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The
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
''Sphenomorphus'' – vernacularly also known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "
wastebin taxon Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by e ...
" for numerous
skink Skinks are a type of lizard belonging to the family (biology), family Scincidae, a family in the Taxonomic rank, infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one o ...
s. While most or all
species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely to be not
monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
and is in need of review. Some species in this genus have been moved to '' Pinoyscincus''. The namesake of the ''Sphenomorphus'' group of
Lygosominae Lygosominae is the largest subfamily of skinks in the family Scincidae. The subfamily can be divided into a number of genus groups. If the rarely used taxonomic rank of infrafamily is employed, the genus groups would be designated as such, but s ...
genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
, most species would probably occupy a rather basal position therein.


Species

*''
Sphenomorphus acutus The pointed-headed sphenomorphus (''Sphenomorphus acutus'') is a species of skink found in the Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Loc ...
'' – pointed-headed sphenomorphus *''
Sphenomorphus aignanus ''Sphenomorphus aignanus'' is a species of skink found in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus alfredi ''Sphenomorphus alfredi'' is a species of skink, a lizard in the Family (biology), family Scincidae. The species is Endemism, endemic to Malaysia near Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, and Borneo. Etymology The Specific name (zoology), specific name, ''al ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus annamiticus The Perak forest skink or starry forest skink (''Sphenomorphus annamiticus'') is a species of skink found in Vietnam and Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asi ...
'' – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus annectens ''Sphenomorphus annectens'' is a species of lizard in the genus ''Sphenomorphus'' of the family Scincidae, described by George Albert Boulenger in 1897.Boulenger, G. A. (1897) An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. L. Loria ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus anomalopus The long-toed forest skink (''Sphenomorphus anomalopus'') is a species of skink found in Malaysia and Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian ...
'' – long-toed forest skink *''
Sphenomorphus anotus ''Sphenomorphus anotus'' is a species of skink found in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea an ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus apalpebratus ''Sphenomorphus apalpebratus'' is a species of skink found in India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List ...
'' *''
Sphenomorphus bacboensis ''Sphenomorphus bacboensis'' is a species of skink found in Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of ov ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus bignelli'' *'' Sphenomorphus brunneus'' *'' Sphenomorphus buenloicus'' *'' Sphenomorphus buettikoferi'' *'' Sphenomorphus cameronicus'' – Cameron Highlands forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus capitolythos'' *'' Sphenomorphus celebensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus cinereus'' *'' Sphenomorphus concinnatus'' – elegant forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus consobrinus'' *'' Sphenomorphus cophias'' – Tahan Mountain forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus courcyanus'' *'' Sphenomorphus cranei'' – Crane’s skink *'' Sphenomorphus crassus'' *'' Sphenomorphus cryptotis'' *'' Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus'' – blue-headed forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus darlingtoni'' *'' Sphenomorphus dekkerae'' *'' Sphenomorphus derooyae'' *'' Sphenomorphus diwata'' – diwata sphenomorphus *'' Sphenomorphus dussumieri'' – Dussumier's forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus fasciatus'' – banded sphenomorphus *'' Sphenomorphus forbesi'' – slender litter skink *'' Sphenomorphus fragilis'' *'' Sphenomorphus fragosus'' *'' Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus grandisonae'' – Grandison’s forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus granulatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus haasi'' *'' Sphenomorphus helenae'' – Notaburi forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus incognitus'' *'' Sphenomorphus indicus'' – Indian forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus jobiensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus latifasciatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus'' – line-spotted forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus longicaudatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus loriae'' *'' Sphenomorphus louisiadensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus maculatus'' – spotted forest skink, maculated forest skink, stream-side skink *'' Sphenomorphus maculicollus'' *'' Sphenomorphus maindroni'' *'' Sphenomorphus malaisei'' *'' Sphenomorphus malayanus'' – Malayan forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus melanopogon'' *'' Sphenomorphus meyeri'' *'' Sphenomorphus microtympanum'' *'' Sphenomorphus mimicus'' – dwarf forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus mimikanus'' *'' Sphenomorphus minutus'' *'' Sphenomorphus modiglianii'' *'' Sphenomorphus muelleri'' – forest skink, ''Müllers Kielskink'' *'' Sphenomorphus multisquamatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus murudensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus necopinatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus neuhaussi'' *'' Sphenomorphus nigriventris'' *''
Sphenomorphus nigrolabris ''Sphenomorphus nigrolabris'' is a species of skink found in Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Compr ...
'' *'' Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus oligolepis'' *'' Sphenomorphus orientalis'' *'' Sphenomorphus papuae'' *'' Sphenomorphus phuquocensis'' – Phu Quoc Island forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus praesignis'' – blotched forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus pratti'' *'' Sphenomorphus preylangensis'' – Prey Lang forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus puncticentralis'' *'' Sphenomorphus rarus'' *'' Sphenomorphus rufus'' *'' Sphenomorphus sabanus'' – Sabah slender skink *'' Sphenomorphus sanana'' *'' Sphenomorphus sanctus'' – Java forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus sarasinorum'' *'' Sphenomorphus schlegeli'' *'' Sphenomorphus schultzei'' *'' Sphenomorphus scotophilus'' – Selangor forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus scutatus'' – Palau ground skink *'' Sphenomorphus senja'' *'' Sphenomorphus sheai'' – Shea's forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus shelfordi'' *'' Sphenomorphus simus'' – common forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus solomonis'' *'' Sphenomorphus stellatus'' – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus striolatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus sungaicolus'' *'' Sphenomorphus taiwanensis'' *'' Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi'' *'' Sphenomorphus tanneri'' – Tanner’s skink *'' Sphenomorphus taylori'' – Taylor’s Solomon skink *'' Sphenomorphus tenuiculus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tersus'' – Nakhon Si-Thammarat forest skink, Thai forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus tetradactylus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tonkinensis'' – Tonkin forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus transversus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tridigitus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus tropidonotus'' *'' Sphenomorphus undulatus'' – wavy-backed forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus vanheurni'' *'' Sphenomorphus variegatus'' *'' Sphenomorphus wau'' *'' Sphenomorphus wollastoni'' *'' Sphenomorphus woodfordi'' *'' Sphenomorphus yersini'' – Yersin’s forest skink *'' Sphenomorphus zimmeri'' ''"Hinulia" elegans'', described by
Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
in 1838, is unidentified, but may be ''Eulamprus tenuis'',Shea & Michels (2008). which is also known as '' Concinnia tenuis'' (Gray, 1831).


Geographic range

Species of ''Sphenomorphus'' are found mainly in
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...
but have also been found in
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
and northwards to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
.


References


Further reading

* Fitzinger L (1843). ''Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae.'' Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices. (''Sphenomorphus'', new genus, p. 23). (in Latin).


External links

* (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered ''Leiolopisma'' skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 39 (2): 503–511. (HTML abstract) * (2006). "The Southeast Asian scincid lizard ''Siaphos tridigitus'' Bourret, 1939 (Reptilia, Scincidae): a second specimen". ''Zoosystema'' 28 (3): 785-790
PDF fulltext
* (2008). "A replacement name for ''Sphenomorphus keiensis'' (Kopstein, 1926) from the southeastern Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) with a redescription of the species". ''
Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...
Leiden'' 82 (52): 737-747
PDF
{{Authority control Lizard genera Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger