Sosthène Fernandez

Lieutenant general Sosthène Fernandez (; born on 28 November 1923 in Phnom Penh; died 2006 in France) was the Commander-in-Chief of the Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK) and chief of general staff of the Khmer Republic after Prince Sihanouk was deposed as head of state in 1970. Prior to 1970, he was a prominent politician and a former chief of the police.

Life and career

General Fernandez was born in Phnom Penh to Samson Fernandez, a magistrate and Health and Justice Minister of Filipino descent, and an ethnic Khmer mother born in Vietnam.

A grandson of a band master in the royal court, General Fernandez's Filipino roots traces back to San Narciso in the Philippine province of Zambales. King Norodom I made a royal visit to the Philippines in 1872, and brought with him Filipino musicians on his return to Cambodia. Among them was Ángel Labrador Fernández, a native of San Narciso, and a ''maestro'' who helped form and train the Royal Reed and Brass Band for King Norodom's court. Ángel's son, Samson, briefly joined the teaching service and was naturalized as a French subject in 1915 and took up law studies, and by 1928 was appointed as a local magistrate. In the 1940s, he co-founded the Liberal Party along with Prince Norindeth, and was elected to parliament in 1951 and served under various ministry portfolios, notably became the Health and Justice Minister of Cambodia in the 1950s and 1960s.

General Fernandez graduated and commissioned in the French military in 1947, and was assigned in Battambang where he met his wife. In the 1960s Colonel Fernandez served as Secretary of State for National Security.

In 1975, because of the cutting of US aid, the republican government's leaders wanted to stop the war unconditionally. However, Fernandez refused to negotiate with the Khmer Rouge if the government ordered FANK to lay down their arms during the negotiation; for this reason, he resigned as army chief. Fernandez and Lon Nol left the country before the Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh in 1975. All the republicans wanted to stop the Civil War in Cambodia. Several others officials such as Long Boret, Lon Non and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak remained in office until the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975, thinking that they would be spared through the intercession of Norodom Sihanouk, who had sided with the communists. However, Long, Lon, and Prince Sirik Matak and other Khmer Republic officials were summarily executed by the victorious Khmer Rouge.

In 1998 General Fernandez returned to Cambodia to meet his former soldiers, and wrote a book about his life as the Commander-in-Chief of the Khmer National Armed Forces. He later left the country to become a roving ambassador.

Death

In 2006 Fernandez died in France, aged 82, due to complications from diabetes.

Notes

References

* Mémoires of General Sosthène Fernandez : "mémoires d'une guerre oubliée" site amazone.fr, Book published in mars 2015
*Elizabeth Becker, ''When the War was over Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution'', PublicAffairs, Revised edition 1998. , 1891620002
* Preston, Paul et al. ''British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1951 through 1956. Asia, 1951-1956, Volume 5'', LexisNexis, 2007,
*Kenneth Conboy, ''FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975'', Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, Djakarta 2011.
*Kenneth Conboy, Kenneth Bowra, and Mike Chappell, ''The War in Cambodia 1970-75'', Men-at-arms series 209, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1989.
*Justin Corfield and Laura Summers, ''Historical Dictionary of Cambodia'', Asian/Oceanian Historical Dictionaries No. 43, Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford 2003. �

*Sak Sutsakhan, ''The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse'', U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington D.C. 1980. – available online at Vietnam.ttu.ed
Part 1 PDFPart 2 (PDF)Part 3 (PDF)Part 4 (PDF)

External links

Origine des Fernandez''United States: Senate and congress''The FANK commander-in-chief and the Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic (Cambodia) held a joint press conference in Phnom Penh, 21 November 1974.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez, Sosthene
1923 births
2006 deaths
Cambodian anti-communists
Cambodian exiles
Cambodian generals
Cambodian Roman Catholics
Khmer Krom people
Cambodian people of Filipino descent
People from Phnom Penh
People of the Vietnam War