Spartocus I () was the founder and first ruler of the
Spartocid dynasty in the
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (; ), was an ancient Greco-Scythians, Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day ...
. He usurped the former rulers of the Bosporus, the
Archaeanactids, after being a mercenary under their command sometime in 438 BC.
Life and Reign
Little to nothing is known of Spartocus' early life. He may have been a member of the
Odrysian dynasty of rulers in Thrace, possibly making him of Thracian origin, but this is disputed. Around 438 BC, he seized the tyranny from the Archaeanactids either peacefully or by force, possibly using his background to get control of the Bosporan army. He also forged trade agreements with the
Athenians
Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...
, though not to the extent of his grandson
Leukon. In a speech before an audience of Athenians in the years 395-390 BCE, he was said to have considered the Athenians the most "important of the Greeks" and provided them first with his grain.
He also played a small, yet notable part in the
Bosporan wars of expansion, a series of wars and conflicts that would expand his dynasty's realm.
Succession
Spartocus was succeeded by his sons Seleucus and
Satyrus who jointly reigned together. Satyrus continued his father's aggressive policy of expansion and his grandson after him, creating a powerful kingdom in the Cimmerian Bosporus. His dynasty would endure some 300 years, and he would have at least 5 descendants to bear his name.
References
{{Bosporan kings
Monarchs of the Bosporan Kingdom
5th-century BC monarchs
Spartocid dynasty