Groveland is a

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

in Livingston County,

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

, United States. The population was 3,249 at the 2010 census. The town is centrally located in the county, south of Geneseo.

History

The

Sullivan Expedition The 1779 Sullivan Expedition (also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, the Sullivan Campaign, and the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign) was a United States military campaign under the command of General John Sullivan (general), John Sullivan duri ...

(1779) reached its farthest extent here. Groveland was the site of the Boyd and Parker ambush. In 1792, the first planned European American settlement in Livingston County was located in Groveland and was called "Willamsburgh" after Sir William Pulteney, a land speculator. The town was formed in 1789 as part of Ontario County, later becoming part of Livingston County when it was formed in 1821. Part of Groveland was used to form part of the town of Conesus (1819). The Groveland Shaker Village settlement was established in 1836 on a farm at the hamlet of Sonyea. Their peak in population was 148 members that year, when they moved from their former location at Sodus. The

Shakers The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, more commonly known as the Shakers, are a Millenarianism, millenarian Restorationism, restorationist Christianity, Christian sect founded in England and then organized in the Unit ...

sold the Sonyea property in 1892 due to declining membership, and moved to Watervliet. Their former buildings and land became the

Craig Colony for Epileptics Craig Colony for Epileptics was a residential facility for Epilepsy, epileptics in Sonyea, New York, Sonyea, Livingston County, New York, US. History Situated at a former Shakers, Shaker colony, the facility was established in 1896 on . Its in ...

in 1896 and are now part of the Groveland Correctional Facility. The

Claud No. 1 Archeological Site Claud No. 1 Archeological Site is an archaeological site located at Groveland in Livingston County, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal governm ...

was added to the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...

in 1975. The Boyd & Parker Park and Groveland Ambuscade were also listed on the National Register in 2009.

Notable people

Josiah Begole Josiah Williams Begole (January 20, 1815June 5, 1896) was an American politician serving as a U.S. Representative from 1873 to 1875 and the 19th governor of Michigan from 1883 to 1885. Early life in New York Begole was born in Groveland, New Y ...

(1815–1896), former governor of Michigan; born in Groveland * Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Whig congressman for New York, 1843–47 * John Vance Cheney (1848–1922), poet, essayist and librarian; born in Groveland * Charles A. Goheen (1843–1899), Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War * Daniel Kelly (1841–1912), Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War * James Rosebrugh Leaming (1820–1892), noted physician specializing in heart and lung diseases, author, and teacher * Walter W. Magee (1861–1927), Republican congressman for New York, 1915–27 *

Elizabeth Smith Miller Elizabeth Smith Miller ( Smith; September 20, 1822 – May 23, 1911), known as "Libby", was an American advocate and financial supporter of the women's rights movement.NY History Net (April 21, 2011). Biography Elizabeth Smith was born Septembe ...

(1822–1911), dress reformer and women's rights activist; native of Groveland

Geography

According to the

United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...

, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.82%, are water.

Conesus Lake Conesus Lake is located in Livingston County, New York. Conesus Lake is one of New York's twelve Finger Lakes. It is located off Interstate 390 about south of Interstate 90. Description Conesus Lake is long, with a maximum depth of . I ...

, one of the

Finger Lakes The Finger Lakes are a group of eleven long, narrow, roughly north–south lakes located directly south of Lake Ontario in an area called the ''Finger Lakes region'' in New York (state), New York, in the United States. This region straddles th ...

, forms part of the eastern boundary.

Canaseraga Creek Canaseraga Creek is a stream that flows through Livingston, Steuben, and Allegany Counties in western and central New York. It is a tributary of the Genesee River, and its watershed is the largest sub-watershed of that river. The creek's n ...

, a north-flowing tributary of the

Genesee River The Genesee River ( ) is a tributary of Lake Ontario flowing northward through the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York (state), New York in the United States. The river contains several waterfalls in New York at Letchworth State Park and Roch ...

, crosses the southwest part of the town through a broad valley.

Interstate 390 Interstate 390 (I-390) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway located entirely within New York (state), New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at the Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 in New Yor ...

passes north-to-south through the town. New York State Route 36,

New York State Route 63 New York State Route 63 (NY 63) is a state highway in the western part of New York (state), New York in the United States. It extends for in a generally southeast–northwest direction from an intersection with New York State Route 15 ...

, and

New York State Route 256 New York State Route 256 (NY 256) is a north–south state highway located within Livingston County, New York, in the United States. It extends for across mostly rural terrain from an intersection with New York State Route 63, NY ...

are north-south highways through the town. New York State Route 408 is a highway terminating in the western part of the town at NY-63. Groveland is on the Rochester-to- Dansville line of the Rochester & Southern Railroad. From 1882–1963, Groveland was on the Main Line of the

Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, also known as the DL&W or Lackawanna Railroad, was a U.S. Class 1 railroad that connected Buffalo, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey, and by ferry with New York City, a distance of . The railroad was ...

(DL&W) and successor

Erie Lackawanna Railroad The Erie Lackawanna Railway , known as the Erie Lackawanna Railroad until 1968, was formed from the 1960 merger of the Erie Railroad and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. The official motto of the line was "The Friendly Service Route ...

. In 1963, the Main Line over Dansville Hill from Groveland to Wayland was abandoned by order of the

Interstate Commerce Commission The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later Trucking industry in the United States, truc ...

upon application by the Erie Lackawanna Railroad, which had secured much lesser grades on the former Erie Railroad via Hornell. The portion of today's R&S line west and north of Groveland was originally part of the DL&W, while the portion between Groveland and Dansville was part of the

Dansville and Mount Morris Railroad The Dansville and Mount Morris Railroad is a short line railroad located in Dansville, New York. The Dansville and Mount Morris Railroad first opened in the 1870s. It extended the entire length from Dansville to Mount Morris, New York. The lin ...

and predecessors.

Adjacent towns and areas

(

Clockwise Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions or senses of rotation. Clockwise motion (abbreviated CW) proceeds in the same direction as a clock's hands relative to the observer: from the top to the right, then down and then to ...

) * Geneseo * Conesus *

Sparta Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement in the Evrotas Valley, valley of Evrotas (river), Evrotas rive ...

; West Sparta * Mount Morris

Demographics

As of the

census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...

of 2000, there were 3,853 people, 555 households, and 396 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 649 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 60.06%

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

, 32.44%

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

, 0.26% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 6.46% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races.

Hispanic The term Hispanic () are people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or broadly. In some contexts, Hispanic and Latino Americans, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an Ethnici ...

or Latino of any race were 15.23% of the population. There were 555 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were

married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...

living together, 6.7% had a female householder, and 28.6% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population was spread out, with 9.9% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 54.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 411.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 529.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $46,797, and the median income for a family was $48,828. Males had a median income of $24,353 versus $26,477 for females. The

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such ...

for the town was $13,433. About 7.7% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the

poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...

, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Groveland

*Cottonwood Point – A hamlet on the shore of Conesus Lake and on NY-256. *East Groveland – A

hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...

in the northeast part of the town. *Gray Corners – A location south of Maple Beach. *Groveland – The hamlet of Groveland is by the south town line on NY-63 and is part of the "Groveland Station"

census-designated place A census-designated place (CDP) is a Place (United States Census Bureau), concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counte ...

. The Sparta First Presbyterian Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. *Groveland Corners – A hamlet in the central part of the town, north of Groveland village. * Groveland Correctional Facility – A state

prison A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, or remand center, is a facility where Prisoner, people are Imprisonment, imprisoned under the authority of the State (polity), state ...

by the west town line, near Sonyea. *Hampton Corners – A location in the northwest part of the town on NY-63. The Black and White Farm Barn was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. *Hunts Corners – A former community in the northeast part of the town. *Maple Beach – A location on Conesus Lake, south of Cottonwood Point on NY-256. *Ross Corners – A location by the south town line. *Sonyea – A hamlet in the southwest part of the town on NY-36. The name could translate to “burning sun” or “hot valley," or comes from “Son-He," a Seneca name meaning Thou Art Living There) or from Seneca Captain Snow (Soyeawa). A persistent rumor began that the name was an acronym for the State Of New York Epileptic Asylum, but the name Sonyea was used in the early 1800s, long before Craig Colony for Epileptics opened in 1896. *Tuscarora – The First Presbyterian Church of Tuscarora was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. *Williamsburgh – A former community in the town that was the site of the first planned European American settlement, although it was soon abandoned. All of the hamlets listed on the shore of Conesus Lake are part of the

References

External links

*
Brief history of Groveland, NY
{{Coord, 42, 39, 53, N, 77, 46, 11, W, type:city_region:US-NY, display=title Rochester metropolitan area, New York Populated places established in 1792 Towns in Livingston County, New York Towns in New York (state) 1792 establishments in New York (state)