Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth FRS

FRSE Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and Literature, letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". ...

FLS FSA (23 February 1800 – 21 November 1874) was a Scottish

naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

. He is known for his editing of a long series of natural history books, ''The Naturalist's Library''.

Life and work

Jardine was born on 23 February 1800 at 28 North Hanover Street in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

, the son of Sir Alexander Jardine, 6th baronet of Applegarth and his wife, Jane Maule. He was educated in both

York York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England, with Roman Britain, Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Foss, Foss. It has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a Yor ...

and Edinburgh then studied medicine at

Edinburgh University The University of Edinburgh (, ; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the town council under the authority of a royal charter from King James VI in 1582 and offi ...

. From 1817 to 1821 he lodged with Rev Dr Andrew Grant at James Square, an arrangement made by his father. Grant was minister of St Andrew's Church on George Street. In his early years, aged only 25, he was elected a fellow of the

Royal Society of Edinburgh The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was establis ...

his proposer being Sir

David Brewster Sir David Brewster Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order, KH President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, PRSE Fellow of the Royal Society of London, FRS Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, FSA Scot Fellow of the Scottish Society of ...

. He was a co-founder of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, and contributed to the founding of the Ray Society. He was "keenly addicted to field-sports, and a master equally of the rod and the gun". While ornithology was his main passion, he also studied ichthyology, botany and geology. His book on fossil burrows and traces, the ''

Ichnology A trace fossil, also called an ichnofossil (; ), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms, but not the preserved remains of the organism itself. Trace fossils contrast with body fossils, which are the fossilized remains of part ...

of Annandale'', included fossils from his ancestral estate.Jardine, W. 1853. ''The Ichnology of Annandale; Or, Illustrations of Footmarks Impressed on the New Red Sandstone of Corncockle Muir''. He was the first to coin the term ''

ichnology A trace fossil, also called an ichnofossil (; ), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms, but not the preserved remains of the organism itself. Trace fossils contrast with body fossils, which are the fossilized remains of part ...

'', and this was the first book written on the subject. His private natural history museum and library are said to have been the finest in Britain. Jardine made

natural history Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

available to all levels of Victorian society by editing the hugely popular forty volumes of The Naturalist's Library (1833–1843) issued and published by his brother in law, the Edinburgh printer and engraver, William Home Lizars.Susan Sheets-Pyenso
"War and Peace in Natural History Publishing: The Naturalist's Library, 1833-1843"
''

Isis Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom () as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her sla ...

''. 1981, v.72 (no. 261) pp.50-72. The series was divided into four main sections:

Ornithology Ornithology, from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (''órnis''), meaning "bird", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is a branch of zoology dedicated to the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related discip ...

(14 volumes),

Mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

ia (13 volumes),

Entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

(7 volumes), and

Ichthyology Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 35,800 species of fish had been described as of March 2 ...

(6 volumes); each prepared by a leading naturalist. James Duncan wrote the insect volumes. The artists responsible for the illustrations included

Edward Lear Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limerick (poetry), limericks, a form he popularised. ...

. The work was published in Edinburgh by W. H. Lizars. The frontispiece is a portrait of

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ...

. His other publications included an edition of

Gilbert White Gilbert White (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a "parson-naturalist", a pioneering English naturalist, ecologist, and ornithologist. He is best known for his '' Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne''. Life White was born on 18 Jul ...

's '' Natural History of Selborne'' which re-established White's reputation, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (1825–1843), and an affordable edition of Alexander Wilson's ''Birds of America''. Jardine described of a number of bird species, alone or in conjunction with his friend

Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE Linnean Society, FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George ...

. He died on 21 November 1874 in Sandown, Isle of Wight.

Family and descendants

He was married to Jane Home Lizars, and through her was brother-in-law to John Lizars

and William Home Lizars. After Lady Jardine's death he married the daughter of the Rev. William Samuel Symonds, the well-known geologist. Jardine's daughter, Catherine Dorcas Maule Jardine, married

Hugh Edwin Strickland Hugh Edwin Strickland (2 March 1811 – 14 September 1853) was an English geologist, ornithology, ornithologist, naturalist and systematist. Through the British Association, he proposed a series of rules for the nomenclature of organisms in zool ...

and produced many of the illustrations for ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (identifiable by her initials, CDMS). The Olympic rower Sir Matthew Pinsent is a direct descendant of Jardine.

Bibliography

Jardine wrote many books and edited the series and wrote many of the books for The Naturalist's Library. The books are listed below by publication date with those of The Naturalist's Library under a separate heading. *1825 to 1843, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'', written with

in four volumes:
Volume I

Volume II
**Volume III
Volume IV
*1839
''Illustrations of the British Salmonidae with Descriptions''
*1848
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1848''
Vols. I and II *1850
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1850''
Vols. III and IV *1851
''The Natural History of Selborne''
by

with additions, supplementary notes a short biography of Reverend Gilbert White by Jardine *1853
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1852''
Vol. V *1858
''Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A.''

The Naturalist's Library

Jardine edited the series of books that were published a part of The Naturalist's Library, and include (in the order in which they were published):Schomburgk, Robert H. (1843)
''Ichthyology: Vol. V: Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
pp. i-iii] #1833
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part I''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

#1833
''The Natural History of Monkeys''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Comte de Buffon Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (; 7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, and cosmologist. He held the position of ''intendant'' (director) at the ''Jardin du Roi'', now called the Jardin des plant ...

#1833
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part II''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of

Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism ...

#undated
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Thomas Pennant Thomas Pennant (16 December 1798) was a Welsh natural history, naturalist, traveller, writer and antiquarian. He was born and lived his whole life at his family estate, Downing Hall, near Whitford, Flintshire, in Wales. As a naturalist he had ...

#1834
''Mammalia: Vol. II: The Felinae''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

#1834
''The Natural History of Gallinaceous Birds: Vol. I''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

#1835
''The Natural History of Fishes of the Perch Family''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English Natural history, naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the European and American voyages of scientific exploration, 1766 natural-history ...

#1835
''Entomology: Vol. III: British Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

Abraham Gottlob Werner Abraham Gottlob Werner (; 25 September 174930 June 1817) was a German geologist A geologist is a scientist who studies the structure, composition, and History of Earth, history of Earth. Geologists incorporate techniques from physics, chem ...

#1836
''The Natural History of Parrots''
by Prideaux J. Selby with plates by

and a memoir of

Thomas Bewick Thomas Bewick (c. 11 August 1753 – 8 November 1828) was an English wood engraving, wood-engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, ...

#1836
''Mammalia: Vol. V: Pachyderms''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Hans Sloane Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet, (16 April 1660 – 11 January 1753), was an Irish physician, naturalist, and collector. He had a collection of 71,000 items which he bequeathed to the British nation, thus providing the foundation of the British ...

#1836
''The Natural History of British Moths, Sphinxes, &c.''
by James Duncan with a memoir of Maria Sibylla Merian #1837
''The Natural History of the Ordinary Cetacea or Whales''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Bernard Germain de Lacépède Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède or La Cépède (; 26 December 17566 October 1825) was a French natural history, naturalist and an active freemason. He is known for his contribution to the Comte de Buffon's g ...

#1837
''The Natural History of Foreign Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biologi ...

#1837
''The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa''
by

William Swainson William Swainson Fellow of the Linnean Society, FLS, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (8 October 1789 – 6 December 1855), was an English ornithologist, Malacology, malacologist, Conchology, conchologist, entomologist and artist. Life Swains ...

with a memoir of François Levaillant #1838
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part I: Birds of Prey''
by Jardine with a memoir of Robert Sibbald #1838
''The Natural Arrangement and Relations of the Family of Flycatchers or Muscicapidae''
by

with a memoir of

Albrecht von Haller Albrecht von Haller (also known as Albertus de Haller; 16 October 170812 December 1777) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet. A pupil of Herman Boerhaave and Jacob Winslow, he is sometimes r ...

#1838
''A History of British Quadrupeds''
by William MacGillivray with a memoir of

Ulisse Aldrovandi Ulisse Aldrovandi (11 September 1522 – 4 May 1605) was an Italian naturalist, the moving force behind Bologna's botanical garden, one of the first in Europe. Carl Linnaeus and the comte de Buffon reckoned him the father of natural history stud ...

#1839
''The Natural History of the Amphibious Carnivora, Including the Walrus and Seals, Also of the Herbivorous Cetacea, &c.''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of François Péron #1839
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. I''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of

Peter Simon Pallas Peter Simon Pallas Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussia, Prussian zoologist, botanist, Ethnography, ethnographer, Exploration, explorer, Geography, geographer, Geology, geologist, Natura ...

Nest of the Common Humble-Bee Plate 15 Jardine

#1840
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. II''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of Félix de Azara #1840
''Introduction to Entomology''
by James Duncan with memoirs of

Jan Swammerdam Jan or Johannes Swammerdam (February 12, 1637 – February 17, 1680) was a Dutch biologist and microscopist. His work on insects demonstrated that the various phases during the life of an insect—Egg (biology), egg, larva, pupa, and adult� ...

and

Charles De Geer Charles De Geer (30 January 1720 – 7 March 1778) was an entomology, entomologist, industrialist, civil servant and book collecting, book collector. He is sometimes referred to as Charles the Entomologist, to distinguish him from other relati ...

#1841
''The Natural History of Marsupialia or Pouched Animals''
by G. R. Waterhouse with a memoir of John Barclay #1841
''The Natural History of Horses: The Equidae or Genus ''Equus'' of Authors''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of

Conrad Gessner Conrad Gessner (; ; 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his talents and supported him t ...

#1841
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part I''
by Robert H. Schomburgk #1841
''The Natural History of Exotic Moths''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

#1842
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part III: Rasores and Grallatores''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Walker #1842
''An Introduction to the Mammalia''
by

Charles Hamilton Smith Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hamilton Smith, Royal Guelphic Order, KH, Military Order of William, KW, Royal Society, FRS, Linnean Society of London, FLS (26 December 1776 – 21 September 1859) was a British Army officer, artist, naturalist, ant ...

with a memoir of

Dru Drury Dru Drury (4 February 1725 – 15 January 1804) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He received specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry ...

#1843
''Ichthyology: Fishes, Particularly Their Structure and Economical Uses''
by J. S. Bushnan with a memoir of Hippolito Salviani #1843
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
by Robert H. Schomburgk with a memoir of

Johann Ludwig Burckhardt Johann Ludwig (also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt (24 November 1784 – 15 October 1817) was a Swiss traveller, geographer and Orientalist. Burckhardt assumed the alias ''Sheikh Ibrahim Ibn Abdallah'' during his travels in Arabia ...

#1844
''The Natural History of Game-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British Colonial Office, colonial official who served as the List of governors of the Dutch East Indies, governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816 and lieut ...

#1852
''The Natural History of Beetles''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

John Ray John Ray Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (November 29, 1627 – January 17, 1705) was a Christian England, English Natural history, naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his ...

#undated
''Ornithology: Pigeons''
by

with a memoir of

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder ( ), was a Roman Empire, Roman author, Natural history, naturalist, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the Roman emperor, emperor Vesp ...

#1859
''Entomology: Bees''
by Jardine with a memoir of

François Huber François Huber (2 July 175022 December 1831), also known as Francis in English publications and Franz in German publications, was a Switzerland, Swiss Entomology, entomologist who specialized in honey bees. His pioneering work was recognized a ...

#1860
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part I''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of Guillaume Rondelet #1860
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part IV''
by Jardine with a memoir of Alexander Wilson #1862
''Ornithology: Birds of Western Africa: Part I''
by W. Swainson with a memoir of

James Bruce James Bruce of Kinnaird (14 December 1730 – 27 April 1794) was a Scottish traveller and travel writer who physically confirmed the source of the Blue Nile. He spent more than a dozen years in North and East Africa and in 1770 became the fir ...

#1864
''The Natural History of the Nectariniadae, or Sun-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Francis Willughby Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, ) Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithology, ornithologist, ichthyology, ichthyologist and mathematician, and an early student of linguistics an ...

#1866
''Mammalia: Deer, Antelopes, Camels, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of Petrus Camper #1866
''Mammalia: Goats, Sheep, Oxen, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Hunter #1866
''Ornithology: Parrots''
by

with a memoir of

#1866
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of William Smellie Later supplements include the following titles: ''The Natural History of Man'', ''Humming Birds Volume 3'' and a single volume that collated the memoirs of "great naturalists".

References

External links

Obituary
in ''Nature'', Vol. 11, 74–76, 26 November 1874
Obituary
in Osbert Salvin (Editor), ''Ibis, Quarterly Journal of Ornithology'', Vol. V, page 522, 1875 * * *
Sir William Jardine
lithograph by Thomas Herbert Maguire, printed by M & N Hanhart c. 1851 at the National Portrait Gallery * Jardine, William (1833
''The Natural History of Humming-Birds, Vol. 1''
- digital facsimile from the

Linda Hall Library The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, on the grounds of a urban arboretum. It claims to be the "largest independently funded public library of sc ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jardine, William 1800 births 1874 deaths Nobility from Edinburgh Scientists from Edinburgh Writers from Edinburgh Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Fellows of the Royal Society

107 107 may refer to: *107 (number), the number *AD 107, a year in the 2nd century AD *107 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC *107 (New Jersey bus) *107 Camilla, a main-belt asteroid *Peugeot 107, a city car See also

*10/7 (disambiguation) *Bohrium, ...

Scottish ornithologists Scottish naturalists Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Scottish male painters Scottish taxonomists