Situation comedy

A sitcom, a portmanteau of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who mostly carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience. Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms.

A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the program's production format. The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track.

Critics disagree over the utility of the term "sitcom" in classifying shows that have come into existence since the turn of the century. Many contemporary American sitcoms use the single-camera setup and do not feature a laugh track, thus often resembling the dramedy shows of the 1980s and 1990s rather than the traditional sitcom.

History

The terms "situation comedy" or "sitcom" were not commonly used until the 1950s. There were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be '' Pinwright's Progress'', ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. In the United States, director and producer William Asher has been credited with being the "man who invented the sitcom","William Asher – The Man Who Invented the Sitcom"
''Palm Springs Life'' Dec. 1999 having directed over two dozen of the leading sitcoms, including '' I Love Lucy'', from the 1950s through the 1970s.

By country

Australia

There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many US and UK sitcoms have been successful there. Sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies '' Bless This House'' and '' Are You Being Served?'' had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time.Collier, Shayne. Again and again and again. ''The Sydney Morning Herald – The Guide'': 2 June 1986, p.1, 6

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In 1981, '' Daily at Dawn'' was the first Australian comedy series to feature a regular gay character (Terry Bader as journalist Leslie).

In 1987, '' Mother and Son'' was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission.

In 2007, '' Kath & Kim''s first episode of series four attracted an Australian audience of 2.521 million nationally, the highest rating ever for a first episode in the history of Australian television, until the series premiere of '' Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities'' in 2009 with 2.58 million viewers.

In 2013, '' Please Like Me'' received an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris, was praised by critics and has garnered numerous awards and nominations.
Also in 2013, '' At Home With Julia'' was criticised by several social commentators as inappropriately disrespectful to the office of Prime Minister,
the show nevertheless proved very popular both with television audiences — becoming the most watched Australian scripted comedy series of 2011 — and with television critics. Nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series.

Canada

Although there have been a number of notable exceptions, Canadian television networks have generally fared poorly with their sitcom offerings, with relatively few Canadian sitcoms attaining notable success in Canada or internationally."Why do Canadian sitcoms suck?"
'' canada.com'', March 21, 2014. Canadian television has had much greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series.

The popular show ''King of Kensington'' aired from 1975 to 1980, drawing an average of 1.5 to 1.8 million viewers weekly at its peak.

'' Corner Gas'', which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards.

Other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included '' Call Me Fitz'', ''Schitt's Creek'', '' Letterkenny'' and '' Kim's Convenience'', all of which have been winners of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Comedy Series.

India

Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like '' Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi'' (1984) and '' Wagle Ki Duniya'' (1988) on the state-run Doordarshan channel. Gradually, as private channels were allowed, many more sitcoms followed in the 1990s, such as '' Dekh Bhai Dekh'' (1993), '' Zabaan Sambhalke'' (1993), '' Shrimaan Shrimati'' (1995), '' Office Office'' (2001), Ramani Vs Ramani (2001), '' Amrutham'' (Telugu 2001–2007), '' Khichdi'' (2002), '' Sarabhai vs Sarabhai'' (2005) to '' F.I.R.'' (2006–2015), '' Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'' (2008–present), '' Uppum Mulakum'' (Malayalam 2015–present), and '' Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain'' (2015–present). SAB TV is one of the leading channels of India dedicated entirely to Sitcoms.

Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is the longest running sitcom of Indian television and is known as the flagship show of SAB TV.

Mexico

'' El Chavo del Ocho'', which ran from 1971 to 1980, was the most watched show in the Mexican television and had a Latin American audience of 350 million viewers per episode at its peak of popularity during the mid-1970s. The show continues to be popular in Hispanic America as well as in Brazil, Spain, the United States, and other countries, with syndicated episodes averaging 91 million daily viewers in all of the markets where it is distributed in the Americas. Since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa.

New Zealand

'' Gliding On'', a popular sitcom in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won multiple awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama and Best Direction at the Feltex Awards.

Russia

The first Russian sitcom series was "Strawberry" (resembled "Duty Pharmacy" in Spanish format), which was aired in 1996–1997 on the RTR channel. However, the "boom" of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s — when in 2004, the STS started very successful sitcom " My Fair Nanny" (an adaptation of the American sitcom " The Nanny"). Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country — STS and TNT. In 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom — " Daddy's Daughters" (there were only adaptation before), and in 2010 TNT released " Interns (sitcom)" — the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy (unlike domi