Specialization or Specialized may refer to:

Academia

Academic specialization In academy, academia, specialization (or American and British English spelling differences#-ise.2C_-ize_.28-isation.nffe2C_-ization.29, specialisation) may refer to a course of study or Academic major, major at an academic institution, or may refe ...

, may be a course of study or major at an academic institution or may refer to the field in which a specialist practices *

Specialty (medicine) A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy. Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (pediatrics), cancer (oncology), ...

, a branch of medical practice

Biology

Cellular differentiation Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellula ...

, the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type *

, a branch of medical science *

Generalist and specialist species A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of en ...

, in biology and ecology

Computer science

Partial template specialization Partial template specialization is a particular form of class template specialization. Usually used in reference to the C++ programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Programming langu ...

, a particular form of class template specialization *

Template specialization Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of data types ''to-be-specified-later'' that are then ''instantiated'' when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneer ...

, a style of computer programming which allows alternative implementations to be provided based on certain characteristics of the parameterized type that is being instantiated

Economics and industry

Departmentalization Departmentalization (or departmentalisation) refers to the process of "grouping the organizational activities and structure into departments". Division of labour creates Expert, specialists who need :wikt:coordination, coordination and the coordi ...

, refers to the process of grouping activities into departments *

Division of labour The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise ( specialisation). Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialised capabilities, a ...

, the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles * Economic specialization, the separation of tasks within an economy * Flexible Specialization (Post-Fordism), a name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century *

Network governance Network governance is "interfirm coordination that is characterized by organic or informal social system, in contrast to bureaucratic structures within firms and formal relationships between them. The concepts of privatization, public private par ...

, also known as Flexible Specialization

Linguistics

Specialization (linguistics) Grammaticalization (also known as grammatization or grammaticization) is a linguistic process in which words change from representing objects or actions to serving grammatical functions. Grammaticalization can involve content words, such as nouns ...

Specialized English Specialized English is a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers of English. It is derived from Voice of America (VoA) Special English Learning English (previously known as Special ...

, a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers

Mathematics

Specialization (pre)order In the branch of mathematics known as topology, the specialization (or canonical) preorder is a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space. For most spaces that are considered in practice, namely for all those that satisfy the ...

, a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space * Ring of symmetric functions#Specializations, an algebra homomorphism from the ring of symmetric functions to a commutative algebra. *

Specialization (logic) In logic, especially as applied in mathematics, concept is a special case or specialization of concept precisely if every instance of is also an instance of but not vice versa, or equivalently, if is a generalization of .Brown, James Robert.� ...

Organizations

SCT Logistics SCT Logistics is an Australian interstate transport company operating rail and road haulage, with facilities in Brisbane, Sydney, Parkes, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. History SCT Logistics was founded in 1974 as Specialised Container T ...

, transport company in Australia that formally traded as Specialised Container Transport *

Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union The Specialised Technical Committees are bodies in the African Union responsible to the Executive Council. They include: * The Specialised Technical Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs. * The Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy ...

Specialized Technology Resources Specialized Technology Resources, abbreviated as STR, was an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut. It had two divisions – Solar Cell Encapsulant Manufacturing and Quality Assurance Services for Consumer Products. On Septembe ...

, an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut *

Specialized System Consultants Specialized System Consultants (SSC), is a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals. SSC properties have at various times included LinuxGazette.com, ITgarage.com, the monthly international print magazine ''Linux Journ ...

, a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals *

Specialized Bicycle Components Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., colloquially known as and stylized as SPECIALIZED, is an American company that designs, manufactures and markets bicycles, bicycle components and related products under the brand name "Specialized", the prem ...

, a company making bicycles and bicycle components

Psychology

Cognitive specialization Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ima ...

, refers to the theory that learning certain skills inhibits the ability to learn related but dissimilar skills *

Interactive specialization Interactive Specialization is a theory of brain development proposed by the British developmental cognitive neuroscientist Mark Johnson, formerly head of the Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development at Birkbeck, University of London, London and ...

, a theory of brain development

Other uses

Specialized Mobile Radio A Trunked Radio System (TRS) is a two-way radio system that uses a control channel to automatically assign frequency channels to groups of user radios. In a traditional half-duplex land mobile radio system a group of users (a ''talkgroup'') with ...

, analog or digital trunked two-way radio system