of Sir George Cranfield Berkeley, 17 November 1807

Funerals

File:Pierre Malliard Plaque.jpg, Catholic Priest Pierre Maillard funeral is attended by large number of Mi'kmaq (1762) File:MichaelFrancklinByJohnSingletonCopely.JPG, NS Governor

funeral is attended by a large number of Mi'kmaq (1782) File:John Winslow - Project Gutenberg etext 20110.jpg, Funeral of John Winslow's brother Edward Winslow, died 1784 File:RichardBulkeleyHalifaxNovaScotia.JPG, Funeral for Richard Bulkeley, died 1800, was "the largest ever seen in Halifax." File:JamesLawrenceATcommons.jpg, Captain

James Lawrence James Lawrence (October 1, 1781 – June 4, 1813) was an officer of the United States Navy. During the War of 1812, he commanded in a single-ship action against , commanded by Philip Broke. He is probably best known today for his last words, ...

, (1813)

Royal visits

* Saint Paul's has a royal pew, and many royal guests have visited, including the father of Queen Victoria, Prince Edward, and Princesses Michael (1984), Margaret, Alexandra, and Elizabeth (Queen Elizabeth II), and Prince Edward in 1987. However, HRH Prince George, later to become King George V of the United Kingdom, declined to use the royal pew during his visits to Halifax as the commander of (1891). File:William IV by Sir Martin Archer Shee.jpg, Prince William Henry - later

King William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...

attended (1786) File:Prince Edward By William J Weaver.png, Prince Edward attended (1794) File:Prince Albert Edward Prince of Wales later King Edward VII by Sergei Levitsky.jpg, Prince Edward, later

King Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and ...

attended (1860) File:Kinggeorgev1928.jpg,

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...

(1891)

Halifax Explosion

St. Paul's Church played a significant role in the

. Doctors used the church as an emergency hospital, using the two

vestries A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government of a parish in England, Wales and some English colonies. At their height, the vestries were the only form of local government in many places and spent nearly one-fi ...

to tend to the wounded, while the bodies of the dead were stacked on top of each other around the walls of the

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

. Only one stained glass window was broken in the church; however, most of the other windows were smashed, and there were wide cracks in the roof. It was the only church in the city considered safe enough to conduct a service the following day. All the congregations used the church to conduct funerals. There remains two artifacts in the church from this disaster: the "Explosion Window", which shattered to form a silhouette of a man's head and shoulders. The congregation concluded that the silhouette is the likeness of Abbe Moreau, who arrived with Cornwallis. There is also a piece of a steel window frame that remains embedded in the wall of the vestibule above the inside doors to the church.

References

Texts * J. Philip McAleer. A pictorial history of St. Paul's Anglican Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia 1 edition Appendix 2, 1993 *
Memorials at St. Paul's Church, Acadiensis, p. 58

History of St. Paul's Church. PART 1. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical SocietyHistory of St. Paul's Church. PART 2. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society
*C.E. Thomas. St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Revisited. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1961. Vol. 33, pp. 26–27. * Harris, V, The Church of St Paul, Halifax, Nova Scotia 1749–1949 (Toronto: 1949) * The Chancel of St. Paul's Anglican Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Form Follows Convenience by J. PHILIP McALEER RACAR: Revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review, Vol. 17, No. 1 (1990), pp. 46–53, 99–101 Endnotes

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Paul's Church, Halifax Anglican church buildings in Nova Scotia Historic buildings and structures in Nova Scotia Religious organizations established in 1749 18th-century Anglican church buildings in Canada Churches in Halifax, Nova Scotia Churches completed in 1750 National Historic Sites in Nova Scotia Churches on the National Historic Sites of Canada register