
Sir Philip Magnus, 1st Baronet (7 October 1842 – 29 August 1933) was an
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Culture, language and peoples
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
* ''English'', an Amish ter ...
educational reformer, rabbi, and politician, who represented the
London University constituency as a
Unionist Member of Parliament from 1906 to 1922. He had previously been appointed director of the
City and Guilds of London Institute
The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has be ...
, from where he helped oversee the creation of a modern system of technical education in the United Kingdom.
Biography
After studying at
University College School
University College School, also known as UCS, is a private day school in Frognal, Hampstead, London, England. The school was founded in 1830 by University College London and inherited many of that institution's progressive and secular views.
...
and
University College London
University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...
, where he took
first-class honours
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure used for undergraduate degrees or bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied, sometimes with significant var ...
in both arts and science, Magnus chose to take up a religious career. An active member of the
Reform Judaism movement in Britain, he spent three years studying at the
Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums
Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, or Higher Institute for Jewish Studies, was a rabbinical seminary established in Berlin in 1872 and closed down by the Nazi government of Germany in 1942. Upon the order of the government, the nam ...
in Berlin and returned to London to take up a post as assistant rabbi at the
West London Synagogue
The West London Synagogue, abbreviated WLS, and fully the West London Synagogue of British Jews () is a Reform Judaism, Reform Judaism, Jewish congregation and synagogue, located near Marble Arch, at 34 Upper Berkeley Street, in the City of Wes ...
in 1866.
[Bailey (2004)]
During his time as rabbi, Magnus supplemented his income by teaching private students, which grew steadily into a regular occupation. He held a lectureship at
Stockwell teacher training college, taught at University College London, and examined prospective teachers for the
College of Preceptors
The Chartered College of Teaching is a learned society for the teaching profession in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1846, the college was incorporated by Queen Victoria into a royal charter as the College of Preceptors in 1849. A supplemental ch ...
. In 1880, he finally left his rabbinical work to become director of the newly formed
City and Guilds of London Institute
The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has be ...
. He oversaw the rapid growth of the institute, focusing his attentions on the technical education departments, of which he became Superintendent in 1888; he would hold this post until retiring in 1915.
[Bailey (2004); '']Who Was Who
''Who's Who'' is a reference work. It has been published annually in the form of a hardback book since 1849, and has been published online since 1999. It has also been published on CD-ROM. It lists, and gives information on, people from around ...
''
Outside of the institute, Magnus was influential in setting national education policy; he sat on the
Samuelson Commission (the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction) of 1884, and for his work here was knighted in 1886.
The commission's report led to the
Technical Instruction Act 1889, which supported local authorities in creating technical schools around the country. He encouraged the reform of primary and secondary state education in London, and helped oversee the merger of the City and Guilds Institute into the newly formed
Imperial College of Science and Technology
Imperial College London, also known as Imperial, is a public research university in London, England. Its history began with Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who envisioned a cultural district in South Kensington that included museums, ...
.
In the
1906 general election
The following elections occurred in the year 1906.
Asia
* 1906 Persian legislative election
Europe
* 1906 Belgian general election
* 1906 Croatian parliamentary election
* Denmark
** 1906 Danish Folketing election
** 1906 Danish Landsting e ...
, he was elected to Parliament as a
Liberal Unionist
The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington (later the Duke of Devonshire) and Joseph Chamberlain, the party established a political ...
, representing the
London University constituency.
He narrowly defeated Sir
Michael Foster, a prominent Cambridge physiologist, by twenty-four votes. Foster was a Liberal, who on his initial election had joined the Liberal Unionists and supported
Salisbury's Conservative government; however, he later
crossed the floor
In some parliamentary systems (e.g., in Canada and the United Kingdom), politicians are said to cross the floor if they formally change their political affiliation to a political party different from the one they were initially elected under. I ...
to rejoin the
Liberals, in large part due to his opposition to the
1902 educational reforms.
[Romano (2004)] Magnus was re-elected in 1910, after which, in 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the
Conservatives
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilizati ...
to form the Unionist Party. He held the seat in 1918 – where he defeated
Sidney Webb
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, (13 July 1859 – 13 October 1947) was a British socialist, economist and reformer, who co-founded the London School of Economics. He was an early member of the Fabian Society in 1884, joining, like Geo ...
– but did not seek re-election in 1922.
In retirement, he continued to sit as a member of the Senate of the University of London, and chaired the council of the
Royal Society of Arts
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, commonly known as the Royal Society of Arts (RSA), is a learned society that champions innovation and progress across a multitude of sectors by fostering creativity, s ...
. He was a governor of the
Northampton Institute
City, University of London was a public university from 1966 to 2024 in London, England. It merged with St George's, University of London to form City St George's, University of London in August 2024. The names "City, University of London" and ...
and
Royal Grammar School, Guildford
The Royal Grammar School, Guildford (originally 'The Free School'), also known as the RGS, is a Private schools in the United Kingdom, private selective day school for boys in Guildford, Surrey in England. The school dates its founding to the de ...
, and a vice-president of the
Anglo-Jewish Association
The Anglo-Jewish Association (AJA) is a British organisation. It was formed in 1871 for the 'promotion of social, moral, and intellectual progress among the Jews; and the obtaining of protection for those who may suffer in consequence of being Je ...
, the
Board of Deputies of British Jews
The Board of Deputies of British Jews, commonly referred to as the Board of Deputies, is the largest and second oldest Jewish communal organisation in the United Kingdom, after the Initiation Society which was founded in 1745. Established in 17 ...
, and
Jews' College
The London School of Jewish Studies (commonly known as LSJS, originally founded as Jews' College) is a London-based organisation providing adult educational courses and teacher training to the wider Jewish community.
Many leading figures in Brit ...
.
In 1917, he co-founded the anti-Zionist
League of British Jews The League of British Jews was an Anglo-Jewish anti-Zionist organization that opposed the Balfour Declaration giving British support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
The League was founded in November 1917 by a group of prom ...
.
He died in 1933 and is buried at
Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
Golders Green is a suburb in the London Borough of Barnet in north London, northwest of Charing Cross. It began as a medieval small suburban linear settlement near a farm and public grazing area green, and dates to the early 19th century. It ...
.
Family
He was married to the writer and teacher
Katie Magnus, and was father of the publisher
Laurie Magnus. Laurie predeceased him, and on his own death in 1933 he was succeeded in the baronetcy by Laurie's eldest son
Philip
Philip, also Phillip, is a male name derived from the Macedonian Old Koine language, Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominen ...
.
Leonard Arthur Magnus, his another son, was scholar and translator.
Arms
References
Sources
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Further reading
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Magnus, Philip
1842 births
1933 deaths
Alumni of University College London
Artists' Rifles soldiers
British educational theorists
British Reform rabbis
British reformers
Burials at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Educational reformers
Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Jewish British anti-Zionists
Jewish British politicians
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for English constituencies
1
Philip
Philip, also Phillip, is a male name derived from the Macedonian Old Koine language, Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominen ...
Members of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for London University
People associated with City, University of London
People educated at University College School
People associated with the University of London
Reform anti-Zionists
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918