Spanish Conjugation

This article presents a set of paradigms—that is, conjugation tables—of Spanish verbs, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common irregular verbs. For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs.

The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice. The progressive aspects (also called "continuous tenses") are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''estar'' + gerund, and the perfect constructions are formed by using the appropriate tense of ''haber'' + past participle. When the past participle is used in this way, it invariably ends with ''-o''. In contrast, when the participle is used as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun modified. Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ''ser'' to form the "true" ( dynamic) passive voice (e.g. ''La carta fue escrita ayer'' 'The letter was written ot writtenyesterday.'), and also when it is used with ''estar'' to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in ''La carta ya está escrita'' 'The letter is already written.').

The pronouns ''yo, tú, vos,The pronoun ''vos'' and its verb forms are used in large areas of Central and South America for the second-person singular in the "familiar" or informal register, generally replacing (but in some areas coexisting with) ''tú''. In Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay it is used in the formal register (but the familiar or T form of address). See Voseo. él, nosotros, vosotrosThe second-person plural familiar pronoun ''vosotros'' / ''vosotras'' is used only in Spain (except for the Canary Islands) and Equatorial Guinea; in the Americas its function is carried by ''ustedes''.'' and ''ellos'' are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, ''él'', ''ella'', or ''usted'' can be replaced by a noun phrase, or the verb can appear with impersonal ''se'' and no subject (e.g. ''Aquí se vive bien'', 'One lives well here'). The first-person plural expressions ''nosotros'', ''nosotras'', ''tú y yo'', or ''él y yo'' can be replaced by a noun phrase that includes the speaker (e.g. ''Los estudiantes tenemos hambre'', 'We students are hungry'). The same comments hold for ''vosotros'' and ''ellos''.

Regular verbs

''-ar'' conjugation (''amar'', 'to love')

''-er'' conjugation (''temer'', 'to fear')

''-ir'' conjugation (''partir'', 'to split/depart')

Irregular verbs

''ser'', 'to be (in essence)'

This is an Oy-Yo verb.
Stem: s-, fu-, er-, se-.

There are two ways to say "To be" in Spanish: ''ser'' and ''estar''. They both mean "to be", but they are used in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ''ser'' is used to describe permanent or almost permanent conditions and ''estar'' to describe temporary ones.

''estar'', 'to be (in a state)'

''haber'', 'to have (aux.)'

Stem: hab-, h-, habr-, hay-, hub- (a-u)

''tener'', 'to have (possession)'

This is a G-Verb.

''ir'', 'to go'

''conocer'', 'to know (to be acquainted with); to get acquainted with'

''conducir'', 'to drive'

This is a -ducir verb.

See also

* Spanish verbs

References

External links

How is my Spanish: Spanish conjugation charts
Spanish conjugation chart. Chart to conjugate in 7 different Spanish tenses.
SpanishBoat: Verb conjugation worksheets in all Spanish tenses
Printable and online exercises for teachers and students...
Espagram: verb conjugator
Spanish verb conjugator. Contains about a million of verb forms.

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Conjugation
Indo-European verbs